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    Surds: For Wassce and Utme

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    Edu Tutorial
    Explanatory notes on the maths topic SURDS suitable for students preparing for SAT, IGCSE, WASSCE, UTME, etc

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    Surds: For Wassce and Utme

    Uploaded by

    Edu Tutorial
    176 views13 pages
    Explanatory notes on the maths topic SURDS suitable for students preparing for SAT, IGCSE, WASSCE, UTME, etc

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    Surds

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    Explanatory notes on the maths topic SURDS suitable for students preparing for SAT, IGCSE, WASSCE, UTME, etc

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    176 views13 pages

    Surds: For Wassce and Utme

    Uploaded by

    Edu Tutorial
    Explanatory notes on the maths topic SURDS suitable for students preparing for SAT, IGCSE, WASSCE, UTME, etc

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    SURDS

    for WASSCE and UTME


    Introduction
    A number whose square root gives a whole number is called
    a perfect square.
    For example, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 are perfect squares
    because their square roots equal 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively.
    When the square root is not a whole number, we refer to it
    as a surd
    For example, 2, 3, 5, 6 are called surds
    Laws of Surds
    1. 𝑚𝑛 = 𝑚 × 𝑛
    𝑚 𝑚
    2. =
    𝑛 𝑛

    Recall from indices that


    2 2 2
    𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏
    𝑎 + 𝑏 2 ≠ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
    Verify this yourself (put 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3)
    Simplification of Surds
    Surds can be simplified by
    breaking the number into a product of two factors where one of
    them is perfect square and then applying the laws of surds

    Example: Simplify the following surds


    1. 18
    2. 48
    Simplification of Surds
    18 = 9 × 2 ( 6 × 3 won’t help us)
    = 9× 2
    =3 2

    48 = 16 × 3
    =4 3
    Addition and Subtraction of Surds
    Surds can be added or subtracted together if and only if they have
    the same basic form.
    For example, 3 2 + 5 2 = 8 2
    but 2 3 + 3 2 = 2 3 + 3 2 In other words, they can’t be
    added

    Example: Simplify 18 + 50 − 72
    9 × 2 + 25 × 2 − 36 × 2
    3 2+5 2−6 2
    2 2
    Addition and Subtraction of Surds

    Example: Simplify 75 − 48 + 27
    5 3−4 3+3 3
    4 3
    Multiplication of Surds
    Surds can be multiplied together by multiplying number for
    number and surd for surd
    Example: Simplify 2 3 × 4 5
    (2 × 4) 3 × 5
    8 15

    Example: Expand 2 + 4 3 5 − 2 Recall (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑦)

    10 − 2 2 + 20 3 − 4 6
    Division of Surds
    4
    Example: Simplify
    2
    It is not normal practice to have a surd as the denominator
    of a fraction. To remove the surd, multiply by another surd
    that would make the denominator a whole number
    4 2 Mathematically, we have only just
    × multiplied by 1 which is nothing new
    2 2
    4× 2 4 2
    = =2 2
    2× 2 2
    Division of Surds
    1
    Example: Simplify
    3− 2
    Multiply by the conjugate of the denominator.
    The conjugate of 3 − 2 is 3 + 2 Change the sign in the middle
    to get the conjugate
    1 3+ 2
    ×
    3− 2 3+ 2
    3+ 2
    3+ 6− 6−2
    3 + √2
    3−2
    3+ 2
    Worked Examples

    If 𝑎 = 5 2 and 2𝑎 = 2𝑥, what is the value of 𝑥


    2 × 5 2 = 2𝑥
    10 2 = 2𝑥 take squares both sides
    200 = 2𝑥
    𝑥 = 100
    Worked Examples
    3 1
    Given that sin 60 = , sin 30 = , find the value of sin 60 +
    2 2
    sin 30
    3 1
    sin 60 + sin 30 = +
    2 2
    3+1
    =
    2
    Worked Examples
    Rationalize the denominator
    2 2−3
    3− 2
    2 2−3 3+ 2
    ×
    3− 2 3+ 2
    2 6+4−3 3−3 2
    3−2
    2 6+4−3 3−3 2

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