Class10th IT Booklet2021-22

Delhi Public School Vasant Kunj
Information Technology (402)
Class X (2021-22)
Class X Information Technology 1

INDEX
Sno. Chapter Page No.
1. Digital Documentation 3-16
2. Electronic Spreadsheet 17-24
3. Relational Database Management System 25-33
4. Web Applications and Internet Security 34-46
5. Employability Skills 47-65
6. Question Bank 66-74

Unit 1: Digital Documentation
Create and Apply Styles in the Document
Ques: Define styles and use of styles in a document.
Ans: A style is a set of formats that you can apply to selected pages, text, frames, and other
elements in your document to quickly change their appearance. Styles help improve
consistency in a document. They also make major formatting changes easy. For example, you
may decide to change the indentation of all paragraphs, or change the font of all titles. For a
long document, this simple task can be prohibitive.Styles make the task easy.
Ques: List major types of styles in open office.org.

Ans: OpenOffice.org supports the following types of styles:
• Page styles include margins, headers and footers, borders and backgrounds. In Calc, page
styles also include the sequence for printing sheets.
• Paragraph styles control all aspects of a paragraph’s appearance, such as text alignment,
tab stops, line spacing, and borders, and can include character formatting.
• Character styles affect selected text within a paragraph, such as the font and size of text, or
bold and italic formats.
• Frame styles are used to format graphic and text frames, including wrapping type, borders,
backgrounds, and columns.
• Numbering styles apply similar alignment, numbering or bullet characters, and fonts to
numbered or bulleted lists
• Cell styles include fonts, alignment, borders, background, number formats (for example,
currency, date, number), and cell protection.
• Graphics styles in drawings and presentations include line, area, shadowing, transparency,
font, connectors, dimensioning, and other attributes.
• Presentation styles include attributes for font, indents, spacing, alignment, and tabs.
Ques: Write the ways to apply styles in a document.

Ans: OpenOffice.org provides several ways to select styles to apply:
* Using the Styles and Formatting window
* Using fill format
Ques: Write the ways to create a New (custom) styles.

Ans: * Creating a style from selection
* Dragging and Dropping to create a New style
Ques: How can you create new (custom) styles?

Ans: Creating a new style from a selection
1. Open the Styles and Formatting window and choose the type of style you want to create.
2. In the document, select the item you want to save as a style.
3. In the Styles and Formatting window, click on the New Style from Selection icon.
4. In the Create Style dialog, type a name for the new style. The list shows the names of
existing custom styles of the selected type. Click OK to save the new style.
Ques: How can you modify styles?

Ans: OpenOffice.org provides several ways to modify styles (both the predefined styles and
custom styles that you create):
• Updating a style from a selection
• Load or copy styles from another document or template
Updating a style from a selection:
To update a style from a selection:
1. Open the Styles and Formatting window.
2. In the document, select an item that has the format you want to adopt as a style.
3. In the Styles and Formatting window, select the style you want to update (single-click, not
double-click), then long-click on the arrow next to the New Style from Selection icon and
click on Update Style.
Loading styles from a template or document: You can copy styles by loading them from a
template or another document:
1. Open the document you want to copy styles into.
2. In the Styles and Formatting window, long-click on the arrow next to the New Style from
Selection icon and then click on Load Styles.
3. On the Load Styles dialog, find and select the template you want to copy styles from.
4. Select the categories of styles to be copied.
5. Click OK to copy the styles.
Note
To copy the styles from another document, click the From File button to open a window from
which you can select the required document.
INSERT AND USE IMAGES
Ques: Explain the different ways to insert image in a document.

Ans: Inserting an image file: When the image is in a file stored on the computer, you can
insert it into an OOo document using either of the following methods:
(a) Drag and drop
1. Open a file browser window and locate the image you want to insert.
2. Drag the image into the Writer document and drop it where you want it to appear.
A faint vertical line marks where the image will be dropped. This method embeds
(saves a copy of) the image file in the Writer document. To link the file instead of
embedding it, hold down the Ctrl+Shift keys while dragging the image.
(b) Insert Picture dialog
1. Click in the OOo document where you want the image to appear.
2. Choose Insert > Picture > From File from the menu bar.
3. On the Insert Picture dialog, navigate to the file to be inserted, select it, and click
Open. At the bottom of the dialog are two options, Preview and Link. Select Preview
to view a thumbnail of the selected image on the right, so you can verify that you have
the correct file.
(c)Inserting an image from the clipboard
Using the clipboard, you can copy images into an OOo document from another OOo
document and from other programs. To do this:
1. Open both the source document and the target document.
2. In the source document, select the image to be copied.
3. Move the mouse pointer over the selected image and press Ctrl +C to copy the
image to the clipboard.
4. Switch to the target document.
5. Click to place the cursor where the graphic is to be inserted. 6. Press Ctrl +V to
insert the image.
(d) Inserting an image using a scanner If a scanner is connected to your computer,
OOo can call the scanning application and inserted the scanned item into the OOo
document as an image. To start this procedure, click where you want the graphic to be
inserted and select Insert > Picture > Scan > Select Source. Although this practice is
quick and easy, it is unlikely to result in a high-quality image of the correct size. You
may get better results by scanned material into a graphics program and cleaning it up
there before inserting the resulting image into OOo.
(e) Inserting an image from the Gallery To insert a Gallery image into a Writer document:
1. To open the Gallery, click on the Gallery icon (located in the right side of the
Standard toolbar) or choose Tools > Gallery from the menu bar.
2. Navigate through the Gallery to find the desired picture.
3. To insert the picture, click and drag it from the Gallery into the Writer document.
You can also right-click on the picture and choose Insert>Copy.
Ques: How can you modify an image?

Ans: Modifying an image:
When you insert a new image, you may need to modify it to suit the document.Here we will
discuss the use of the Picture toolbar, resizing, cropping, and a work around to rotate a
picture.
Using the Picture toolbar
When you insert an image or select one already present in the document, the Picture toolbar
appears. You can set it to always be present (View > Toolbars > Picture). Picture control
buttons from the Picture toolbar can also be added to the Standard Toolbar. Two other
toolbars can be opened from this one: the Graphic Filter toolbar, which can be torn off and
placed elsewhere on the window, and the Color toolbar, which opens as a separate floating
toolbar.
From these three toolbars, you can apply small corrections to the graphic or obtain special
effects.
Graphics mode:
You can change color images to gray scale by selecting the image and then selecting Gray
scale from the Graphics mode list.
Flip vertically or horizontally:
To flip an image vertically or horizontally, select the image, and then click the relevant icon..
Color
Use this toolbar to modify the individual RGB color components of the image (red, green,
blue) as well as the brightness, contrast, and gamma of the image. If the result is not
satisfactory, you can press Ctrl+Z to restore the default values.
Graphic Filters

Transparency
Modify the percentage value in the Transparency box on the Picture toolbar to make the
image more transparent.
This is particularly useful when creating a watermark or when wrapping the image in the
background.
Using the formatting toolbar and Picture dialog

When an image is selected, you can customize some aspects of its appearance using the tools
available on the Formatting toolbar as well as in the dialog that is shown by right-clicking on
the image and selecting Picture.
You can, for example, create a border around the image, selecting style and color; or you can
(in the Borders page of the Picture dialog) add a shadow to the image.
Ques: Explain Cropping in detail

Ans: Cropping images
When you are only interested in a section of the image for the purpose of your document, you
may wish to crop (cut off) parts of it. To start cropping the image, right click on it and select
Picture from the pop-up menu.
In the Picture dialog box, select the Crop page.
In the Crop page, you can control the following parameters:
Keep scale / Keep image size
When Keep scale is selected (default), cropping the image does not change the scale of the
picture.
When Keep image size is selected, cropping produces enlargement (for positive cropping
values), shrinking (for negative cropping values), or distortion of the image so that the image
size remains constant.
Left, Right, Top, and Bottom
The image is cropped by the amount entered in these boxes. For example, a value of 3cm in
the Left box cuts 3 cm from the left side of the picture.
• When Keep scale is selected, the size of the image also changes, so in this example the
width will be reduced by 3 cm.
• When Keep image size is selected, the remaining part of the image is enlarged (when you
enter positive values for cropping) or shrunk (when you enter negative values for cropping)
so that the width and height of the image remains unchanged.
Width and Height
The Width and Height fields under either Scale or Image size change as you enter values in
the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom fields. Use the thumbnail next to these fields to determine
the correct amount by which to crop.
Ques: How can you resize an image?

Ans: Resizing an image
The inserted image might not fit perfectly into the document if it is too big or too small. In
these cases, you can use Writer to resize the image.
1. Click the picture, if necessary, to show the green resizing handles.
2. Position the pointer over one of the green resizing handles. The pointer changes shape
giving a graphical representation of the direction of the resizing.
3. Click and drag to resize the picture.
4. Release the mouse button when satisfied with the new size.
The corner handles resize both the width and the height of the graphic object
simultaneously, while the other four handles only resize one dimension at a time.
Ques: How can you rotate a picture?

Ans: Rotating a picture
Writer does not provide a tool for rotating a picture; however, there is a simple workaround:
1. Open a new Draw or Impress document (File > New > Drawing or File > New >
Presentation).
2. Insert the image you want to rotate.
3. Select the image, then in the Drawing toolbar (shown by default at the bottom of the
window in Impress and Draw), select the Rotate icon from the Effects tear-off toolbar.
4. Rotate the image as desired. Use the red handles at the corners of the picture and move the
mouse in the direction you wish to rotate. By default the picture rotates around its center.
5. Select the rotated picture by pressing Ctrl+A, then copy the image to the clipboard with
Ctrl+C.
6. Finish by going back to the location of the Writer document where the image is to be
inserted and pressing Ctrl+V.
Ques: How can you create Drawing objects?

Ans: Creating drawing objects
To begin using the drawing tools, display the Drawing toolbar, by clicking View > Toolbars
> Drawing
To use a drawing tool:
1. Click in the document where you want the drawing to be anchored. You can change the
anchor later, if necessary.
2. Select the tool from the Drawing toolbar. The mouse pointer changes to a drawing-
functions pointer
3. Move the cross-hair pointer to the place in the document where you want the graphic to
appear and then click and-drag to create the drawing object. Release the mouse button. The
selected drawing function remains active, so you can draw another object of the same type.
4. To cancel the selected drawing function, press the Esc key or click on the Select icon (the
arrow) on the Drawing toolbar.
5. You can now change the properties (fill color, line type and weight, anchoring, and others)
of the drawing object using either the Drawing Object Properties toolbar or the choices and
dialog boxes reached by right-clicking on the drawing object.
Ques: How can you set or change properties for drawing objects?
Ans: Set or change properties for drawing objects
To set the properties for a drawing object before you draw it:
1. On the Drawing toolbar ,click the Select tool.
2. On the Drawing Object Properties toolbar (Figure 10), click on the icon for each property
and select the value you want for that property.
3. For more control, or to define new attributes, you can click on the Area or Line icons on
the toolbar to display detailed dialog boxes.

Ques How can you resize a drawing object?
Ans: Resizing a drawing object
1. Click the drawing object, if necessary, to show the green resizing handles.
2. Position the pointer over one of the green resizing handles. The pointer changes shape
giving a graphical representation of the direction of the resizing.
3. Click and drag to resize the object.
4. Release the mouse button when satisfied with the new size.
For a scaled resizing, select one of the corner handles and keep the Shift key pressed
while dragging the handle to its new position
Ques: How can you do grouping of drawing objects?

Ans: To group drawing objects:
1. Select one object, then hold down the Shift key and select the others you want to include in
the group. The bounding box expands to include all the selected objects.
2. With the objects selected, hover the mouse pointer over one of the objects and choose
Format > Group > Group from the menu bar or right-click and choose Group > Group
from the pop-up menu.
Ques: How can we position image/graphics within the text?

Ans: Positioning image/graphics within the text
Positioning of a graphic is controlled by four settings:
1. Arrangement refers to the placement of a graphic on an imaginary vertical axis.
Arrangement controls how graphics are stacked upon each other or relative to the text.
2. Alignment refers to the vertical or horizontal placement of a graphic in relation to the
chosen anchor point.
3. Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or
frame where the object is, a paragraph, or even a character. An image always has an
anchor point.
4. Text wrapping refers to the relation of graphics to the surrounding text, which may wrap
around the graphic on one or both sides, be overprinted behind or in front of the graphic,
or treat the graphic as a separate paragraph or character.
The settings can be accessed in a number of ways, depending on the nature of the
graphics:
1. From the Format menu, where you can find Alignment, Arrange, Wrap, and Anchor (both
for images and drawing objects).
2. From the pop-up menu displayed when you right-click on the graphic.
3. From the Object toolbar shown in Figure 11.

CREATE AND USE TEMPLATE
Ques: Define a Template.

Ans: A templateis a model that we use to create other documents. For example, you can
create a template for business reports that has company’s logo on the first page. New
documents created from this template will all have company’s logo on the first page.
Templates can contain anything that regular documents can contain, such as text, graphics, a
set of styles, and user-specific setup information such as measurement units, language, the
default printer, and toolbar and menu customization.
All documents in OpenOffice.org (OOo) are based on templates. You can create a specific
template for any document type (text, spreadsheet, drawing, presentation). If you do not
specify a template when you start a new document, then the document is based on the default
template for that type of document.
Ques: How can you set custom template as the default template?
Ans: Setting a custom template as the default
You can set any template to be the default, as long as it is in one of the folders displayed in
the
Template Management dialog.
To set a custom template as the default:
1. From the main menu, choose File > Templates > Organize. The Template Management
dialog opens.
2. In the box on the left, select the folder containing the template that you want to set as the
default, then select the template.
3. Click the Commands button and choose Set As Default Template from the drop-down
menu. The next time that you create a document by choosing File > New, the document
will be created from this template.
Ques: How can you reset the default template?

Ans: Resetting the default template
To re-enable OOo’s Default template for a document type as the default:
1. From the main menu, choose File > Templates > Organize. The Template Management
dialog opens.
2.. In the Template Management dialog, click any folder in the box on the left.
3. Click the Commands button and choose Reset Default Template from the drop-down
menu. The next time that you create a document by choosing File > New, the document
will be created from OOo’s Default template for that document type.
Ques:How can you use/Change a particular Template?

Ans: Using The Template/Changing To A Different Template
To usechange a particular template, choose File > New > Templates and Documents. You'll
see the templates window and your templates; if you don't, select the Templates icon at the
left.
Select the template you want. Any information about the template will be displayed.
Double-click the template or click on open to open it. Now you can use the template
according to your choice
CREATE AND CUSTOMIZE TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ques: Define Table of Contents.
Ans: Table of content is a list, usually found on a page before the start of a written work, of
its chapter or section titles or brief descriptions with their commencing page numbers.
Ques: State the purpose of table of contents.

Ans: Writer's table of contents feature lets us build an automated table of contents from the
headings in our document. Before we start, make sure that the headings in our document are
styled consistently. For example, we can use the Heading 1 style for chapter titles and the
Heading 2 and Heading 3 styles for chapter subheadings.
Ques: How can you open table of contents feature in writer's window?
Ans: Opening Writer's table of contents feature To open Writer's table of contents feature
and insert a new table of contents in your document follow these steps:
1) Place your cursor at the point in your document where you want to insert the table of
contents. 2) From the main menu, choose Insert > Indexes and Tables > Indexes and Tables...
The Insert Index/Table window opens.
Ques: What will you see after opening the Insert Index/Table window?
Ans: The Insert/Index Table window has five tabs. Four of them are used when creating a
table of contents:
•Use the Index/Table tab to set the table's attributes.
•Use the Entries and Styles tabs to format the table entries.
•Use the Background tab to add color or a graphic to the table background.
Ques: Explain the use of Index/Table tab.

Ans: Setting basic attributes To set the table's basic attributes:
1) From the Type drop-down list in the Type and title area of the tab, select Table of Contents
if it isn't already selected.
2) From the drop-down list in the Create index/table area, select Entire document.
3) In the Create from area, check the Outline check box.
4) In the Create from area, clear the Index marks check box.
Adding a title If we'd like the table of contents to have a title, enter it in the Title field. To
delete the title, clear the Title field.
Protecting against manual changes
To protect the table of contents from being changed accidentally, check the Protected against
manual changes check box. If this box is checked, the table of contents can only be changed
using the context menu or the Insert Table/Index window. If the box isn't checked, the table
of contents can be changed directly on the document page, just like other text.
Changing the number of levels
By default, Writer evaluates 10 levels of headings when it builds the table of contents. To
change the number of levels evaluated, enter the desired number in the Evaluate up to level
spin box.
Assigning custom styles Writer automatically assigns to the table of contents all paragraphs
formatted with the default heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, and so on). To assign
paragraphs formatted with custom styles, follow these steps:
1) In the Create from area, check the Additional Styles check box.
2) Click the (...) button to the right of the check box. The Assign Styles window opens.

3) In the Not applied column, click the style that you want to assign to the table of contents.
4) Use the >>button to move the selected style to the desired outline level. To move the style
in the opposite direction, use the <<button.
5) Click OK to save your changes and return to the Index/Table tab. Or, click Cancel to
return without saving your changes.
Ques: Explain the use of entries tab.

Ans: Use the Entries tab, to format the entries in the table of contents. For each outline level,
you can add and delete elements, such as chapter numbers, and you can also apply character
styles to individual elements.
To begin, click a level number in the Level column to select the outline level whose elements
we want to format. The Structure line displays the elements for entries in that level. Each
button on the Structure line represents one element:
• The E# button represents the chapter number.
• The E button represents the entry text.
• The T button represents a tab stop.
• The # button represents the page number.
• The LS button represents the start of a hyperlink. (This button doesn't appear on the
default Structure line.)
• The LE button represents the end of a hyperlink. (This button doesn't appear on the
default Structure line.) Each white field on the Structure line represents a blank space.
Deleting elements To delete an element from the Structure line, click the button that
represents that element and then press the Delete key on your keyboard. For example, to
delete a tab stop, click the T button and then press the Delete key.
Adding elements To add an element to the Structure line, follow these steps:
1) Place your cursor in the white field to the left of where you want to insert the element.
2) Click one of the five buttons that are just below the Structure line. (For example, to add a
tab stop, click the Tab stop button.) A button representing the new element appears on the
Structure line. Note that if you insert a hyperlink, you must indicate both the beginning
and end of the link. For example, to change the default Structure line so that the chapter
number and the entry text form a hyperlink, follow these steps:
1) On the Structure line, place your cursor in the white field to the left of the E# button.
2) Click the Hyperlink button. An LS button, representing the start of the hyperlink, appears
on the Structure line.
3) On the Structure line, place your cursor in the white field to the right of the E button
4) Click the Hyperlink button again. An LE button, representing the end of the hyperlink,
appears on the Structure line.
Applying character styles To apply a character style to an element on the Structure line:
1) On the Structure line, click the button that represents the element to which you want to
apply a style.
2) From the Character Style drop-down list, select the desired style. To view or edit the
attributes of a character style, select the style from the Character Style drop-down list and
then click the Edit button.
Ques: Explain the use of styles tab.

Ans: Using the Styles tab
Use the Styles tab, to apply paragraph styles to the table of contents. We can apply a different
paragraph style to each outline level of the table.
To apply a paragraph style to an outline level, follow these steps:
1) In the Levels list box, select the desired outline level by clicking it.
2) In the Paragraph Styles list box, click the paragraph style that you want to apply.
3) Click the < button to apply the selected paragraph style to the selected outline level.
To remove paragraph styling from an outline level:
1) In the Levels list box, select the desired outline level by clicking it.
2) Click the Default button. To view or edit the attributes of a paragraph style, click the style
in the Paragraph Styles list box and then click the Edit button.
Ques: Explain the use of background tab.

Ans: Use the Background tab, to add color or a graphic to the table background.
Adding color
To add color to the background of the table of contents, simply click the desired color in the
color grid.
Adding a graphic
To add a graphic to the background of the table of contents, follow these steps:
1) From the As drop-down list, select Graphic. The Background tab displays the graphics
options.
2) Click the Browse button. The Find Graphics window opens.
3) Find the graphic file that you want to use and then click the Open button. The Find
Graphics window closes and the selected graphic appears in the graphic preview box on
the right-hand side of the Background tab. (If you don't see the graphic, check the Preview
check box underneath the graphic preview box.)
4) In the Type area of the Background tab, choose how you want the background graphic to
appear: •To position the graphic in a specific location in the background, select Position
and then click the desired location in the position grid. •To stretch the graphic so that it
fills the entire background area, select Area. •To repeat the graphic across the entire
background area, select Tile.
Deleting color or graphics
To delete color or graphics from the table background, follow these steps:
1) From the As drop-down list, select Color.

2) Click No Fill on the color grid. Saving the table of contents To save the table of contents
so that the table appears in your document, click OK. The Insert Index/Table window
closes and the table of contents appears in your document.
Editing a table of contents To edit an existing table of contents:

1) Click anywhere in the table of contents and then right click. The context menu appears.
2) From the context menu, choose Edit Index/Table. The Insert Index/Table window opens
and you can edit and save the table using the four tabs described in the previous chapter.
Updating a table of contents To update a document's table of contents when changes are
made to the document:
1) Click anywhere in the table of contents and then right click. The context menu
appears. 2) From the context menu, choose Update Index/Table. Writer updates the
table of contents to reflect the changes in the document.
Deleting a table of contents To delete the table of contents from a document:
1) Click anywhere in the table of contents and then right click. The context menu appears.

2) From the context menu, choose Delete Index/Table. Writer deletes the table of contents.
Advance concept of mail merge in word processing

A mail merge is a way to take a letter you’ve written and send it to a whole bunch of people,
personalizing it with information about them so they might think that you typed that letter
personally for them. A mail merge can also be a quick way to take a list of people’s mailing
addresses and generate labels or envelopes with the address for a different person on each
label or envelope. In short, it’s a way to be personal, yet efficient. It’s essential for any person
or organization that has a lot of clients, partners, parents and children, or other
people to communicate with.
Create a Mail Merge Document: Letter
1. Open a template, if you have one you want to use, or create a new Writer document.
2. Save the document with the appropriate name.
3. Write out the text that will be going to everyone, and plan where you want the fields.
4. Once you have the letter written out and you know what fields you need, and insert the
fields from the database instead.
To Make The Data Source And Entering Data
OpenOffice.org is set up with a middle-man file in the mail merge process to make merging
work easily. You’ll create a small file, one for each spreadsheet or other data source. Once
you create it, you don’t have to do it again.
1. Choose File > New > Database. You’ll see a window.
2. Select the option 'connect to an existing database'.
3. Select the type of data: spreadsheet data, text file data, your particular type of address
book, or the type of database you’re using like Access or mySQL.
4. Click Next.
5. A window appears, just be sure to keep the option for registering selected. Unmark the
selection to open the database for editing unless you want to see the database editing
window.
6. Click Finish
7. A save as window appears, give the name to the database file and click on save.
8. You can see your databases by pressing F4 when you’re in a Writer or Calc document.
Click the + icon next to the database you created to see the items named Queries and
Tables. Click the + next to Tables to see the tables you created; select a table to see the
data in it.
Merging The Data Source With Main Document

1. Open the letter you want to use.
2. Press F4. Click the + next to the database you want, then click the + next to Tables and the
+ next to the table you want.
3. Now just drag the field you want into the letter, to the place you want it.
a. Click and hold down on the name of the first field you want. Don’t click on the data.
b. Drag the field name into the letter to the place where you want it. The mouse will have a
+ attached to it.
c. Release the mouse. The field will appear. You won’t see the data yet; you’ll see the field
name.
4. Drag in all the other fields you want, the same way. If you want a field in the letter twice,
you can drag it twice, or drag it in once, then copy and paste it to the other location.

5. The fields should display with a gray background. It won’t print; it just helps you see
which text is from the database and which text you typed.
6. Format the document any way you want it.
7. You’re done creating the mail merge document. You only need to do this once. The next
step is to either print the letter to a printer, or “print” to a Writer file so you can see all the
data
merged, and so you can customize, before printing on paper. Continue to the printing step.
Editing a saved file of mailing labels
To edit a saved file of mailing labels, open the saved label file in the normal way. You will
be prompted to update all links. Choose No for the following reason: The first label on the
page is termed the “Master Label” and all other labels are linked to it. If you update the
links, then all labels will end up containing the same data, which is probably not what you
want. You can edit individual records in the normal way, by highlighting and changing the
font name, for example. However, you cannot edit all labels globally (for example, to
change the font name for all records) by the technique of selecting the entire document.
To achieve this result you have to edit the paragraph style associated with the label records
as follows.
● Right-click any correctly spelled word in a label record. - Select Edit Paragraph Style
from the context menu. (Note: If you click on a misspelled word, a different menu
appears.) - Then from the Paragraph Style dialog, you can make changes to the font name,
the font size, the indents, and other attributes.
Printing Mailing Labels Before beginning this process, note the brand and type of labels
you intend to use.
Preparing For Printing
To prepare mailing labels for printing:
●Choose File > New > Labels.
●On the Options tab, ensure that the Synchronize contents option is selected.
●On the Labels tab (), select the Database and Table. Select the Brand of labels to be used,
and then select the Type of label.
●If you are unable to identify your label product in the list, then you can define the labels you
have. Select the User setting in the Type selection box. Click on the Format tab of the
Labels dialog.
●You can now save your label template if you are likely to use it again. Click Save.
● In the Save Label Format dialog that opens (), enter names for your label Brand and Type.
Click OK.
● Click the Labels tab. Click the drop-down arrow under Database field. Select the first field
to be used in the label (in this example, Title). Click the left arrow button to move this field
to the Label text area.
● Continue adding fields and inserting desired punctuation, spaces, and line breaks until the
label is composed shows the completed label.
● Click New Document. You now have a new, single-page document containing a series of
frames, one for each label of the selected type and filled with the data source address fields
that you selected.
Advantages of Mail Merge

1. One standard letter can be written and sent to all customers without having to manually
add each name and address.

2. The letter can be personalized - it looks as though the letter has been written to
the individual person.
3. It's a very fast way to produce hundreds of personalized letters.

UNIT-2: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET (ADVANCED)
ANALYSE DATA USING SCENARIOS AND GOAL SEEK
Ques: What do you mean by data consolidation?

Ans: Data Consolidation allows you to gather together your data from separate worksheets
into a master worksheet. In other words, the Data Consolidation function takes data from
a series of worksheets or workbooks and summaries it into a single worksheet that you
can update easily.
Or
The process of collecting and integrating data from various sources at a single place with
the help of special function is known as consolidating of data or data consolidation.
Special functions like: Sum, Average, Count, Max and Min etc.
Ques: Write the steps to consolidate data in Calc.

Ans: Steps are:
1. Open the document that contains data to be consolidated.
2. Click on Data Tab and choose consolidate option.
3. Select source data range from left box and if range is not named click on the right box.
4. Select the range from the desired worksheet in right box.
5. Click Add to insert selected range in consolidation ranges field.
6. Select additional ranges and click add button.
7. Specify where you want to display the results in Copy results to box.
8. Select function from the function box.
9. Click OK to consolidate the ranges.
Ques: How to define name to range of cells?

Ans: Define Range option is available under the Data Menu.
Ques: Define the SUBTOTAL function available in Calc.

Ans: Subtotal function is used to analyze huge amount of data. It is very useful when we
want
to perform different set of calculations on repeated data. Calc gives us the subtotals and the
grand total for the values selected by us.
Steps:
1. Open the sheet containing data.
2. Select the range of cells to be calculated.
3. Click on Data tab and select subtotals option.
4. Select the column by which the subtotals need to be grouped in the Group by list.
5. In calculate subtotals for box, select the columns having data.
6. Type the function in Use function box.
7. Click OK.
Ques: What is What-If scenarios?

Ans: A scenario is a what-if analysis tool. The process in which you make changes in the
values
to check that what will be the effect of those changes in the outcome of formulas on
worksheet is called what-if analysis.
Steps to use Scenario tool:
1. Select the cells that contain the values that will change between scenarios.
2. Click on Tools menu and select option Scenarios.
3. Create Scenarios dialog box will open.
4. Enter any suitable name for your scenario. Optionally you can give descriptive comment to
explain what is going on in this scenario.
5. There are four options available in settings section. These are:
 Display border(To change the border colour)
 Copy back(To make the changes in the cell)
 Copy entire Sheet(To copy data to a new sheet)
 Prevent change(To prevent accidental changes)
6. According to requirement select or unselect the above available options.
7. Click on OK button and your first scenario is created. You can create several scenarios for
any given range of cells.
Ques: Explain the concept of Working with scenarios using the Navigator.
Ans: After scenarios are added to a spreadsheet, you can jump to a particular scenario by
selecting it from the list in the Navigator. To find a scenario, click the Scenarios icon in the
Navigator. The defined scenarios are listed, along with the comments that were entered
when the scenarios were created.
 To apply a scenario to the current sheet, double-click the scenario name in the
Navigator.
 To delete a scenario, right-click the name in the Navigator and choose Delete.
 To edit a scenario, including its name and comments, right-click the name in the
Navigator and choose Properties.
 The Edit Properties dialog is the same as the Create Scenario dialog.
Ques: What do you mean by Goal seek?

Ans: Goal Seek is a process of calculating a value by performing what-if analysis on a given
set of values. Goal Seek feature lets you adjust a value used in a formula to achieve a
specific goal. It perform backward calculation to get the input that would provide a given
output.
Steps are:
1. Click on Tools menu and select Goal seek option.
2. Click in formula cell box and enter the value.
3. Click on target value box and enter target value.
4. Click on variable cell box and click the cell in the worksheet that contains the value to be
changed.
5. Click OK.
Ques: Define Solver option in openoffice Calc.

Ans: Solver option is just like Goal seek option with a difference that it deals with equations
with multiple unknown variables. It is specifically designed to minimize or maximize the

result according to a set of rules that you define.
LINK DATA AND SPREADSHEETS

Ques: How can you insert a new sheet in open office calc?
Ans: Inserting new sheets
There are several ways to insert a new sheet. The first step, in all cases, is to select the
sheet that will be next to the new sheet. Then do any of the following:
 Select Insert > Sheet from the menu bar, or
 Right-click on the tab and select Insert Sheet, or
 Click in an empty space at the end of the line of sheet tabs.
Each method opens the Insert Sheet dialog. Here you can choose to put the new sheet
before or after the selected sheet and how many sheets to insert.
Ques: How to rename a worksheet?

Ans: There are three ways to rename a worksheet, and the only difference between
them is the way in which you start the renaming process. You can do any of the following:
 Double-click on one of the existing worksheet names.
 Right-click on an existing worksheet name, then choose Rename from the resulting
Context menu.
Select the worksheet you want to rename (click on the worksheet tab) and then select
the Sheet option from the Format menu. This displays a submenu from which you
should select the Rename option.
Ques: Define a cell reference and its use.

Ans: A cell reference refers to a cell or a range of cells on a worksheet and can be used to
find
the values or data that you want formula to calculate.
In one or several formulas, you can use a cell reference to refer to:
• Data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.
• Data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
• Data on other worksheets in the same workbook.
Ques: What are the two ways of referencing cells in other worksheets?
Ans: There are two ways to reference cells in other sheets: by entering the formula directly
using the keyboard or by using the mouse.
Creating The Reference With The Mouse
To create the reference with the mouse, both spreadsheets need to be open. Select the cell in
which the formula is going to be entered.
1. Click the = icon next to the formula bar.
2. Switch to the other spreadsheet.
3. Select the sheet and then the reference cell.
4. Switch back to the original spreadsheet.
5. Click on the green check mark on the formula bar.
Your spreadsheet should now resemble.
Creating The Reference With The Keyboard
Typing the reference is simple once you know the format the reference takes. The reference
has three parts to it:
Path and file name
Sheet name
Cell
=’file:///Path &File Name’#$SheetName.CellName.
Ques: Define a Hyperlink.

Ans: Hyperlinks can be used in Calc to jump to a different location from within a spreadsheet
and can lead to other parts of the current file, to different files or even to web sites.
Ques: Differentiate between relative and absolute hyperlinks.

Ans:
Absolute Hyperlinks:
1. It is the entire address from the protocol (HTTP/HTTPS) to the domain name and includes
the location within your website in your folder system names within the URL. Basically,
it’s the full URL of the page that you link to.
2. An absolute link will stop working only if the target is moved.
3. An example of absolute URL is :http://www.example.com/xyz.html
4. It is only possible when both the source and destination file are on different locations.
Relative Hyperlinks:
1. It does not use the full address and only contains the location following the domain. It
assumes that the link you add is on the same site and is part of the same root domain.
2. A relative link will stop working only if the start and target locations change relative to
each other.
3. An example of relative URL is xyz.html
4. It is only possible when both the source and destination file are on same locations.
Ques: How to insert Hyperlink in calc?

Ans: Click the Hyperlink icon on the Standard toolbar or choose Insert > Hyperlink from
the
menu bar. To turn existing text into a link, highlight it before opening the Hyperlink dialog.
Ques: Name the four types of hyperlinks available in Hyperlink dialog window.
Ans:
Internet: the hyperlink points to a web address, normally starting with http://
Mail & News: the hyperlink opens an email message that is pre-addressed to a particular
recipient.
Document: the hyperlink points to a place in either the current worksheet or another existing
worksheet.
New document: the hyperlink creates a new worksheet.
Ques: Explain all the options available in ‘Further settings’ section in Hyperlink dialog
window.
Ans: Set the value of Frame to determine how the hyperlink will open. This applies to
worksheets that open in a Web browser.
Form specifies if the link is to be presented as text or as a button.
Text specifies the text that will be visible to the user. If you do not enter anything here,
Calc will use the full URL or path as the link text.
Name is applicable to HTML documents. It specifies text that will be added as a NAME
attribute in the HTML code behind the hyperlink.

Ques: Define the concept of Linking to external data.
Ans: We can insert tables from HTML documents, and data located within named ranges
from
an OpenOffice.org Calc or Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, into a Calc spreadsheet You can do
this in two ways: using the External Data dialog or using the Navigator.
Using the External Data dialog
1. Open the Calc worksheet where the external data is to be inserted. This is the target
worksheet.
2. Select the cell where the upper left-hand cell of the external data is to be inserted.
3. Choose Insert -> Link to External Data.
4. On the External Data dialog, type the URL of the source worksheet or click the [...]
button to open a file selection dialog. Press Enter to get Calc to load the list of available
tables.
5. In the Available tables/range list, select the named ranges or tables you want to insert.
You can also specify that the ranges or tables are updated every (number of) seconds.
6. Click OK to close this dialog and insert the linked data.
Ques: How to link to registered data sources?

Ans: You can access a variety of databases and other data sources and link them into Calc
worksheets. First you need to register the data source with OpenOffice.org. (To register
means to tell OOo what type of data source it is and where the file is located.) The way to
do this depends on whether or not the data source is a database in *.odb format.
To register a data source that is in *.odb format:
1. Choose Tools -> Options -> OpenOffice.org Base -> Databases.
2. Click the New button (below the list of registered databases) to open the Create Database
Link dialog.
3. Enter the location of the database file, or click Browse to open a file browser and select
the database file.
4. Type a name to use as the registered name for the database and click OK. The database is
added to the list of registered databases. The OK button is enabled only when both fields
are filled in.
SHARING WORKSHEET DATA
Ques: How to share a worksheet in OpenOffice Calc?

Ans: 1. Open spreadsheet.
2. Navigate to Tools > Share Document. Select it.
3. Share document dialog box will be displayed, tick mark the only check box available and
click OK.
4. Now save the spreadsheet in .ods format.
5. ‘Shared’ will be appended to the name and will be displayed in the title of the spreadsheet.
Ques: Name few options that can’t be activated in shared spreadsheet.
Ans: The following features are known to be disabled in a shared spreadsheet:
● Edit > Changes, except for Merge Document
● Edit > Compare Document
● Edit > Sheet > Move/Copy & Delete
● Insert > Movie and Sound
● Insert > Object
● Insert > Chart
● Data > Sort
● Data > Subtotals
● Data > Validity
● Data > Multiple Operations
Ques: What are the several situations occur when we save a shared document?
Ans: When you save a shared spreadsheet, one of several situations may occur:
● If the worksheet was not modified and saved by another user since you opened it, the
worksheet is saved.
● If the worksheet was modified and saved by another user since you opened it, one of the
following events will occur:
a. If the changes do not conflict, the worksheet is saved, the dialog below appears, and
any cells modified by the other user are shown with a red border.
b. If the changes conflict, the Resolve Conflicts dialog is shown. You must decide for
each conflict which version to keep, yours or the other person’s. When all conflicts
are
resolved, the worksheet is saved. While you are resolving the conflicts, no other
user can save the shared worksheet.
c. If another user is trying to save the shared worksheet and resolve conflicts, you see
a
message that the shared spreadsheet file is locked due to a merge-in in progress.
You can choose to cancel the Save command for now, or retry saving later.
Ques: What do you know about Record Changes feature in Calc? Write the steps to do
it.
Ans: Calc has the feature to track what data was changed, when the change was made, who
made the change and in which cell the change has occurred.
To make these changes, use the record changes feature in Calc. To start recording changes:
1. Open the Spreadsheet.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Record from the menu bar.
3. Begin editing the worksheet.
A colored border, with a dot in the upper left-hand corner, appears around a cell
where changes were made. Other reviewers then quickly know which cells were
edited. A deleted column or row is marked by a heavy colored bar.
Ques: What changes you see when reviewing a worksheet?

Ans: Calc gives us tremendous control over what changes we see when reviewing a
worksheet. To change the available filters, select Edit > Changes > Show. A dialog opens.
Using the different settings, we can control which changes appear on screen.
● Date – Only changes made in a certain time range are displayed.
● Author – Only changes made by a specific author are displayed. This is especially
useful if you have multiple reviewers on the worksheet.
● Range – Only changes made in a specific range of cells are displayed. This is especially
useful if you have a large spreadsheet and only want to review a part of it.
● Comment – Searches the content of the comments and only displays changes which
have comments that match the search criteria.
● Show accepted changes – Only changes you accepted are displayed.
● Show rejected changes – Only changes you rejected are displayed.

Ques: What is the purpose of adding comments and How can we add comments?
Ans: Calc automatically adds to any recorded change a comment describing what was
changed
(for example, Cell B4 changed from ‘9’ to ‘4’). Reviewers and authors can add their
comments to explain their changes.
To add a comment to a change:
1. Make the change to the spreadsheet.
2. Select the cell with the change.
3. Choose Edit > Changes > Comments. The dialog shown below appears. The automatically-
added comment provided by Calc appears in the title bar of this dialog and cannot be
edited.
4. Type your own comment and click OK.
Editing change comments
1. Select the cell with the comment that you want to edit.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Comments.
3. Edit the comment and click OK.
Ques: Explain the concept of accepting or rejecting changes.

Ans: When you receive a worksheet back with changes, the beauty of the recording changes
system becomes evident. Now, as the original author, you can step through each change
and decide how to proceed. To begin this process:
1. Open the edited worksheet.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Accept or Reject. The dialog opens.
3. Calc steps through the changes one at a time. You can choose to accept or reject each
change as you go through.
Ques: What is the purpose of merging worksheets and Write the steps to do it.
Ans: Sometimes, multiple reviewers return edited versions of a worksheet at the same time.
In this case, it may be quicker to review all of these changes at once, rather than one review
at
a time. For this purpose, Calc provides the feature of merging worksheets.
To merge worksheets, all of the edited worksheets need to have recorded changes in them.
1. Open the original worksheet.
2. Select Edit > Changes > Merge Document.
3. A file selection dialog opens. Select a file you want to merge and click OK.
4. After the worksheets merge, the Accept or Reject Changes dialog opens,
showing changes by more than one reviewer. If you want to merge more worksheets,
close the dialog and then repeat steps 2 and 3.
Ques: Explain the feature ‘Comparing Document’ in OpenOffice Calc.

Ans: When sharing worksheets reviewers may forget to record the changes they make. This
is
not a problem with Calc because Calc can find the changes by comparing worksheets.
In order to compare worksheets you need to have the original worksheet and the one that is
edited. To compare them:
1. Open the edited worksheet that you want to compare with the original worksheet.
2. Select Edit > Compare Document.
3. An open worksheet dialog appears. Select the original worksheet and click Insert.
Calc finds and marks the changes as follows:
● All data that occurs in the edited worksheet but not in the original is identified as inserted.
● All data that is in your original worksheet but is not in the edited worksheet is identified as
deleted.
● All data that is changed, is marked as changed.
CREATE AND USE MACROS IN SPREADSHEET

Ques: Define a Macro.
Ans: A macro is a saved sequence of commands or keystrokes that are stored for later use.
Macros are especially useful to repeat a task the same way over and over again.
Ques: How to create a Macro?

Ans: The following steps create a macro:
1. Open a new spreadsheet.
2. Enter the data on which you have to apply macros.
3. Select a value & copy it by right clicking the mouse and choose copy option.
4. Select the cells in the range such as A1:C3.
5. Click Tools>Macros>record macro.
6. It will start recording of actions in a macro and display a dialog box with stop recording
button.
7. Perform the action and then stop recording.
8. The OpenOffice basic Macros dialog box will open.
9. Click the + sign next to MY Macros and under it on Standard, Click Module 1.
10. Type the name of Macro and click save.

UNIT-3 RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (BASIC)
APPRECIATE CONCEPT OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Ques: Define a Database.
Ans: A database is an organized collection of data. You can visualize it as a container of
information. The database concept has evolved since the 1960s to ease increasing difficulties
in designing, building, and maintaining complex information systems (typically with many
concurrent end-users, and with a large amount of diverse data).
Ques: Define DBMS.

Ans: A database management system is a software package with computer programs that
controls the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to
conveniently develop databases for various applications. A DBMS allows different user
application programs to concurrently access the same database.
Well known DBMSs include Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access,
PostgreSQL, MySQL, FoxPro, and SQLite.
Ques: How data can be organized in database?

Ans: Data can be organized into two types:
• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable for less amount of data.
• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables are linked using a common field.
Relational is suitable for medium to large amount of data
Ques: Define Database servers.

Ans: Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only
the DBMS and related software. Typically databases available on the database servers are
accessed through command line or graphic user interface tools referred to as Frontends;
database servers are referred to as Back-ends. Such type of data access is referred to as a
client-server model.
Ques: Write some advantages of Database.

Ans: Reduces Data Redundancy
This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change in it is reflected
immediately. Because of this, there is no chance of encountering duplicate data.
Sharing of Data
In a database, the users of the database can share the data among themselves. There are
various levels of authorization to access the data, and consequently the data can only be
shared based with the authorized users
Data Integrity
Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database. Data Integrity is
very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS.
Data Security
Data Security is an important concept in a database. Only authorized users should be allowed
to access the database and their identity should be authenticated using a username and
password.
Privacy

The privacy rule in a database states that only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints
Backup and Recovery
Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The users
don't need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS.
Data Consistency
Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. The users
don't need to backup data periodically because this is taken care of by the DBMS.
Ques: Write some key features of Database.

Ans: There are some key features of a database:
1. A database can have one or many tables.
2. Each table in a database contains information about one type of item. So, a database is a
container that holds tables and other objects and manages how they can be used.
3. When creating a database an important feature is record uniqueness in every table.
Uniqueness helps to avoid accidental duplication of records caused by user or computer
error. This can be achieved by using some number or value that uniquely identifies a
record. Therefore, every table has a key field which ensures that there are 100% unique
values throughout the database.
4. Every database table should have one or more fields designated as key. You can assign a
unique value to this key for differentiating records that may have similar names or
addresses.
Ques: Define Primary key, Composite key, Foreign Key.

Ans: A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table. Primary Keys are also
indexed in the database, making it faster for the database to search for a record.
When primary key constraint is applied on one or more columns then it is known as
Composite Primary Key.
Foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in one (referencing) table that refers to a
column or set of columns in another (referenced) table.
Ques: Define RDBMS.

Ans: A relational database is a type of database. It uses a structure that allows us to identify
and access data in relation to another piece of data in the database. Often, data in a relational
database is organized into tables.
A relational database is a collective set of multiple data sets organized by tables, records and
columns. Relational database establish a well-defined relationship between database tables.
Tables communicate and share information, which facilitates data searcheability,
organization and reporting. A Relational database use Structured Query Language (SQL),
which is a standard user application that provides an easy programming interface for database
interaction
CREATE AND EDIT TABLES USING WIZARD & SQL COMMANDS
Ques: What are Database objects?

Ans: Tables:

A table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of vertical columns
(which are identified by their name) and horizontal rows. A table has a defined number of
columns, but can have any number of rows. Each row is identified by the values appearing in
a particular column identified as a unique key index or the key field.
Columns or Fields or Attributes:
A column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table.
The columns provide the structure according to which the rows are composed. For example,
FirstName, or cLastName are fields in a row.
Rows or Records or Tuples:
A row also called a Record or Tuple represents a single, data item in a table. In simple
terms, a database table can be visualized as consisting of rows and columns or fields. Each
row in a table represents a set of related data, and every row in the table has the same
structure.
Ques: How to create database in Apache OpenOffice base?

Ans: CREATING DATABASE USING OPENOFFICE
 To open OpenOffice, click Start>Programs>OpenOffice.org 4 > OpenOffice.org.
Alternatively, you can also double-click on the OpenOffice.org 4 shortcut on the
desktop if available. You should see a Window.
 Select the option database to open the base application.
 You should be guided through the Database Wizard for creating a database.
 You can create a new database by selecting the option Create a new database.
 You can also open an existing database file that you have already created by selecting
the option Open an existing database file. Click Next. A window will appear
 Click Finish. The Save As dialog box appears as shown below.
 Specify a name for the database in the File name: field and click Save. A window
similar to the one displayed below.
 Click Finish. The Save As dialog box appears. Specify a name for the database in the
File name: field and click Save
Ques: List the different ways to create a Table in Databse.

Ans: There are different ways to create a table:
1. Create table in Design View
2. Use Wizard to Create Table
3. Using SQL query
Ques: Explain Datatypes.

Ans: Datatypes are used to identify which type of data (value) we are going to store in the
database.
Fields themselves can be of different types depending on the data they contain. Data types in
OpenOffice base are broadly classified into five categories listed below.
• Numeric Types
• Alphanumeric Types
• Binary Types
• Date time
• Other Variable types
Numeric Types:

Numeric data types are used for describing numeric values for the field used in the table of a
database. Numeric data types in a database can be used for storing information such as
mobile number, roll number, DOB, true or false statements etc.
Alphanumeric:
Binary Types:
Binary data types are used for storing data in binary formats. Binary data types in a
database can be using for storing photos, music files, etc. In general, files of any
format can be stored using the binary data type. The different types of binary data
types available are listed here
DATE TIME:

Date time data types are used for describing date and time values for the field used in
the table of a database. Date time data types in a database can be used for storing
information such as date of birth, date of admission, date of product sale, etc. The
different types of date time data types available are listed here.
PERFORM OPERATIONS ON TABLE
Ques: How to insert data in a table?

Ans: Inserting Data in The Table
To insert the data in the table, follow the steps:
 Select the table > Double click on it.
 The table will open in Datasheet View in which new data can be inserted and existing
data can be updated or removed.
Ques: How to edit record in a table?

Ans: Editing Records in the Table
To edit the data either click on edit icon or double on the data in the cell of a table and
modifications can be done.
Ques: How to delete record from a table?

Ans: Deleting Records from the Table
To remove the data from the table, follow the steps:
Select the data > right click on selected data > select the Delete option
Ques: How will you set field properties?

Ans: To set the field properties, steps will be followed as:
Select the table > Right click > Select the option Edit > the table Design View window will
open In design view there are different properties of fields according to the data type set for
each field.
Ques: Discuss the various properties of Numeric type data.

Ans: The properties of numeric type data is shown below .
AutoValue – if set to yes then field will get the auto numeric values.
Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to
maximum length.
Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if user don’t provide any value while
entering the values in the table.
Format eg. – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such as
91-222-333.
Ques: Discuss the various properties of Character type data.
Ans: The properties of character type data is shown below
Entry Required – if set to yes then it will be must to insert the value in the field which
means that field cannot be left blank.
Length – By default length of the field is 10 but the size of the field can be set to maximum
length.
Default Value – A default value can be set for a field if users don’t provide any value while
entering the values in the table.
Format example – This property helps to set the format of the data entered in the field such
as 91-222-333.
Ques: Define sorting.

Ans: Sorting means to arrange the data in either ascending order or descending order. Select
the column(s) then click on sort buttons.
Ques: Define Referential Integrity and its uses.

Ans: Referential Integrity
Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a relationship.
In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help of primary key and
foreign key constraints.
Referential integrity helps to avoid:
Adding records to a related table if there is no associated record available in the primary key
table. Changing values in a primary if any dependent records are present in associated
table(s).
Deleting records from a primary key table if there are any matching related records available
in associated table(s).
Ques: Define Relationship and uses of relationship in tables?

Ans: A relationship refers to an association or connection between two or more tables. When
you relate two tables, you don't need to enter the same data in separate tables.
Relationships between tables helps to:
 Save time as there is no need to enter the same data in separate tables.
 Reduce data-entry errors.
 Summarize data from related tables.
Ques: How to create relationship between two Tables?

Ans: You can create a relationship between any two tables by selecting Relationships option
from the Tools menu. Add the tables in amongst which you want to create the relationship.
Select the tables and click on Add button.
Ques: How many types of Relationship are in Tables?

Ans: There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:
1. ONE to ONE
In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns. Example: In the given
tables EMP and DEPT, EMP_ID in EMP table and DEPT_ID in DEPT table are the primary
keys.

2. ONE to MANY OR MANY to ONE
In this relationship, one of the table must have primary key column.
It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of
associated table. Example: In the given tables EMP and DEPT, EMP_ID in EMP table is the
primary key.
3. MANY to MANY
In this relationship, no table has the primary key column.
It signifies that all the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of
associated table.
Example: In the given tables EMP and DEPT, there is no primary key.
Ques: List the different ways to create the relationships between the tables.
Ans: There are two ways to create the relationships between the tables
a. Click on Insert option and select New Relation… option in Relation Design window.
Select the options as required:
b. Drag the primary key column from one table and drop it on the key column of another
table.

Ques: How to remove the relationship between tables?
Ans: Remove the Relationships
The relationships applied on the tables can be removed also with the help of Delete option.
Right Click on the relationship thread and select Delete option.
RETRIEVE DATA USING QUERY

Ques: Define a query.
Ans: Query is to collect specific information from the pool of data. A query helps us join
information from different tables and filter that information. Filtering means that the query
uses criteria you provide to hide some data and present only what you want to see.
Ques: List the different ways to create query.

Ans: a) Create query in design view
b) Use wizard to create query
c) create query in sql view.
Ques: Define Structured Query Language.

Ans: Structured Query languages are computer languages used to make queries into
databases and information systems. Queries are commands that are used to define the data
structure and also to manipulate the data in the database.
Ques: What is the purpose of Select statement?

Ans: A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or
database views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used Data
Manipulation Language(DML) command.
The SELECT statement has many optional clauses:
 WHERE specifies which rows to retrieve.
 ORDER BY specifies an order in which to return the rows.
To retrieve all the columns in a table the syntax is:
SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME>;
Ques: How to execute queries?

Ans: In order to execute queries click on the Queries option available on the left side under
database section, click Create Query in SQL View. A window will appear
Type the query in the above window and execute it by using the F5 function key.
Ques: How to display data of same type of values?

Ans: Grouping of Data
To display the records containing the same type of values “WHERE” clause can be used
with the Select SQL Command.
To get details about the list of students whose favorite color is blue, you can use:
Select * from SDetails where Color=’Blue’;
Ques: Explain Update statement.

Ans:UPDATE statement
Update statement is used for modifying records in a database. The general syntax of the
update statement is as follows:
UPDATE <table_name>
SET <column_name> = value [, column_name = value ...]
[WHERE <condition>];
CREATE FORMS AND REPORTS USING WIZARD
Ques: Define a Form.

Ans: A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is
an interface in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly
in database objects such as tables.
Ques: List the different ways to create a form.

Ans: a) Create form in design view
b) Use wizard to create form
Ques: Define Reports

Ans: A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the
overall work outcome in a clear format. You can create reports in the database.

Unit – 4 WEB APPLICATIONS AND SECURITY
WORKING WITH ACCESSIBILITY OPTIONS
Q1) What do you mean by Computer Accessibility?

Ans. Computer Accessibility refers to the user friendliness of a computer system for all,
regardless of their disability. This is mainly a software issue. However, when a combination
of hardware and software, it enables a person with a disability or impairment to use a
computer. It is known as Assistive Technology. In this session, you will learn about the basic
accessibility options available on your computer.
2) Define any 3 types of impairments.

Ans. Following are the types of impa:irments
 Cognitive impairments and learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, attention deficit
hyperactivity
 disorder (ADHD) or autism.
 Visual impairment such as low-vision, complete or partial blindness, and color
blindness.
 Hearing impairment including deafness.
 Motor or dexterity impairment such as paralysis, cerebral palsy, or carpal tunnel
syndrome and
 repetitive strain injury.
3) What are the steps to Launching Accessibility Options?

Ans. To launch accessibility options in Windows, Click Start > Control Panel > Accessibility
Options.
4) Define the following terms: -
Ans. Sticky Keys is an accessibility feature to help computer users with physical disabilities,
but it is also used by others as a means to reduce repetitive strain.
Sticky Keys allows the user to press and release a modifier key, such as Shift, Ctrl, Alt, or the
Windows key, and have it remained active until any other key is pressed.
Filter Keys is a feature of Microsoft Windows. It is an accessibility function that tells the
keyboard to ignore brief or repeated keystrokes, making typing easier for people with hand
tremors.
ToggleKeys is also a feature of Microsoft Windows. It is an accessibility function which is
designed for people who have vision impairment or cognitive disabilities. When ToggleKeys
is turned on, computer emits sound cues when the locking keys (Caps Lock, Num Lock, or
Scroll Lock) are pressed. A high sound is emitted when the keys are switched on and a low
sound is emitted when they are switched off.
Sound Sentry is designed to help users with auditory impairments. Sound Sentry generates
visual warnings, such as a blinking title bar or a flashing border, whenever the computer
generates a sound.
Mouse Keys is an accessibility feature that assists people who have difficulty using a mouse.
This option uses the keyboard (especially numeric keypad) as a pointing device instead of a
mouse. Select the Mouse Tab, a window to configure accessibility options for mouse will be
displayed

Serial Keys is an accessibility feature that assists people that have difficulty using a keyboard
or a mouse (or both). They can use special devices such as Sip, Puff and Breath Switches to
provide input to the computer through Serial Ports.
For example, sipping on the tube activates one device, while puffing on the same tube
activates another.
Fill in the blanks
1. The option in Microsoft Windows XP used for helping users with physical disabilities and
to reduce repetitive strain is Sticky Keys.
2. Sound Sentry is designed to help users with auditory impairments.
3. The High Contrast option in Microsoft Windows XP is designed to assist people with
vision impairments.
4. Serial Keys is designed to assist people that have difficulty using a keyboard or a mouse.
NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
Q1) What do you mean by Network?
Ans. A computer network is a collection of computers and other hardware components
interconnected by communication channels (cables or satellites) that allow sharing of
resources and information.
Q2) Explain P2P Architecture and how it is different from Client Server Architecture?
Ans. Networks in which all computers have an equal status are called peer to peer networks.
Generally, in such a network each terminal has an equally competent CPU.
Networks in which certain computers have special dedicated tasks, providing services to
other computers (in the network) are called client server networks. The computer(s) which
provide services are called servers and the ones that use these services are called clients.
Q3) Give any three advantages of networking.
Ans. Advantages of Networking are:
 Data Sharing: One of the most important uses of networking is to allow the sharing
of data.
 Files Transfer: Users can send text files, spread sheets, documents, presentations,
audio files, video files, etc. to other users.
 Hardware Sharing: Hardware components such as printers, scanners, etc. can also
be shared. For example, instead of purchasing 10 printers for each user, one printer
can be purchased and shared among multiple users thus saving cost.
 Internet Access Sharing: You can purchase a single Internet connection and share it
among other computers in a network instead of purchasing multiple Internet
connection for each computer. This is very commonly found in Internet café
(browsing centres),schools, colleges, companies etc.
 Usage of network-based applications: Such as web browsers, email clients, chat
application, audio & video calling, etc. is another advantage.
Q4) Explain the term packet with reference to data transfer.

Ans. The data is broken up into bits of same sized pieces called packets.
5) Explain Wifi and its significance.

Ans. Wi-Fi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device such as computers or
mobile phones to exchange data wirelessly over a network, including high-speed Internet
connections. WiFi devices such as personal computer, smartphones, video game console, etc.

can connect to a network resource such as Internet through a device called the Wireless
Access Point (WAP).
Wi-Fi is used where cables cannot be run (such as old buildings, outdoor areas) to provide
network and Internet access. Wi-Fi can also be used where users require mobile connectivity.
Q6) Compare LAN with WAN

Ans. A local area network (LAN) is one which connects computers and devices in a limited
geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely
positioned group of buildings.
Usually, local area networks offer very high speeds and are used for connecting computers
and peripherals such as printers, scanners, etc.
A wide area network (WAN) is one which covers a broad area (i.e., any network that links
across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). The Internet is the most popular WAN,
and is used by businesses, governments, non-profit organizations, individual consumers,
artists, entertainers, and many others.
Q7) Expand the following terms:

Ans. a. DSL: Digital subscriber line (DSL) provide Internet access by transmitting digital
data over wires of a local telephone network. DSL service is delivered along with wired
telephone service on the same telephone line. On the customer premises, a DSL filter
removes the high frequency interference, enabling simultaneous use of the telephone and data
transmission. For using a DSL connection, you need a DSL modem and a subscription.
b. ISP: Internet service provider (ISP), company that provides Internet connections and
services to individuals and organizations. In addition to providing access to the Internet, ISPs
may also provide software packages (such as browsers), e-mail accounts, and a personal Web
site or home page.
Or
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing,
using, or participating in the Internet. Internet service providers can be organised in various
forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
Or
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization which provides you with access to the
Internet via a dial-up (using modem) or direct (hard wired) or wireless connection.
Choosing connectivity depends on the availability of a particular technology, speed and
connection type in your area. Usually small and medium business users, home users use
connectivity types such as DSL, cable modem, dial-up, broadband wireless, WiMAX or 3G.
Medium to large business users or customers with more demanding requirements may use
high speed connectivity such as DSL (High Speed), ISDN, etc.
c. Modem: Á modem is a device that converts digital computer signals into a form (analog
signals) that can travel over phone lines. It also re-converts the analog signals back into
digital signals. The word modem is derived from its function Modulator/Demodulator.
d. www: World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web), is
a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser,
one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia, and
navigate between them via hyperlinks.
e. WiMAX: WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless
communications standard designed to provide mobile broadband connectivity across cities
and countries through a variety of devices. WiMAX is a long-range system, covering many
kilometres and is typically used where DSL or Cable Internet Access cannot be used; this

could be difficulty in laying out cables for home or offices located in remote locations but
need access to the Internet.
f. Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public
switched telephone network (PSTN) to establish a connection to an Internet service provider
(ISP) via telephone lines using a device called MODEM. Users dial a particular number
provided by the ISP and gain access to the Internet.
Dial-up connections are extremely slow and, in most cases, it is replaced by a high-speed
connection such as DSL or Cable Modem.
g. 3G, short for 3rd Generation is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile
telecommunication services and networks. High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is
3G mobile telephony communications protocol that allows higher data transfer speeds and
capacity.
If support for 3G is available on your mobile phone, you can subscribe to the 3G connectivity
with your ISP in order to get high speed Internet connection on your phone.
8) What are the steps to data transfer to the internet?
Ans. The steps to data transfer are:
 Each packet is sent from computer to computer until it finds its destination. Each
computer on the way decides where next to send the packet. All packets may not take
the same route.
 At the destination, the packets are examined. If any packets are missing or damaged, a
message is sent asking for them to be re-sent. This continues until all packets have
been received intact.
 The packets are now reassembled into their original form. All this done in seconds.
INTRODUCTION TO INSTANT MESSAGING
Q1) What do you mean by IM?

Ans.Instant messaging (IM) is a form of communication over the Internet that offers an
instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver. Most instant
messaging software include the option for performing file transfers, audio chat, video calling
and conferencing, sharing desktops, etc.
Q2) What are the Key Features of an instant messaging?

Ans. Key Features of an instant messaging are:
 Text Messages can be sent to one or more person (Similar to SMS)
 Audio calling and conferencing.
 Video calling and conferencing.
 File transfers (Not limited to documents, spread sheets, audio files, video files, etc.)
 Message history (Save messages for future reference).
Q3) Define Application based and Web Based IM.

Ans. Application based instant messaging software is downloaded and installed on user’s
computer. Some of the popular instant messaging software are:
 Google Talk
 Yahoo! Messenger
 Skype
 Windows Live Messenger
 Rediff Bol, etc.

Web based instant messaging software is accessed using browsers such as Internet Explorer,
Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, etc. Some of the popular web based instant messaging
software are:
 Meebo
 Yahoo! Messenger for the Web
 MSN Web Messenger
 IMO, etc.
CHATTING WITH A CONTACT – GOOGLE TALK

Q1) State any 03 rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting on the Internet.
Ans. There are some general rules and etiquettes to be followed while chatting. They are
almost the same as those that apply for emails.
 Messages should be short and to the point.
 Always introduce yourself by name if your screen name doesn’t reflect it.
 Always ask if the other person has time to chat first - regardless of how important you
think what you have to say is, it’s not going to be well received if the recipient is
busy.
 In a business environment, know exactly what you want to discuss.
 Typing your messages in uppercase is extremely rude - it’s considered shouting and
very
aggressive.
 Give people time to respond - Multiple questions sent to a recipient before they’ve
had a chance to answer can seem more like an interrogation rather than a
conversation.
 Wherever possible, give the person you are communicating with your undivided
attention. It’s not just a sign of respect, but if you have multiple conversations
happening or are allowing other
 issues to distract you, you may miss an important point in the other person’s messages
or lose the gist of the conversation.
 It’s important to properly end an IM conversation - you may think the chat is over, but
the other person may not. While you’re off doing other things, they may be sitting
there staring at the screen waiting for further communication from you.
Q2) What are the basic requirements to use instant messaging (chat) software?
Ans.
• Instant messaging account (Yahoo/Google/MSN etc.)
• Instant Messaging Software/App or Web Browser to access IM services.
• Good Internet Connection.
CREATING AND PUBLISHING WEB PAGES - BLOG

Q1) Explain the purpose of a blog.
Ans. A blog is a discussion style site used by non-technical (or technical users) users for
creating
personal web pages. Blogs are similar to an online personal diary and simple to use.
You can use a blog to convey messages about events, announcements, news, reviews, etc.
Blogs
are usually managed using a web browser and this requires active internet connection. You
can

also use offline blog software to create content first and later publish the content when an
active
internet connection is available.
Q2) List any 5 websites that provide blog service.

Ans. • www.WordPress.com
• www.blogger.com
• www.blog.com
• www.weebly.com
• www.blogsome.com
Q3) Difference between web page and website.

Ans. A webpage is a smaller part of any website having content and links to other webpages.
On the contrary, a website is a platform that contains various webpages addressed to certain
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators).
Each website includes a unique domain address, and all the webpages are linked under a
particular domain, which means webpages are dependent on the domain. On the other side,
the website does not depend on any of its web pages. It keeps on working even after if certain
webpages are deleted.
A webpage usually includes the extension in its URL, such as .html, .php, .aspx,.htm, etc.
Besides, the website address is free from any such extension.
A website is simply a place that allows developers to display the contents and attach
hyperlinks. On the other hand, a web page is a content or a document itself that is to be
displayed on the website.
4) What do you mean by publishing a post?
Ans. To submit (content) online, as to a message board or blog to a Blog Website.
USING OFFLINE BLOG EDITORS
Q1) Explain the purpose of an offline blog editor

Ans. If you do not have an active internet connection, you can create blogs using a blog
application and publish the blog whenever internet connectivity is available.
There are several free offline blog editors available that can be downloaded and installed on
the
local computer such as:
 Qumana
 Windows Live Writer
 Blogdesk
ONLINE TRANSACTIONS
Q1) Explain the purpose of Online transactions.
Ans. Online transaction is a payment method in which the transfer of fund or money happens
online over electronic fund transfer. Online transaction process (OLTP) is secure and
password protected. Three steps involved in the online transaction are Registration, Placing
an order, and, Payment.

Q2) Explain Online Shopping.
Ans. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where customers can buy or sell
goods over the Internet. Customers need to have an active internet connection for viewing
goods or services offered by a seller; customers can pay online using a credit, debit card or by
internet banking.
3) List any five websites that allow online transactions.
Ans. • IRCTC, an online portal for booking flight and train tickets.
• Flipkart, an online shopping portal for buying consumer products.
• EBay, an online portal for buying and selling goods.
• Redbus, an online portal for booking bus tickets
4) When online shopping could be useful? / Give any two benefits of online transactions.
Ans. • A customer does not have sufficient time to visit stores.
• Visiting a store is more expensive than purchasing a product online.
• A product or service that is not available in the local market is available online.
5) List any three payment tools to use online transactions.

Ans. • Net banking
• UPI (Paytm, Amazon Pay, Google Pay, Phone Pay, etc)
• Debt Card
• Credit Card
INTERNET SECURITY
Q1) Explain the purpose of Internet Security.

Ans. Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet,
often involving browser security but also network security. Its objective is to establish rules
and measures to use against attacks over the Internet. The Internet represents an insecure
channel for exchanging information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as
phishing. This session introduces you to Internet security concepts and how to secure online
and network transactions.
Q2) Explain different kinds of online threats.

Ans. Online threats such as Phishing, email spoofing, chat spoofing, etc. can increase the
chances of users getting compromised.
Web-based threats – or online threats – are malware programs that can target you when
you’re using the Internet. These browser-based threats include a range of malicious software
programs that are designed to infect victims’ computers.
A web threat is any threat that uses the World Wide Web to facilitate cybercrime. Web
threats use multiple types of malware and fraud, all of which utilize HTTP or HTTPS
protocols, but may also employ other protocols and components, such as links in email or IM,
or malware attachments or on servers that access the Web. They benefit cybercriminals by
stealing information for subsequent sale and help absorb infected PCs into botnets.
Web threats pose a broad range of risks, including financial damages, identity theft, loss of
confidential information/data, theft of network resources, damaged brand/personal reputation,
and erosion of consumer confidence in e-commerce and online banking.
It is a type of threat related to information technology (IT). The IT risk, i.e., risk affecting has
gained and increasing impact on society due to the spread of IT processes.

Q3) Explain the need to clear data stored in browsers.
Ans. Web browsers have built-in password management designed to store passwords used in
forms on websites. Browsers often prompt to save usernames and passwords when users
attempt to logon to websites.
This facility is offered to users, so that they can logon to their frequently used websites
without having to type the usernames or passwords. However, it is not advisable to leave the
web browser store this data particularly on public or shared computers.
To clear personal data from a web browser such as Mozilla Firefox, launch the browser.
Q4) Explain any five tips to manage strong passwords.

Ans.
 Keep the length of the password at least 12-14 characters if permitted.
 Avoid keeping passwords based on repetition, dictionary words, letter or number
sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, etc.
 Including numbers, and symbols in passwords if allowed.
 Use capital and lower-case letters.
 Avoid using the same password for multiple sites or purposes.
 Avoid using something that the public or workmates know you strongly like or
dislike.
 Use random password generators if possible.
Example of a strong password: u1vX:,4Hd{]$
Q5) Explain any four best practices to secure data.

Ans. The best practices to secure data are:
Use strong passwords, a combination of alphanumeric and special characters could be used
for creating a password that is not so easy to crack or guessed by other users. Do not keep
passwords such as your favorite color, friends or relatives name, bike number, mobile number
either as single or combined option.
Use encryption software: (Usually available within the operating system) to protect your
data from unauthorized users. If encryption software is not available within the operating
system, use a 3rd party software.
Keeping your username and password private: Never save your username or password on
computers that are used in shared environments such as internet café. Browsers may save
your personal data on the local computer that can be used by another user using the same
computer.
Registering with websites: Read the privacy statement or policy whenever you register with a
website, the statement or policy will include information about how the website use personal
data.
Do not share personal information: Websites require you to fill out forms containing fields
such as name, gender, age, email address, school, etc. Be cautious when filling out such
forms; research and verify if it’s a trustable website. Your email addressed could be used by
unauthorized users to send you fake or unwanted emails; think twice or thrice before
providing information to any website and decide if it is really necessary.
Secure transactions: If you are using online shopping or transactions, websites even store
your credit card or online banking personal information such as your credit card number,
account details, etc. This information can be tracked and used by un-authorized users often
known as hackers to misuse this information.
Use antivirus and antispyware software: Computers are prone to attacks from software
known as Malware that could harm your computer. Malware track browsing behaviour or

transmit personal data from your computer; programs such as keyloggers could be installed
on your computer track and transmit every key that is pressed on a keyboard (keystrokes) to
unauthorized users.
Do not immediately respond to mails from unknown users: It may be a fake mail trying to
gather personal information such as your bank account details, home address, etc. Some mails
could promise you jobs or announce lottery results which in turn could compromise the user.
Clear browser cookies frequently: Cookies are programs that are created on your local
computer when you visit websites. Though cookies are meant for storing data based on your
activity performed during your earlier visit such as logon details, details of a shopping cart,
visited pages in a website, etc. they could also be tracked by unauthorized users and possibly
gain access to your personal information.
Keep the operating system and software applications up to date, though operating
systems and applications are designed, tested and distributed, sometimes they may have
security holes through which a hacker can take advantage; they may track and gather
information or even damage the whole computer.
Install firewalls: Firewalls could be software or hardware and can assist in keeping a
computer and a network secure. Firewalls analyze the network traffic and determine if the
traffic should be allowed or not.
Never install software from unknown sources: As they might not be trustworthy;
download only from well-known or reputed websites. Verify the source if it is legitimate by
searching the internet or referring to comments from other users before downloading them;
understand the nature and the purpose of the software before attempting to download and
install them.
Remove unwanted or unknown software applications: These might have got installed
without your knowledge when you have visited some websites. Unwanted software could get
installed as they might have been bundled along with necessary software.
Q6) Explain use of Antivirus and Anti Spyware.

Ans. Use antivirus and antispyware software: Computers are prone to attacks from software
known as Malware that could harm your computer. Malware track browsing behaviour or
transmit personal data from your computer; programs such as keyloggers could be installed
on your computer track and transmit every key that is pressed on a keyboard (keystrokes) to
unauthorized users.
Antivirus and Antispyware programs also offer real-time protection monitoring your
computer for any changes by malware software. Keep your Antivirus and Antispyware
software always up to date, this can help in protecting your computer from recent threats.
Q7) Explain the purpose of Online transactions.

Ans. Online transaction is a payment method in which the transfer of fund or money happens
online over electronic fund transfer. Online transaction process (OLTP) is secure and
password protected. Three steps involved in the online transaction are Registration, Placing
an order, and, Payment.
MAINTAIN WORKPLACE SAFETY

Q1) Enlist any three basic safety rules to follow at workplace.
Ans. Every organization must follow a standard set of safety rules and procedures. These
rules must be stated and displayed clearly at important areas. All the employees must be
given a demonstrations and training to follow safety rules.

Basic safety rules to follow at workplace – Fire safety, Falls and slips, Electrical safety, Use
of first aid.
Timely repairs should be carried out by a competent person/ organization at workplace /
home to avoid/minimize any hazards.
Q2) Give any two basic safety rules for ensuring Falls and Slips safety.
Ans. Falls and Slips Safety rules
 Keep the moving area clean and clutter free.
 Workplace must be proper ventilated receive light.
 Wear non slippery footwear.
 Floors must be clean and dry
 Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned.
Q3) Give any two electrical safety rules in any organization.

Ans. Electrical safety rules
 Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognised organization.
 Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely
 Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced.
All old and workout and frayed switches and wires should be changed.
 Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.
 Take care that the outlets/ circuits should not be overloaded.
 Switch off and unplug the electrical appliances before cleaning or relocating
them.
Q4) Explain any two first aid rules.
Ans. Some rules of First Aid are:
 Assure the injured to remain calm and not to panic
 Keep them warm if they are under shock
 Do not move the victim in case of back/neck injury
Q5) What do you mean by occupational hazards?

Ans. A worker may face Occupational hazards at workplace.: An occupational hazard is the
illness one may acquire due to his occupation. Like people working in a chemical factory
may get affected due to presence of certain chemicals.
Q6) List any three types of occupational hazards.

Ans. Some types of occupational hazards are: Physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological
hazards, behavioural hazards, radiological hazards, ergonomic hazards etc.
PREVENT ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES

Q1) Explain the terms accident and emergency.
Ans. Accident: an accident is an unplanned event that may happen all of a sudden and may
lead to unwanted or unprecedented results/outcomes.
Or
It can be defined as an unfortunate incident that occurs unintentionally causing hazardous
result or injury or unwanted results.
Any unexpected situation that needs immediate attention and action.
An emergency situation might pose a sudden risk to life, property health etc. and needs
intervention to prevent deteriorating results/ hazards.
An emergency situation is one that:
● threatens the employees, customers or the public
● disrupts or shuts down the operations
● causes physical or environmental damage
Q2) Enlist any four types of accidents.

Ans. Accidents may be of following types:
 Accidents at workplace: Slips and fall accidents, fire
 Industrial disease/illness
 Road traffic accidents
 Clinical Accidents
 Sports related accidents
Q3) Give any three situations of emergency that require evacuation.
Ans.Some of the types of emergencies that require evacuation are:
● Fire ● Explosion
● Floods ● Earthquake
● Hurricane ● Tornado
● Toxic material release ● Civil disturbance
● Workplace violence
Q4) Give any two ways to handle accidents.

Ans. Accidents must be handled carefully. The accident should be handled compassionately
without assigning blame on others.
 Every organization must follow SOP for accident handling
 Safety measures must be placed to prevent workplace accidents
 Immediately call the medical team for any injury
 Stay alert
 Pay attention to and follow emergency drills
PROTECT HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

Q1) Explain the term ‘Evacuation Policy’
Ans. An evacuation policy: Every organization must have an evacuation policy. All the Team
Leaders are responsible for informing about the policy to their employees about it. Proper
attention must be paid when the Team Leader is informing you about these details.
Negligence at this time may cost lives.
Q2) List any 3 types of hazards.
Ans. Hazards can be of different types depending on the industry and the environment in
which the employees work. The different types of hazards include:
● Physical ● Chemical
● Biological ● Mechanical
Q3) Give the checklist for workstations to minimize the hazards.

Ans. Checklist for Workstations: The workstation should:
● provide sufficient space for the user to alter position comfortably
● provide adequate lighting
● have windows fitted with adjustable coverings to alter the sunlight level
● be spacious enough when a workstation is shared by more than one person
Q4) Explain Buddy System to implement evacuation efficiently in case of emergency

Ans. A ‘buddy system’ for individuals with special needs or disabilities must be designated.
This system ensures that differently-abled are assisted and guided out of the premises or the
impacted area properly. If you are a buddy to someone, ensure that your buddy is safe at the
assembly point with you.
Q5) Explain the terms Floor Plans and Assembly /areas.

Ans. Floor plans with evacuation routes in work areas. Ensure that you understand these so
you can use it in time of need.
Assembly areas, where you are required to assemble after evacuation, must be properly taken
care of.
Q6) Describe the importance of periodic evacuation drills.

Ans. Periodic evacuation drills should be conducted. Ensure that you pay attention during
these drills. You need to save your life and you can be helpful in saving someone else’s life
too.
Q7) Explain importance of a healthy lifestyle.

Ans. ‘A healthy body has a healthy mind’ - a very popular saying is true.
‘Healthy Lifestyle leads to a healthy being. A healthy living has a lasting impact on an
individual which ultimately yields a healthy environment at home as well as at work place. a
happy and healthy worker will always perform best to his ability.
A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve people’s health and well-being.
Q8) Give any four points of a healthy lifestyle

Ans. A healthy lifestyle includes:
 healthy eating habits - physical activities
 stress management - healthy mind
 sound sleep - goal setting

Part A: Employability Skills
1. Communication Skills
Methods of Communication
Q1) Define Important parts of communications.
Ans. Important parts of communication are:
Transmitting: The sender transmits the message through one medium or another.
Listening: The receiver listens or understands the message.
Feedback: The receiver conveys their understanding of the message to the sender in the form
of feedback to complete the communication cycle.
Q2) Define any 4 elements of communications.

Ans. Elements of communication are:
Sender: the person beginning the communication.
Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.
Channel: the means by which the information is sent.
Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent.
Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message.
Q3) Define any 2 methods of communication.

Ans. Methods of communication are:
Face-to-face informal communication: There is nothing better than face-to-face
communication. It helps the message to be understood clearly and quickly. Also, since body
language can be seen in this case; it adds to the effectiveness of the communication.
Email: E-mail can be used to communicate quickly with one or many individuals in various
locations. It offers flexibility, convenience and low-cost.
Notices/Posters: It is effective when the same message has to go out to a large group of
people. Generally used for where email communication may not be effective. For example,
‘Change in the lunch time for factory worker,’ or ‘XYZ Clothing will remain closed for
customers on Sunday.’
Business Meetings: Communication during business meetings at an organisation are
generally addressed to a group of people. It can be related to business, management and
organisational decisions.
Other Methods: There can be various other methods like social networks, message, phone
call for communication, newsletter, blog, etc.
Q4) How can you choose right method of communication?
Ans.Choosing the right method of communication depends on

 target audience
 costs
 kind/type of information
 urgency/priority
Verbal Communication
Q1) What do you mean by verbal communication? Explain any 2.
Ans. Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language, and speech. Speaking is one
of the most effective and commonly used way of communicating. It helps in expressing our
emotions in words. By improving your verbal communication skills, you will build rapport,
and have a better connect.
• Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication takes place between
two individuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation. It can be formal or informal.
Examples
1. A manager discussing the performance with an employee.
2. Two friends discussing homework.
3. Two people talking to each other over phone or video call. The sender transmits the
message through one medium or another.
• Written Communication: This form of communication involves writing words. It
can be letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social media chats, etc. It can be
between two or more people.
Examples
1. A manager writing an appreciation e-mail to an employee.
2. Writing a letter to grandmother enquiring about health.
• Small Group Communication: This type of communication takes place when there
are more than two people involved. Each participant can interact and converse with
the rest.
Examples
1. Press conferences
2. Board meetings
3. Team meetings
• Public Communication: This type of communication takes place when one
individual address a large gathering.
Examples
1. Election campaigns
2. Public speeches by dignitaries
Q2) What are the advantages & Disadvantages of Verbal Communication?

Ans.
Advantages: It is an easy mode of communication in which you can exchange ideas by
saying what you want and get a quick response. Verbal communication also enables you to
keep changing your interaction as per the other person’s response.
Disadvantages: Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken words,
sometimes the meanings can be confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are
not used.
Q3) How can you be a Good Communicator?

Non-Verbal Communication
Q1) What do you mean by Non-Verbal communication? Explain any 2.
Ans. Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information or messages

without using any spoken or written word. In other words, we send signals and messages to
others, through expressions, gestures, postures, touch, space, eye contact and para language.
Q2) Define importance of Non-verbal Communication.

 55% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
 38% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
 only 7% communication is done using words.
 Our message becomes more effective if we use the right gestures while
communicating.
 If we know about non-verbal communication, we can understand our audience’
reaction and adjust our interaction accordingly.
 Using the right gestures and postures is a sign of professionalism and etiquette.
 If verbal messages are obstructed by noise or distance, etc., we can use our hand
movements to exchange messages. For example, placing a finger on the lips indicates
the need for silence while nodding the head is the same as saying ‘yes’.
Q3) Define any 2 types of Non-Verbal communications.

Q4) What do you mean by Visual Communication? Explain with example.
Visual communication proves to be effective since it involves interchanging messages
only through images or pictures and therefore, you do not need to know any particular
language for understanding it. It is simple and remains consistent across different places.
Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback

Q1) What do you mean by Feedback?
Ans. Feedback is an important part of the communication cycle. For effective

communication, it is important that the sender receives an acknowledgement from the
receiver about getting the message across. While a sender sends information, the receiver
provides feedback on the received message.
Translated to the work environment, when you observe someone perform their work and
then, communicate with them to help improve their performances, you are giving feedback.
Feedback can be positive or negative. A good feedback is always
 specific
 helpful
 kind
Q2) Define any 2 types of feedback.
Positive Feedback:
• I noticed you finished the work perfectly. Great job!
• I really appreciate you taking that call. Can you please also share the details?

Negative Feedback
• You keep forgetting to smile at the hotel guests when you talk to them.
• You take really long to reply to e-mails! Are you always so busy?
No Feedback
• It is also a feedback in itself which indicates disagreement of ideas.
Q3) What should be a Good feedback?

Ans
 Specific
 Timely
 Polite
 Offering continuing support
Q4) Define importance of feedback.

Ans
 It validates effective listening
 It motivates
 It is always there
 It boosts learning
 It improves performance
Barriers to Effective Communication

Q1) Explain 7Cs of effective Communication/ What is Effective Communication?
Q2) Define any 2 Barriers to Effective Communication.

Ans. Physical Barriers: Not being able to see gestures, posture and general body language
can make communication less effective. For example, text messages are often less effective
than face-to-face communication.
Linguistic Barriers: The inability to communicate using a language is known as language
barrier to communication. misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people. For

example, slang, professional jargon and regional colloquialisms can make communication
difficult.
Interpersonal Barriers: When the sender’s message is received differently from how it was
intended. It is also very difficult to communicate with someone who is not willing to talk or
express their feelings and views. Stage fear, lack of will to communicate, personal differences
can create interpersonal barriers to communication.
Organisational Barriers: Organisations are designed on the basis of formal hierarchical
structures that follow performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures, policies,
behavioural norms, etc. All these affect the free flow of communication in organisations and
therefore, need to be suitably managed. Superior-subordinate relationships in a formal
organisational structure can be a barrier to free flow of communication. Also, sometimes
due to the stringent rules, the employees find it difficult to communicate with their peers too.
Cultural Barriers: People of different cultures are unable to understand each other’s
customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People sometimes make stereotypical
assumptions about others based on their cultural background, this leads to difference in
opinions and can be a major barrier to effective communication.
Q3) What are the ways to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication?

 Use simple language
 Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography
 Try to communicate in person as much as possible
 Use visuals
 Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language
 Be respectful of other’s opinions
Writing Skills — Parts of Speech

Q1) Define Capitalisation Rules.
Q2) What do you mean by punctuation? Explain any 2 punctuation marks.

Ans.
Q3) Define any 2 part of speech.

Writing Skills — Sentences

Q1) Write two sentences of each type of sentence — statement, question, exclamatory
and order.
Q2) Explain parts of sentence.

Ans.
Subject: Person or thing that performs an action.
Verb: Describes the action.
Object: Person or thing that receives the action.
Q3) Explain Direct & Indirect objects.

Ans

Q4) Define Active & Passive Voice sentences.
Ans. Sentences where the subject does an action are known to be in the Active voice,
whereas sentences in which the subject receives an action are known to be in the Passive
voice.
Q5) Define Paragraph.
Ans. Just as a group of words form a sentence, a group of sentences forms a paragraph.
However, to qualify as a paragraph, all the sentences within it must have a common idea or
theme.
For example, if you are writing about your best friend, the first paragraph can be of sentences
about the name, age, personality, friendship duration and other such
details. In the next paragraph you can use sentences to describe what qualities you like about
your best friend and how valuable your friendship is.
2. Self-management Skills
Stress Management
Q1) What are the skills you must master to succeed in life?
Ans.

 Self-awareness
 Responsibility
 Time Management
 Adaptability
Q2) What is stress?

Ans. Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any
perceived demands or threats. These demands or threats are called stressors. Stressors are the
reason for stress.
For example,
 you are too close to the exams but feel unprepared.
 you are experiencing a loss of someone close in the family.
 you are worried about what people would think of you if you don’t dress well or
cannot speak confidently.
 you are stressed due to lack of sleep.
Q3) Define ABC of stress management.
Ans. A. Adversity or the stressful event

B. Beliefs or the way you respond to the event
C. Consequences or actions and outcomes of the event
Q4) Define benefits of stress management.

 have a joyful life. • focus and complete tasks on time.
 be a happy person as you are stress free.
 be more energetic and spend quality time with your friends and family.
Q5) Define any 2 stress management techniques.

Ans. Stress management techniques are:
• Time management
• Physical exercise and fresh air
• Healthy diet
• Positivity
• Organising academic life; no delaying
• Sleep
• Holidays with family and friends
Q6) Discuss the features of - Ability to Work Independently.

Ans. The features of Ability to Work Independently are
1. becoming self-aware, self-monitoring and self-correcting.
2. knowing what you need to do.
3. taking the initiative rather than being told what to do.
4. recognising your mistakes and not blaming others.
5. having the ability and the will to learn continuously.
Q7) What are the essentials to manage emotional intelligence?

Ans. To manage emotional intelligence following are essential:
 Understand your emotions
 Rationalise
 Practise
Q8) Define Emotional intelligence.

Ans. Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage one’s own emotions, as well
as the emotions of others. It is generally said to include at least three skills
 Emotional awareness
 Harnessing emotions
 Managing emotions
Self-awareness — Strength and Weakness Analysis
Q1) Define term “ Knowing yourself”

Ans. Understanding who you are, what you like or dislike, what are your beliefs, what are
your opinions, what is your background, what you do well and what you do not do well is
important because only then can you actually measure your strengths and weaknesses.
Q2) What are the techniques to identify the strengths (or ability)?
Ans. The techniques to identify the strengths
 Think of anything that you are always successful at.
 Think about what others like in you.
 Take out time and think about what you do well.
Q3) What are the techniques to identify the weakness?

Ans.
 Point out the areas where you struggle and the things you find difficult to do.
 Look at the feedback others usually give you.
 Be open to feedback and accept your weaknesses without feeling low about it. Take it
as
 an area of improvement
Q4) What is the difference between interest and ability?
Sr. Interest Ability
1 Things that you like to do in your free time that An acquired or natural capacity
make you happy.
2 Things you are curious about or would do even if no Enable you to perform a
one asked you to do it. particular job or task with
considerable proficiency.
3 Things you want to learn or would like to do in the
future.
Self-Motivation
Q1) Define term “ Self-Motivation”

Ans. Self-motivation is simply the force within you that drives you to do things. Self-
motivation is what pushes us to achieve our goals, feel happy and improve our quality of life.
In other words, it is our ability to do the things that need to be done without someone or
something influencing us.
Q2) Explain types of motivation.

Ans. Internal Motivation: LOVE
We do things because they make us happy, healthy and feel good. For example, when you
perform on your annual day function and you learn something new, such as dancing, singing,
etc., you feel good.
External Motivation: REWARD
We do things because they give us respect, recognition and appreciation. For example, Suresh
participated in a 100m race and won a prize. This motivated him to go for practice every
morning.
Self-regulation — Goal Setting

Q1) How to Set Goals?
Ans.
Specific: A specific and clear goal answers six questions. Who is involved in the goal? What
do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start and finish? Which means do I use? Why
am I doing this?
Measureable: A measureable goal answers the questions “How much?”, “How many?” and
“How do I know that I have achieved results?”
Achievable: Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make the goal achievable.
Realistic : A realistic goal would be something that we want to achieve and can work
towards.
Time bound: A SMART goal should have a timeframe by when the goal needs to be
achieved. This encourages us to take actions to completely fulfill the goals.

Self-regulation — Time Management
Q1) What are the steps for Effective Time Management?

Ans. For effective management the essentials are :
 Organise
 Pritortise
 Control
 Track
Q2) What are Tips for Practicing the Four Steps for Effective Time Management
Ans.
 Avoid delay or postponing any planned activity
 Organise your room and school desk
 Develop a ‘NO DISTURBANCE ZONE’, where you can sit and complete important
tasks
 Use waiting time productively
 Prepare a ‘To-do’ list
 Prioritise
 Replace useless activities with productive activities
3. Information and Communication Technology Skills

Basic Computer Operations
Q1) What Basic Functions performed when a computer starts?
Ans. A computer automatically runs a basic program called BIOS (Basic Input/Output
System) as soon as it is switched on or the power button is pushed on. The BIOS first does a
self-test. If the self-test shows that the system is fine, the BIOS will load the Operating
System. This means that the computer’s operating system, for example, Ubuntu, is now ready
to take user inputs.
Q2) Define the mouse functions.
Ans. The functions of a mouse are:
 Roll Over or Hover
 Point and Click
 Drag and Drop
 Double-click
Q3) Define some keyboard keys.

Ans. Keyboard keys are:
(a) Control keys: Keys, such as Control (CTRL), SHIFT, SPACEBAR, ALT, CAPS LOCK
etc.
(b) Enter key: The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending on the
brand of computer that you are using. You use the ENTER or the RETURN key to move
the cursor to the beginning of a new line.
(c) Punctuation key: Punctuation keys include keys for punctuation marks, colon (:),
semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation mark (‘ ’) and double quotation marks
(“ ”).
(d) Navigation keys: Keys, such as the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, and PAGE
DOWN are navigation keys.
(e) Command keys: Keys, such as INSERT (INS), DELETE (DEL), and BACKSPACE are
command keys. When the INSERT key is turned ON, it helps you overwrite characters to
the right of the cursor.
(f) Windows key: Pressing this key opens the Start menu
Performing Basic File Operations

Q1) What do you mean by File?
Ans. All information stored in a computer is kept in files. Different types of files store
different types of information. Each file is given a file name and has a file name extension
that identifies the file type. The file name and file name extension are separated by a period
or a ‘dot’.
Q2) What are the steps to create a Folder?

Ans: The steps to create folder are :
 Right Click on the desktop empty area
 Click on new option and then Folder Option.
Computer Care and Maintenance
Q1) Define some basic tips of taking care of devices.

 Keeping a Device Clean
 Prepare a Maintenance Schedule
 Backup Your Data
 Scanning and Cleaning Viruses
 Increasing Computer Performance
 Removing SPAM from your Computer
Computer Security and Privacy

Q1) Define any 2 threats to computer.
Ans. (a) Theft: Physical, Identity, Software Piracy,
(b) Virus; Worms, Trojan Horse, Online Predator, Internet Scam.
Q2) What are the ways to protect your data?

Ans. (a) Use passwords to login to your computer
(b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall
(c) Encrypt Data
(d) Secure sites
4. Entrepreneurial Skills
Entrepreneurship and Society
Q1) What are the qualities of a successful entrepreneur?

Ans. Qualities of a successful entrepreneur are:
 They are confident. They believe in themselves and their abilities.
 They keep trying new ideas in their business.
 They are patient.
 They are creative and think differently about business ideas.
 They take responsibility for their actions.
 They take decisions after thinking about them.
 They do not give up when they face a difficulty.
Q2) Define Wage Employed and Self Employed.

Ans. Wage employed people are people who work for a person or an organization and get
paid
for that work. Self-employed people are those who start businesses to satisfy the needs of
people. A self-employed person who is always trying to make his/her business better by
taking risks and trying new ideas is an entrepreneur.
Q3) How entrepreneurs help in growing the area and society they live in?
Ans. An entrepreneur help in growing the area and society in following ways:
 Fulfil Customer Needs
 Use Local Materials
 Help Society
 Create Jobs
 Sharing of Wealth
 Lower Price of Products
Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur

Q1) Define functions of an entrepreneur.
Myths about Entrepreneurship

Q1) Define any 2 myths about entrepreneurship.
 The misconception is that every business idea needs to be unique or special.

 The misconception we have is that a person needs a lot of money to start a business.
 A misconception we have is that only a person having a big business is an
entrepreneur.
 A misconception we have is that entrepreneurs are born, not made.
Entrepreneurship as a Career Option

Q1) Define career process.
Ans.
5. Green Skills
Sustainable Development
Q1) What is Sustainable Development?
Ans. Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present
without compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between
economic growth, care for the environment and social well-being.
 Eliminate Poverty
 Erase Hunger
 Establish Good Health and Well-Being
 Provide Quality Education
 Enforce Gender Equality
 Improve Clean Water and Sanitation
 Grow Affordable and Clean Energy
 Create Decent Work and Economic Growth
 Increase Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
 Reduce Inequality
 Mobilize Sustainable Cities and Communities

 Influence Responsible Consumption and Production
 Organize Climate Action
 Develop Life Below Water
 Advance Life on Land
 Guarantee Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
 Build Partnerships for the Goals
Q2) Explain 3 problems related to Sustainable Development.

Ans. Problems related to Sustainable Development are:
(a) Food: The amount of rich, fertile land needed to grow crops, such as wheat, rice, etc., is
becoming less as we are using up more and more land for other purposes. Soil nutrients are
also getting depleted and lots of chemicals are spoiling the soil due to use of chemical
fertilisers.
(b) Water: We use fresh water from rivers and ponds for drinking and cleaning but dump
garbage into them. The rivers and ponds are getting polluted. This way after several years, we
will have no clean water for our use.
(c) Fuel: We are using a lot of wood from trees as fuels and for construction of homes and
furniture. As more and more trees are being cut, it is affecting the climate of the place.
Extreme weather conditions, such as floods, extreme cold or heat, are seen in many places,
which affect the people living there.
Q3) What are the areas of Sustainable Development?

Ans. The areas of Sustainable Development are:
 reducing excessive use of resources and enhancing resource conservation;
 recycling and reuse of waste materials;
 scientific management of renewable resources, especially bio-resources;
 planting more trees;
 green grassy patches and trees to be interspersed between concrete buildings;
 using more environment friendly material or biodegradable material and
 use of technologies, which are environmentally friendly and based on efficient use of
resources.
Q4) Explain any sustainable development initiatives.

Ans. When plastics were banned by the municipal corporation of Mangalore, an innovator
and entrepreneur Mr Avasth Hedge found an eco-friendly alternative. He made a 100 per cent
bio-degradable bag which can dissolve in hot water and decompose in natural environment.
This is now being used in many countries and is going to help the environment. Another
innovative idea was to stop the use of plastics spoons, forks, etc. Narayana Peesapaty made
edible cutlery made out of a grain — these spoons can be eaten and even if they are not eaten,
they will easily decompose in the soil enriching it
Our Role in Sustainable Development
Q1) What are our roles in Quality Education?

Ans. Education is the most important factors for sustainable development. Children who have
gone to school will be able to do jobs so that they can take care of themselves and their
families. Education helps us become aware of our role as a responsible citizen. We should
1. use the facilities present in our areas.

2. take our friends to school.
3. help friends’ study.
4. stop friends from dropping out of school.
Q2) What are our roles in Responsible Consumers and Producers?

Ans. We can become responsible about our own environment by
1. reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc.
2. taking cloth bags to market carrying fruits and vegetables.
3. donate things we do not use such as clothes, books, furniture, food, etc.
4. Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers.
5. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.
6. Sort and treat garbage before disposing.
Clean Water and Sanitation: We must make efforts to make India free of open defecation
by building toilets and creating awareness towards sanitation. Industrial pollution is polluting
our water resources, which in near future will cause scarcity of clean drinking and usable
water. We must take measurable steps by promoting awareness to keep water sources clean.
Affordable and Clean Energy: Using solar power i.e., power generated using the sun does
not cause pollution as it does not require burning of non-renewable fuels, such as coal. We
are making efforts to increase the solar power generation so that our electricity needs are met
and at the same time we do not pollute the environment or use up natural resources. Use of
biogas is also an eco-friendly alternative to natural gas.
Reduced Inequalities: To reduce inequalities we can
1. be helpful to one another.
2. be friendly with everyone.
3. include everyone while working or playing.
4. help others by including everyone whether they are small or big, girl or boy, belong
to any class or caste.

Question Bank
Unit I Digital Documentation
1. What are the advantages of using styles in OpenOffice Writer? Name all styles
2. What are character styles and how are these different from Paragraph styles?
3. How is fill format used for applying styles?
4. How can you insert image in a document. Write steps to do so
5. How is resizing an image different from cropping
6. What is the use of grouping objects? Write steps to group and ungroup objects I the
document
7. What is wrap text around image?
8. Which toolbar is used to insert objects and which toolbar is used to change properties
of object
9. Which properties of Image can be changed
10. Which properties of objects can be changed
11. Name all filter effects which can be applied on an image
12. How can you make an image as watermark
13. Define a template, what are the advantages of template in OpenOffice Writer.
14. Write steps to create a new template in Writer
15. What is a Table of Contents? How is it useful?
16. Is hierarchy of headings related to TOC? How?
17. Write steps to create TOC in writer
Unit II Electronic Spreadsheet(Advanced)

1. What is Data Consolidation? Give one example of situation where it can be used.
2. What do you understand by “What-if analysis”? What is its significance.
3. What are the various what-if tools available in Calc?
4. A what-if analysis is described as , “If you are expecting a certain value as a result
from a formula, you can find different sets of input values that produce the desired
result”. Name this what-if tool.
5. Which menu in Calc is used to carry out “What-if analysis”?
6. Which menu in Calc is used to carry out “Data-consolidation”?
7. What do you understand by “Sub-Total” feature of Calc? Explain with example.
8. How is Solver different than Goal Seek
9. What is the use of Goal Seek ? Give example where goal seek can be used.
10. To refer to cell K5 of sheet MyData in another worksheet namely Final’s cell B3,
what should you write:
a) K5.MyData b) B3.Final c) MyData.K5 d) Final.B3 e)
Final.B3.MyData.K5
11. In Calc, the registered Data Sources are the databases that are compatible with :
a) *.txt b)*.odt c) *.sql d) *.odb
12. How would you :
a) Insert a New Sheet in a workbook
b) Delete a sheet from workbook
c) Rename a sheet in a workbook
13. What do you understand by document hyperlink? How are they useful?
Unit III Database Management System
1. What is a DBMS? Give its significance.
2. What is the difference between Flat database and Relational Database?
3. Explain the following:
a) Primary Key
b) Candidate Key
c) Composite Primary Key
d) Foreign Key
4. Explain four advantages of a Database Management system
5. A table can have multiple ___________ keys.
a) Candidate key b) Alternate key c) Primary key d) both (a) and (b)
6. What do you mean by: a) Field in a table b) Record in a table c) Database Server
d) A Table in a Database
Unit IV Web Application and Security:

1. Explain any three types of impairments that impact computer usage.
2. What do you understand by accessibility options? Why do you need these?
3. Give use of the following : Sticky Keys, Toggle Keys, Filter Keys, SoundSentry,
Magnifier,.
4. What is a computer network? Explain the advantages of network.
5. Differentiate between LAN and WAN with examples of places these are used
6. Explain P2P architecture. How is it different from Client-Server architecture
7. What is instant messaging ? Name some instant messaging applications
8. List three key features of instant messaging.
9. List three basic rules and etiquettes of chatting online.
10. What is a blog? Give two websites that offer blog services.
11. What is an offline blog editor, name 3 offline blog editors.
12. What do you mean by Online transaction ? Give 3 examples of websites facilitating
Online payment.
13. What do you mean by internet Security/cyber safety? Why is it important?
14. List 4 safety measures which you must take while online.
15. List four measures one must take while creating a safe password.
16. List four general guidelines and rules for ensuring safety at workplace / office
17. What are some common causes of office accidents
18. List 2 basic rules for fire safety
19. What is first-aid? What is it’s importance.
20. What is an accident at workplace?
21. What is an emergency at workplace?
22. Name 3 workplace hazards?
Employability Skills
Communication Skills
1. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the communication
process cycle?
(a) Channel (c) Sender
(b) Receiver (d) Time
2. You need to apply for leave at work? Which method of communication will you use?
(a) e -mail (c) Newsletter
(b) Poster (d) Blog
3. By which action can senders send their messages?

(a) Gestures (c) Reading
(b) Speaking (d) Writing
4. Which of the following is an example of oral communication?

(a) Newspapers (c) Phone call
(b) Letters (d) e-mail
5. What are the types of words we should use for verbal communication?
(a) Acronyms (c) Technical
(b) Simple (d) Jargons
6. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?

(a) Frowning while concentrating (c) Smiling continuously
(b) Maintaining eye contact (d) Rolling up your eyes
7. What does an upright (straight) body posture convey or show?

(a) Pride (c) C onfidence
(b) Professionalism (d) Humility
8. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?

(a) Keeping hands in pockets while talking (c) Sitting straight
(b) Talking at moderate speed (d) Tilting head a bit to listen
9. Which of the following statement is true about communication?

(a) 50% of our communication is non-verbal
(b) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
(c) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
(d) 7 % communication is done using words
10. Which of these are examples of positive feedback?

(a) Excellent, your work has improved.
(b) I noticed your dedication towards the project.
(c) You are always doing it the wrong way.
(d) All of the above
11. Which of these are examples of negative feedback?

(a) I hate to tell you this but your drawing skill is poor.
(b) You can surely improve your drawing.
(c) These are good drawings but you can do better.
(d) None of the above
12. Which of the following are effective components of good feedback?

(a) Detailed and time consuming (c) Specific
(b) Direct and honest (d) Opinion-based
13.Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier?

(a) Linguistic barrier (c) F inancial barrier
(b) Interpersonal barrier (d) Organisational barrier
14. In which of the following, the underlined word is an adjective?

(a) Radha has a red dress. (c) The Girl on the Train is a best-seller.
(b) I can speak French. (d) Abdul can swim fast.
15.Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly?

(a) Ravi and i are going to the movies. (c) The tiger is a Strong animal.
(b) Salim is visiting India in July. (d) She is arriving on Monday
16. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?

(a) When is the party.
(b) I had bread omelette and a Banana for breakfast?
(c) I am so excited about my first foreign trip,
(d) This is Abdul’s notebook.
17. In which of these sentences can you find an adverb?

(a) Divya drinks milk every day. (c) I opened the door lock.
(b) Sanjay gifted me a new pen. (d) Sita is 5-feet tall.
18.Identify the indirect object in the sentence, ‘The band played music for the audience.’
(a) The band (c) music
(b) played (d) audience
19. Which of these is an imperative sentence?

(a) Switch off the fan. (c) Where are my pen colours?
(b) Sheila has gone to the market. (d) Oh no! I missed my flight.
20.Which of these sentences is in active voice?

(a) A movie is being watched by them. (c) He is reading a book.
(b) The car was repaired by Raju. (d) The thief was being chased by a policeman
Subjective questions
1. List the different types of verbal communication. Include examples for
each verbal communication type.
2. What do you mean by feedback? Let’s take a scenario. Radha is your co-worker. Together
you are making a report on how to manage the waste in your store. Since she has not
completed her work on time, the whole report has got delayed and the manager has given

you both a warning. Write down the feedback you would like to give your workers on time
management. Try to keep the feedback specific and polite.
3. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when you move to a
new city or country.
4. Write two sentences of each type of sentence — statement, question, exclamatory and
order.
5. Which is your favourite food, dish or cuisine? Write two paragraphs about your favourite
food, dish or cuisine. Make sure you follow all the rules about sentences and paragraphs you
have learnt.
Self-Management Skills
MCQ
1. What makes you complete work or studies without others cheering you?
(a) Self-confidence
(b) Communication
(c) Self-motivation
(d) Self-esteem
2. Which of the following are types of motivation?
(a) Internal
(b) Intermediate
(c) External
(d) Extensive
3. Ravi works hard to get the best student award at the end of year. What type of motivation is
this?
(a) Internal
(b) E xternal
(c) Both internal and external
(d) Not any specific type of motivation
Subjective Questions
1. Describe stress and stress management in your own words.
2. List your favourite stress management technique and elaborate on why you find it the
most effective for you.
3. What is Goal Setting?
4. In SMART goals, what does ‘S’ stand for? Explain.
5. What is the best way to work on long-term goals?
6. What is time management and how can you manage your time?
7. How can tracking your time help you?
Basic ICT Skills

MCQ
1. Which of the following functions is not performed using a mouse?
(a) Turn on (c) Right click
(b) Hover (d) Drag and Drop
2. What is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse
around?
(a) Highlighting (c) Selecting
(b) Dragging (d) Moving

3. Here are the steps that take place when starting a computer. Rearrange the steps in the correct
order.
(a) Desktop appears after login
(b) Login screen appears
(c) Power-on Self-Test (POST) starts
(d) Operating system starts
(e) Welcome screen appears
4. Which one of the following shortcut keys is used to paste a file?

(a) Ctrl + c (c) Ctrl + v
(b) Ctrl + p (d) Ctrl + x
5. Which of the following is a valid file extension for Notepad file?

(a) .jpg (c) .text
(b) .doc (d) . txt
6. What keys do you use to copy something?

(a) Ctrl+x (c) Ctrl+z
(b) Ctrl+c (d) Ctrl+y
7. What happens if you leave a device plugged in even after it is charged 100%?
(a) It can break. (c) It can overheat.
(b) It can stop functioning. (d) Data can get corrupt.
8. How can an antivirus protect your device?

(a) It can protect it from overheating. (c) It can prevent data from getting corrupt.
(b) It can increase its performance. (d) It can backup data.
9. Which option is not required to keep a device cool?

(a) Keep the device unplugged when in use.
(b) Do not cover a laptop with a blanket.
(c) Make sure the computer's CPU fan is working.
(d) Avoid leaving the device in the sun.
10. Which of the following is essential for maintaining a keyboard?

(a) Turn the keyboard upside down and shake it to remove foreign material.
(b) Blow dust and other particles with help of a blower.
(c) Use a very dilute combination of soap and water applied with a non-abrasive cloth to remove
stains from the keycaps.
(d) All of the above.
11. What should you do to ensure secure online transactions?

(a) Lock your computer
(b) Give credit card or bank details only on safe websites
(c) Use anti-virus
(d) Do not use pirated software
12. Which of the following trap small children into inappropriate relations?
(a) Online predators (c) Trojan Horse
(b) Worms (d) Anti-Virus

13. What should a strong password consist of?
(a) Only letters (c) Name of a person
(b) Numbers and special characters (d) Letters, numbers and special characters
Subjective questions
1. What is the function of the ENTER key?
2. How will you prevent others from using your computer?
3. How is a computer file system similar to our physical file system in a school?
4. What are the steps you will perform to save a text file in Ubuntu?
5. Explain how to clean a computer on a daily basis. Ans. The ways to clean a computer on a
daily basis are:
6. How can you increase the performance of a computer?
7. Explain how Trojan Horse virus works.
8. List the various ways you can use to protect your data.
Entrepreneurial Skills
MCQ
A. Here are some stories of some entrepreneurs. Tick the option for the quality they are
showing.
1. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get angry. He listens
to what his customer is saying. He is...........................
(a) hardworking (c) patient
(b) confident (d) prying new ideas
2. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and she has a loss. She
apologises to the people who work for her. She says she will plan better next time.
She...............................
(a) takes responsibility for your mistakes (c) does not give up
(b) thinks before making a decision (d) is creative
B. Tick the correct option for the function that the entrepreneur is doing.
1. Ali has a diamond factory. He pays his employees on the 1st of every month.
(a) Creates a new product (b) Manages the business (c) Takes risk
2. Mary buys bulbs for her business from Noida. She learns that bulbs are cheaper in Faridabad.
So, she decides to start buying bulbs from there.
(a) Makes decisions (b) Divides income (c) Takes risk
3. Rehnuma has two people who work for her. Every day, she spends one hour with them to learn
about what they’ve done that day.
(a) Creates a new product (b) Divides income (c) Manages the business
C. Write against the option, if the business idea is of self-employment or wage employment.
(a) Cooking in a restaurant
(b) Owning a clothing business
(c) Having a dosa selling stall
D. WriteTrue or False
1. Entrepreneurs can create jobs in the market.
2. When many entrepreneurs sell mobile phones in a market, the prices of phones increase.
3. Entrepreneurs identify a need in the market and build a product or service for it.
E. Match each story below with the misconception about entrepreneurship.
Story Misconception
1)Ramu owns a large clothes shop. Shamu has a small
a) Every business idea needs to
store selling handmade sarees. Shamu does not call
be unique or special.
himself an entrepreneur.
2)Anna has a great idea for a website. She has 5,000.

(b) Entrepreneurs are born, not
She is waiting for ` 20,000 more, so that she can start
made.
it.
3)In a city of thousands of tailoring shops, Gauri is a (c) A person needs to have a
tailor who stitches good quality clothes and has a very big business to be called an
successful business. entrepreneur.
F. Match the columns
1. Surabhi opens 5 painting stores across India. a. Enter
2. There are many coaching classes in Mumbai. Jacob owns

one of them. He is starting morning batches to attract more b. Survive
students to his classes.
3. Salma has started her clothing line on the Internet. c. Grow

G. Subjective question of Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10
1. List the ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society.

2. What do you think are the important functions of an entrepreneur? Write your answer giving
suitable examples.
3. What is the difference between a misconception and reality? Give an example.
Green Skills
MCQ
1. How many sustainable development goals are given by the United Nations?
(a) 18 (c) 15
(b) 17 (d) 20
2. Choose the option which defines sustainable development.

(a) Taking care of future generations
(b) Taking care of only ourselves
(c) Taking care of ourselves and the future generations
(d) Well-being of all
3. Which organisation has made the Sustainable Development Goals.

(a) United Nations (c) UNICEF
(b) League of Nations (d) World Health Organisation
4. Which of the following sources of energy is from a renewable source?

(a) Solar energy (c) Coals
(b) Wood (d) Petrol
5. Choose the option which is not a sustainable development goal according to the United
Nations.
(a) Clean Water and Sanitation (c) Population
(b) Gender Equality (d) Reduced Inequalities
Subjective Questions
1. What is the meaning of sustainable development?
2. Why do you think the United Nations has made the 17 Sustainable Development Goals?
3. List some ways in which we can use resources sensibly
4. Explain the importance of education on sustainable development.

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Delhi Public School Vasant Kunj

Information Technology (402)

Class X Information Technology 1

Sno. Chapter Page No.

1. Digital Documentation 3-16

2. Electronic Spreadsheet 17-24

3. Relational Database Management System 25-33

4. Web Applications and Internet Security 34-46

5. Employability Skills 47-65

6. Question Bank 66-74

Class X Information Technology 2

Ques: List major types of styles in open office.org.

Ques: Write the ways to apply styles in a document.

Ques: Write the ways to create a New (custom) styles.

Ques: How can you create new (custom) styles?

Class X Information Technology 3

INSERT AND USE IMAGES

Ques: Explain the different ways to insert image in a document.

Ques: How can you modify an image?

Class X Information Technology 5

Using the formatting toolbar and Picture dialog

Ques: Explain Cropping in detail

Ques: How can you resize an image?

Ques: How can you rotate a picture?

Ques: How can you create Drawing objects?

To use a drawing tool:

Class X Information Technology 8

Ques: How can you do grouping of drawing objects?

Ques: How can we position image/graphics within the text?

Class X Information Technology 9

Ques: Define a Template.

Ques: How can you reset the default template?

Ques:How can you use/Change a particular Template?

CREATE AND CUSTOMIZE TABLE OF CONTENTS

Class X Information Technology 10

Ques: State the purpose of table of contents.

Ques: Explain the use of Index/Table tab.

Class X Information Technology 11

Ques: Explain the use of entries tab.

Ques: Explain the use of styles tab.

Ques: Explain the use of background tab.

1) From the As drop-down list, select Color.

Editing a table of contents To edit an existing table of contents:

Class X Information Technology 13

Advance concept of mail merge in word processing

Merging The Data Source With Main Document

Class X Information Technology 14

Editing a saved file of mailing labels

Advantages of Mail Merge

Class X Information Technology 15

Class X Information Technology 16

Ques: What do you mean by data consolidation?

Ques: Write the steps to consolidate data in Calc.

Ques: How to define name to range of cells?

Ques: Define the SUBTOTAL function available in Calc.

Ques: What is What-If scenarios?

Ques: What do you mean by Goal seek?

Ques: Define Solver option in openoffice Calc.

Class X Information Technology 18