50th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE

50th
IGC
17th – 19th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF TURBO GENERATOR FRAME FOUNDATION

USING SAP: 2000 v 17.1 SOFTWARE

Ms. Sungyani Tripathy, Phd Scholar, Applied Mechanics Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National
Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, email-sugyani16@gmail.com

Dr. A.K Desai, Professor, Applied Mechanics Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of
Technology, Surat, Gujarat, email-akd@amd.svnit.ac.in

ABSTRACT

Turbo Generator Frame Foundation is very important for Power generation, Gas, Steam, Hydro, Geothermal
and nuclear Power Plants. A very less Research work has been done on turbo generator foundation. Safety,
reliability and durability of structure should be considered while designing the soil-foundation and foundation-
machine interaction in turbo generator foundation. In this work, the winkler spring soil model, solid Finite
element modelling and dynamic analysis of Turbo generator foundation are considered. The frequency
dependent soil impedance (stiffness & damping) for various mode shapes are addressed in this study. The soil-
foundation system was simulated in SAP: 200017.1. software and dynamic response of foundation was
analyzed. The results are compared and validated with the mode shapes and frequencies published in the book
"Foundations for Industrial Machines" published by Dr. KG Bhatia.

Keywords—Turbo-Generator Frame Foundation; Winkler spring; SAP: 2000 V17.1.

INTRODUCTION

In industrial facilities like nuclear power plants, the machine foundation and amplitude at its
steel plants, petro chemical complexes, fertilizer operating frequency. The performance, safety and
plants etc consist of a number of centrifugal and stability of machine depend largely on their
reciprocating machines and these play an design, manufacturing and interaction with
important role for smooth operation. In case of environment. Identical machines having identical
rotating equipments such as turbo generator, even foundations have been observed behaving
vibrations of small magnitude induce cracks in differently under different soil conditions. Hence,
structural member, wearing in bearings, loosening soil structure interaction study becomes very
of connections, reduced efficiency in operations. important for the proper design of the foundation.
The analysis and design of foundation subjected to The machine foundations should be designed such
vibratory loads is a complicated problem because that the dynamic forces of machine are transmitted
of the interaction of geotechnical engineering, to the soil through the foundation to eliminate any
structural engineering and vibration theory. The kind of harmful effect. The turbo generators
most important parameters for the design of generate electricity and it is the main source of any
Machine foundations are the natural frequency of developed or developing countries. The weight of
Ms. Sungyani Tripathy & Dr. A.K Desai.

turbo generator machine ranges from 6000 kN to V8i) is to perform the modal analysis. Ping Gu
17000 kN, which is imposed on a large massive (2010) proposes a new dynamic participation
concrete foundation pedestal. factor DPF for analysis and design of structures
supporting rotational machines, and large turbine
A good turbo generator foundation should have generators. Lakshmanan and Gopalakrishnan
following criteria: The machine itself should run (2007) developed a simplified analytical
smoothly, The foundation supporting the formulation for computing peak dynamic
equipment is capable of sustaining the various responses of turbine-generator pedestals. The
loads coming from the turbine under operations approach is based on modal synthesis; it focuses
well as those that could develop due to the on the variability of elasticity modulus of concrete
vagaries in nature or otherwise like earthquake, and the effect of the variability on the amplitudes
thermal, electrical faults, short circuits etc. The of the various modes. Moreschi and Farzam
turbine generator industry invests great effort in (2005) studied the application of the harmonic
the design of machines in order to increase their analysis technique for the accurate determination
efficiency and reliability. Such requirements have of resonant frequencies of individual structural
led to a demand of high quality, reliable machine members in large steam-turbine generator
foundation which has to provide safe and foundations. They proposed a methodology for the
continuous machine operation. Prior to final accurate determination of the local structural
design of a new or revised foundation, extensive vibration properties. Details of the implementation
calculations needs to be performed in order to of the proposed methodology using the GT
ensure smooth machinery operation at the nominal STRUDL software are presented. K. G.
condition as well as to verify resistance in a case Bhatia(1984) Studied the dynamic behavior of
of unfavorable and unpredictable dynamic loads. turbo-generator foundations of various ratings.
Field vibration measurements taken on a 200 MW
T.G. foundation. TG foundation also indicated the
significance of soil structure interaction effect on
the dynamic response.

Based on the results of the analytical and

experimental studies, recommendations have been
made to include the soil structure interaction effect
for dynamic response calculations. Bhatia (2008)
carried out that examination of the dynamics of the
machine-foundation system is very important and
Fig. 1. Layout of Turbo-generator foundation the consideration of earthquake effects further
adds to its complexity. The performance, safety
Shao Xiaoyan(2014) reviewed and analyzed and stability of machines depend largely on their
history and present situation of turbine generator design, manufacturing and interaction with their
foundation in China for last ten years. It states supporting frame. In this case, the foundation
dynamic analysis, static deflection analysis and system should be able to resist earthquake loading
model test technology describes the various up to the safety limit without collapse. Significant
parameters. Ping Jiang (2010) proposes the use of damage to machinery has been reported for many
the Dynamic Magnification Factors (DMF) to past earthquake occurrences in the world. Thus,
determine the acceptability of natural frequencies Bhatia [2] recommended that the vertical seismic
and mode shapes. he used STAAD Pro (Version coefficient be equated to the horizontal seismic
 50th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE
50th
IGC
17th – 19th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India

coefficient in application to machine-foundation in frequency domain dynamic forces (harmonic

order to get better performance for the systems. V. excitation forces). Two numerical models were
Karthigeyan, G.K.V. Prakhya and K. Vekaria, constructed to study the effect of element type and
(2001), have presented a finite element model for rigid links distribution on the mass foundation
a steam turbine tabletop using a combination of pedestal responses.
beam and plate elements harmonic analysis was
carried out to compute the amplitudes of vibration In this paper, optimization of the foundation
for the out-of-balance machine loads and to limit reinforced concrete columns of the elastically
them to a suitable acceptance criterion. The study suspended turbine generator, subjected to rotating
highlighted that the amplitudes computed from the machinery dynamic loads, is performed. The
detailed finite element model are higher than that design objective is to avoid resonance of the
computed from lumped mass models due to the natural frequency of foundation columns with first
participation of flexural modes. Ali Ossama, harmonic excitation of the generator, while
(2006) compared the study between the two varying the column cross section. In order to
models (frame element and brick element models) identify the problem, the simulation of the model
was performed under the effect of time domain was performed in software for finite element
dynamic forces (steady state forces), and analysis, SAP: 2000V17.

MODELLING METHODOLOGY PROBLEM VALIDATION IN SAP:

INTRODUCTION TO SAP: 2000 2000V17.1.
The software used here for the design of The turbine generator, which is investigated,
analysis is SAP: 2000V17.1. This version is consists of the steam turbine and the generator.
versatile in capability and has the properties like They are laid on the RCC foundation plate which
Finite Element Method, Static and Dynamic is supported by six reinforced concrete columns.
analysis, Linear and nonlinear analysis, Reinforced concrete with the M25.A finite
Geometric nonlinearity, including P-Delta and element model of the structure was made in the
large displacement effects, soil parameters, Soil software for the finite element analysis
Structure Interaction, Stress Contour, including SAP:2000V17.1 . Weight of the turbine and rotor
earthquake lateral Forces. The soil is modeled as is 1160.00 kN, and 200 kN. Machine operating
a series of non-interactive, non linear “Winkler speed is 50Hz.
type” springs.

INPUT DATA

Foundation Poisson's ratio 0.15

Foundation material Shear Modulus G l.30E+07 kN/m2
properties Top L=13.80 B = 8.00 Thickness
Concrete Grade M :25 Deck m m =1.80 m
Mass density of 2.50 t/m3 Base L =13.30 B = 8.00 Thickness
concrete Raft m m = 2.00 m
Elastic Modulus E 3.00E+07 kN/m2
Ms. Sungyani Tripathy & Dr. A.K Desai.

Soil Data MODELLING METHODOLOGY

Coefficient of Cu== 4 x 104 The Top Deck, column and Raft for the
Uniform kN/m3 Turbo Machine Frame Foundation has been
Compression modeled in SAP; 2000 VS 17 using solid
Coefficient of Non- Cø ==8x104 kN/m 3 Elements. Use of solid elements in SAP;
Uniform 2000 give excellent results for the Free
Compression Vibration analysis/ Modal analysis. The
Coefficient of Cτ ==2x104 kN/m 3 entire machine load acts on the centre of
Uniform Shear gravity (C.G.) of component. The machine
Coefficient of Non- Cψ== 3 x 104 kN/m is connected to the top deck of the
Uniform Shear 3 foundation at the bearing points using rigid
links. The soil structure interaction is
obtained by modeling soil as spring which is
connected to the bottom of the raft.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

First Six Natural Frequencies in Hz

Mode KG Our Research Percentage
Number BHATIA Work in SAP: Difference
(Ref-08) 2000V17.1
1 2.95 Hz 2.95 Hz 0
2 3.02 Hz 3.02 Hz 0
3 3.67Hz 3.80 Hz 3.5
4 26.47Hz 24.77 Hz 6.4
5 32.36Hz 30.33 Hz 6.2
6 33.2 Hz 32.19 Hz 3.0

Fig. 2 Turbo Generator Model using

SAP; 2000 VS 17

Fig. 3 Mode Shape1 translational Fig. 4 Mode Shape2 translational

vibration along Z direction 2.95 Hz vibration along X direction 3.02 Hz
 50th INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL CONFERENCE

50th
IGC
17th – 19th DECEMBER 2015, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Venue: College of Engineering (Estd. 1854), Pune, India

Fig. 5 Mode Shape3 torsional mode Fig. 6 Mode Shape4 represents

of the top deck about y 3.80 Hz vertical mode 24.77 Hz

First two modes are translational mode in Z

& X direction, third mode represents
torsional mode of the top deck about y and
fourth mode represents vertical mode

RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Steady state response is evaluated at all the
bearing locations and at all the four corners
of the Top deck. The response is found to be
of 47 to 52 Hz.(i.e5% of operating Fig. 7. Pseudo Spectra Acceleration Curve
Frequency). Damping used for response corner of Top Deck
evaluation is 5%. Figure 7 shows Pseudo
Spectra Acceleration curve at corner of Top
Deck plotted with frequency in X axis and
Acceleration in Y axis with 5% damping

CONCLUSION values increase with each mode and one of

the values shall be near to the operating
Designing large dynamic equipment frequency of the machine. The Resonance
foundations located in high seismic regions condition observed at 47 Hz. It means
is based on a multitude of factors. Both the resonance condition cannot be avoided but
dynamic requirements and seismic for safety of Turbo generator Frame
requirements based on site conditions play a Foundation to reduce transient resonance
very important role. For finite element condition, the Machine can be speed up
analysis, SAP 2000 issued to create a model during the frequency overlapping.
for static and dynamic analysis. The Eigen
Ms. Sungyani Tripathy & Dr. A.K Desai.

REFERNCES
1. Ali Ossama, Effective Modeling of 6. Chowdhury Indrajit, Dasgupta P.
Mass Concrete Foundation Under Shambhu , Dynamics of Structure
Dynamic Loads, Master Thesis, The and foundation – A Unified
American University in Cairo, 2006 Approach, Taylor & Francis Group,
2. Zhong (John) Liu (2013)“Design of London, UK, 2009.
Foundations for Large Dynamic 7. Karthigeyan V., Prakhya, G. K. V.
Equipment in a High Seismic &Vekaria, K., Dynamic Analysis of
Region” Structures Congress 2013 © a Steam Turbine Support Structure,
ASCE 2013 Eighth International Conference on
3. Ping Jiang (2010) “ Modal Analysis Civil & Structural Engineering
for Steam Turbine/Generator Computing; Vienna; Austria; 19-21
Machine Table-Top Foundation” Sept. 2001.
2010 Structures Congress © 2010 8. Bhatia, K. G., Foundation for
ASCE Industrial Machines, Handbook for
4. Ping Gu (2010) “New Dynamic Practical Engineers, D-CAD
Participation Factor for Turbine- Publisher, New Delhi, 2009, ISBN:
Generator Foundations” Ping 978-81-906032-2-5
GuPract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 9. Bhatia, K.G.: Foundation for
2010.15:54-62. Industrial machines and Earthquake
5. Lakshmanan N. & Gopalakrishnan effects, ISET Journal of Earthquake
N., New Design Approach for Technology, Paper No. 495, 45
Computing Peak Dynamic Response (2008) 1-2, pp. 13-29.
of Turbo Generator Pedestals Using
Modal Synthesis, ASCE, 2006