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Learn Python 3 - Dictionaries

Dictionaries in Python allow storing and accessing data using keys and values. Values can be accessed or overwritten by specifying the key within square brackets. Keys must be immutable types like strings or numbers, while values can be any type. The .update() method merges two dictionaries by overwriting matching keys. Common methods for working with dictionaries include .keys(), .values(), .items(), .get(), and .pop().

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48 views

Learn Python 3 - Dictionaries

Dictionaries in Python allow storing and accessing data using keys and values. Values can be accessed or overwritten by specifying the key within square brackets. Keys must be immutable types like strings or numbers, while values can be any type. The .update() method merges two dictionaries by overwriting matching keys. Common methods for working with dictionaries include .keys(), .values(), .items(), .get(), and .pop().

Uploaded by

Cleber_Rocha_Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Dictionaries
Accessing and writing data in a Python dictionary
Values in a Python dictionary can be accessed by
placing the key within square brackets next to the my_dictionary = {"song": "Estranged",
dictionary. Values can be written by placing key within "artist": "Guns N' Roses"}
square brackets next to the dictionary and using the print(my_dictionary["song"])
assignment operator ( = ). If the key already exists, the
my_dictionary["song"] = "Paradise City"
old value will be overwritten. Attempting to access a
value with a key that does not exist will cause a
KeyError .
To illustrate this review card, the second line of the
example code block shows the way to access the value
using the key "song" . The third line of the code block
overwrites the value that corresponds to the key
"song" .

Syntax of the Python dictionary


The syntax for a Python dictionary begins with the left
curly brace ( { ), ends with the right curly brace ( } ), roaster = {"q1": "Ashley", "q2": "Dolly"}
and contains zero or more key : value items separated
by commas ( , ). The key is separated from the value
by a colon ( : ).

Merging Dictionaries with the .update() Method in Python


Given two dictionaries that need to be combined,
Python makes this easy with the .update() function. dict1 = {'color': 'blue', 'shape': 'circle'}
For dict1.update(dict2) , the key-value pairs of dict2 dict2 = {'color': 'red', 'number': 42}
will be written into the dict1 dictionary.
For keys in both dict1 and dict2 , the value in dict1 dict1.update(dict2)
will be overwritten by the corresponding value in
dict2 .
# dict1 is now {'color': 'red', 'shape':
'circle', 'number': 42}

Dictionary value types


Python allows the values in a dictionary to be any type
– string, integer, a list, another dictionary, boolean, etc. dictionary = {
However, keys must always be an immutable data type,   1: 'hello',
such as strings, numbers, or tuples.   'two': True,
In the example code block, you can see that the keys   '3': [1, 2, 3],
are strings or numbers (int or oat). The values, on the
  'Four': {'fun': 'addition'},
other hand, are many varied data types.
  5.0: 5.5
}
Python dictionaries
A python dictionary is an unordered collection of items.
It contains data as a set of key: value pairs. my_dictionary = {1: "L.A. Lakers", 2:
"Houston Rockets"}

Dictionary accession methods


When trying to look at the information in a Python
dictionary, there are multiple methods that access the ex_dict = {"a": "anteater", "b": "bumblebee",
dictionary and return lists of its contents. "c": "cheetah"}
.keys() returns the keys (the rst object in the key-
value pair), .values() returns the values (the second ex_dict.keys()
object in the key-value pair), and .items() returns both
# ["a","b","c"]
the keys and the values as a tuple.

ex_dict.values()
# ["anteater", "bumblebee", "cheetah"]

ex_dict.items()
# [("a","anteater"),("b","bumblebee"),
("c","cheetah")]

get() Method for Dictionary


Python provides a .get() method to access a
dictionary value if it exists. This method takes the key # without default
as the rst argument and an optional default value as {"name": "Victor"}.get("name")
the second argument, and it returns the value for the # returns "Victor"
speci ed key if key is in the dictionary. If the second
argument is not speci ed and key is not found then
{"name": "Victor"}.get("nickname")
None is returned.
# returns None

# with default
{"name": "Victor"}.get("nickname", "nickname
is not a key")
# returns "nickname is not a key"

The .pop() Method for Dictionaries in Python


Python dictionaries can remove key-value pairs with
the .pop() method. The method takes a key as an famous_museums = {'Washington': 'Smithsonian
argument and removes it from the dictionary. At the Institution', 'Paris': 'Le Louvre', 'Athens':
same time, it also returns the value that it removes from 'The Acropolis Museum'}
the dictionary. famous_museums.pop('Athens')
print(famous_museums) # {'Washington':
'Smithsonian Institution', 'Paris': 'Le
Louvre'}

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