Coffeehouse

A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café is an establishment that

primarily serves coffee of various types, notably espresso,
latte, and cappuccino. Some coffeehouses may serve cold
drinks, such as iced coffee and iced tea, as well as other non-
caffeinated beverages. In continental Europe, cafés serve
alcoholic drinks. A coffeehouse may also serve food, such as
light snacks, sandwiches, muffins, fruit, or pastries.
Coffeehouses range from owner-operated small businesses to
large multinational corporations. Some coffeehouse chains
operate on a franchise business model, with numerous
branches across various countries around the world.
The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the
While café may refer to a coffeehouse, the term "café" oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is
generally refers to a diner, British café (colloquially called a celebrated for its famous clientele, which
"caff"), "greasy spoon" (a small and inexpensive restaurant), included high-profile writers and
transport café, teahouse or tea room, or other casual eating philosophers.
and drinking place.[1][2][3][4][5] A coffeehouse may share
some of the same characteristics of a bar or restaurant, but it
is different from a cafeteria. Many coffeehouses in the Middle East and in West Asian immigrant districts in
the Western world offer shisha (actually called nargile in Levantine Arabic, Greek and Turkish), flavored
tobacco smoked through a hookah. An espresso bar is a type of coffeehouse that specializes in serving
espresso and espresso-based drinks.

From a cultural standpoint, coffeehouses largely serve as centers of social interaction: a coffeehouse
provides patrons with a place to congregate, talk, read, write, entertain one another, or pass the time,
whether individually or in small groups. Since the popularization of Wi-Fi, coffeehouses with this capability
have also become places for patrons to access the Internet on their laptops and tablet computers. A
coffeehouse can serve as an informal club for its regular members.[6] As early as the 1950s Beatnik era and
the 1960s folk music scene, coffeehouses have hosted singer-songwriter performances, typically in the
evening.[7]

Contents
Etymology
History
Islamic world
Europe
England
France
Wallachia
Austria
Italy
Hungary
 Ireland
Switzerland
Gender
Contemporary
Americas
Argentina
United States
Format
Middle East and Asia
Australia
Africa
Europe
United Kingdom
Espresso bar
Gallery
See also
References
Sources
Further reading

Etymology
The most common English spelling café, is the French, Portuguese,
and Spanish spelling, and was adopted by English-speaking
countries in the late 19th century.[9] The Italian spelling, caffè, is
also sometimes used in English.[10] In Southern England,
especially around London in the 1950s, the French pronunciation
was often facetiously altered to /kæf/ and spelt caff.[11]

The English words coffee and café derive from the Italian word for
coffee, caffè[12][13]—first attested as caveé in Venice in 1570[14]—
and in turn derived from Arabic qahwa (‫)قهوة‬. The Arabic term The word coffee in various European
qahwa originally referred to a type of wine, but after the wine ban languages.[8]
by Islam, the name was transferred to coffee because of the similar
rousing effect it induced.[15] European knowledge of coffee (the
plant, its seeds, and the drink made from the seeds) came through European contact with Turkey, likely via
Venetian-Ottoman trade relations.

The English word café to describe a restaurant that usually serves coffee and snacks rather than the word
coffee that describes the drink, is derived from the French café. The first café in France is believed to have
opened in 1660.[12] The first café in Europe is believed to have been opened in Belgrade, Serbia in 1522 as
a Kafana (Serbian coffee house).[16]

The translingual word root /kafe/ appears in many European languages with various naturalized spellings,
including Portuguese, Spanish, and French (café); German (Kaffee); Polish (kawa); Serbian (кафа / kafa);
Ukrainian (кава, 'kava'); and others.
History

Islamic world

The first coffeehouses in

the Islamic world, qahveh
khaneh (Persian for coffee
house), appeared in
Damascus. These Ottoman
coffeehouses also appeared
in Mecca, in the Arabian
Peninsula in the 15th
century, then spread to the
Ottoman Empire's capital of
Istanbul in the 16th century.
Coffeehouses became
popular meeting places
where people gathered to
drink coffee, have
conversations, play board Storyteller (meddah) at a
games such as chess and coffeehouse in the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman miniature of a meddah
backgammon, listen to The first coffeehouses appeared in
performing at a coffeehouse
stories and music, and the Islamic world in the 15th century.
discuss news and politics.
They became known as
"schools of wisdom" for the type of clientele they attracted, and their free and frank discourse.[17]

Coffeehouses in Mecca became a concern of imams who viewed them as places for political gatherings and
drinking, leading to bans between 1512 and 1524.[18] However, these bans could not be maintained, due to
coffee becoming ingrained in daily ritual and culture across the Islamic world.[17] The Ottoman chronicler
İbrahim Peçevi reports in his writings (1642–49) about the opening of the first coffeehouse in Istanbul:

Until the year 962 [1555], in the High, God-Guarded city of Constantinople, as well as in
Ottoman lands generally, coffee and coffeehouses did not exist. About that year, a fellow
called Hakam from Aleppo and a wag called Shams from Damascus came to the city; they
each opened a large shop in the district called Tahtakale, and began to purvey coffee.[19]

Various legends involving the introduction of coffee to Istanbul at a "Kiva Han" in the late 15th century
circulate in culinary tradition, but with no documentation.

The 17th century French traveler and writer Jean Chardin gave a lively description of the Persian
coffeehouse scene:

People engage in conversation, for it is there that news

is communicated and where those interested in politics
criticize the government in all freedom and without
being fearful, since the government does not heed
what the people say. Innocent games ... resembling
 checkers, hopscotch, and chess, are played. In
addition, mollas, dervishes, and poets take turns telling
stories in verse or in prose. The narrations by the
mollas and the dervishes are moral lessons, like our
sermons, but it is not considered scandalous not to pay
attention to them. No one is forced to give up his game
or his conversation because of it. A molla will stand up
in the middle, or at one end of the qahveh-khaneh, and
begin to preach in a loud voice, or a dervish enters all A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century
of a sudden, and chastises the assembled on the vanity
of the world and its material goods. It often happens
that two or three people talk at the same time, one on
one side, the other on the opposite, and sometimes one
will be a preacher and the other a storyteller.[20]

Europe

In the 17th century, coffee appeared for the first time in Europe
outside the Ottoman Empire, and coffeehouses were established,
soon becoming increasingly popular. The first coffeehouses is said
to have appeared in 1632 in Livorno by a Jewish merchant,[21][22]
or later in 1640, in Venice.[23] In the 19th and 20th centuries in
Europe, coffeehouses were very often meeting points for writers
and artists.
Coffeehouse in London, 17th century
England

The first coffeehouse in England was set up in Oxford in

1650[24]-1651[25] by "Jacob the Jew". A second competing coffee
house was opened across the street in 1654, by "Cirques Jobson,
the Jew" (Queen's Lane Coffee House).[26]
In London, the earliest
coffeehouse was established by Pasqua Rosée in 1652.[27]
Anthony Wood observed of the coffee houses of Oxford in his Life
and Times (1674) "The decay of study, and consequently of
learning, are coffee houses, to which most scholars retire and spend
much of the day in hearing and speaking of news".[28] The
proprietor was Pasqua Rosée, the servant of a trader in goods from
the Ottoman Empire named Daniel Edwards, who imported the
coffee and assisted Rosée in setting up the establishment "Discussing the War in a Paris
there.[29][30] Café", The Illustrated London News,
17 September 1870
From 1670 to 1685, the number of London coffeehouses began to
increase, and they also began to gain political importance due to
their popularity as places of debate.[31] English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries were significant
meeting places, particularly in London. By 1675, there were more than 3,000 coffeehouses in England.[32]
Coffeehouses were also known as "penny universities" because of the crowd that they attracted. Scholars
and students alike were regulars, and anyone with a penny could enter and sit in on a lecture or have access
to books or print news. Coffeehouses boosted the popularity of print news culture and helped the growth of
various financial markets including insurance, stocks, and auctions.
Though Charles II later tried to suppress the London coffeehouses as "places where the disaffected met,
and spread scandalous reports concerning the conduct of His Majesty and his Ministers", the public flocked
to them. For several decades following the Restoration, the Wits gathered around John Dryden at Will's
Coffee House, in Russell Street, Covent Garden.[33] The coffeehouses were great social levelers, open to
all men and indifferent to social status, and as a result associated with equality and republicanism. The rich
intellectual atmosphere of early London coffeehouses were available to anyone who could pay the
sometimes one penny entry fee, giving them the name of 'Penny Universities'.[34]

More generally, coffeehouses became meeting places where business could be carried on, news exchanged
and the London Gazette (government announcements) read. Lloyd's of London had its origins in a
coffeehouse run by Edward Lloyd, where underwriters of ship insurance met to do business. By 1739,
there were 551 coffeehouses in London; each attracted a particular clientele divided by occupation or
attitude, such as Tories and Whigs, wits and stockjobbers, merchants and lawyers, booksellers and authors,
men of fashion or the "cits" of the old city center. According to one French visitor, Antoine François
Prévost, coffeehouses, "where you have the right to read all the papers for and against the government",
were the "seats of English liberty".[35]

In London, coffeehouses preceded the club of the mid-18th century.

Jonathan's Coffee House in 1698 saw the listing of stock and commodity prices that evolved into the
London Stock Exchange. Lloyd's Coffee House provided the venue for merchants and shippers to discuss
insurance deals, leading to the establishment of Lloyd's of London insurance market, the Lloyd's Register
classification society, and other related businesses. Auctions in salesrooms attached to coffeehouses
provided the start for the great auction houses of Sotheby's and Christie's.

In Victorian England, the temperance movement set up coffeehouses (also known as coffee taverns) for the
working classes, as a place of relaxation free of alcohol, an alternative to the public house (pub).[36][37]

France

Pasqua Rosée, an Armenian by the name Harutiun Vartian, also established the first coffeehouse in Paris in
1672 and held a citywide coffee monopoly until Procopio Cutò, his apprentice, opened the Café Procope in
1686.[38] This coffeehouse still exists today and was a popular meeting place of the French Enlightenment;
Voltaire, Rousseau, and Denis Diderot frequented it, and it is arguably the birthplace of the Encyclopédie,
the first modern encyclopedia.

Wallachia

In 1667, Kara Hamie, a former Ottoman Janissary from Constantinople, opened the first coffee shop in
Bucharest (then the capital of the Principality of Wallachia), in the center of the city, where today sits the
main building of the National Bank of Romania.[39]

Austria

The traditional tale of the origins of the Viennese café begins with the mysterious sacks of green beans left
behind when the Turks were defeated in the Battle of Vienna in 1683. All the sacks of coffee were granted
to the victorious Polish king Jan III Sobieski, who in turn gave them to one of his officers, Jerzy Franciszek
Kulczycki, a Ukrainian cossack and Polish diplomat of Ruthenian descent. Kulczycki, according to the
tale, then began the first coffeehouse in Vienna with the hoard, also being the first to serve coffee with milk.
There is a statue of Kulczycki on a street also named after him.
However, it is now widely accepted that the first Viennese
coffeehouse was actually opened by an Armenian merchant named
Johannes Diodato (Asdvadzadur).[40] Johannes Diodato (also
known as Johannes Theodat) opened a registered coffeehouse in
Vienna in 1685.[41][40] Fifteen years later, four other Armenians
owned coffeehouses.[41] The culture of drinking coffee was itself
widespread in the country in the second half of the 18th century.

Over time, a special coffee house culture developed in Habsburg A Viennese café
Vienna. On the one hand, writers, artists, musicians, intellectuals,
bon vivants and their financiers met in the coffee house, and on the
other hand, new coffee varieties were always served. In the coffee
house, people played cards or chess, worked, read, thought,
composed, discussed, argued, observed and just chatted. A lot of
information was also obtained in the coffee house, because local
and foreign newspapers were freely available to all guests. This
form of coffee house culture spread throughout the Habsburg
Empire in the 19th century.[42][43]

Scientific theories, political plans but also artistic projects were Trieste from where the cappuccino
worked out and discussed in Viennese coffee houses all over spread.
Central Europe. James Joyce even enjoyed his coffee in a Viennese
coffee house on the Adriatic in Trieste, then and now the main port
for coffee and coffee processing in Italy and Central Europe. From there, the Viennese Kapuziner coffee
developed into today's world-famous cappuccino. This special multicultural atmosphere of the Habsburg
coffee houses was largely destroyed by the later National Socialism and Communism and can only be
found today in a few places that have long been in the slipstream of history, such as Vienna or
Trieste.[44][45][46][47]

Italy

During the 18th century, the oldest extant coffeehouses in Italy

were established: Caffè Florian in Venice, Antico Caffè Greco in
Rome, Caffè Pedrocchi in Padua, Caffè dell'Ussero in Pisa and
Caffè Fiorio in Turin.

Hungary

The first known cafes in Pest date back to 1714 when a house
intended to serve as a Cafe (Balázs Kávéfőző) was purchased.
Minutes of the Pest City Council from 1729 mention complaints by
the Balázs cafe and Franz Reschfellner Cafe against the Italian-
originated cafe of Francesco Bellieno for selling underpriced
coffee.[48]

Ireland

In the 18th century, Dublin coffeehouses functioned as early Caffè Florian in Venice
reading centers and the emergence of circulation and subscription
libraries that provided greater access to printed material for the
public. The interconnectivity of the coffeehouse and virtually every aspect of the print trade were evidenced
by the incorporation of printing, publishing, selling, and viewing of newspapers, pamphlets and books on
the premises, most notably in the case of Dick's Coffee House, owned by Richard Pue; thus contributing to
a culture of reading and increased literacy.[49] These coffeehouses were a social magnet where different
strata of society came together to discuss topics covered by the newspapers and pamphlets. Most
coffeehouses of the 18th century would eventually be equipped with their own printing presses or
incorporate a book shop.[50]

Today, the term café is used for most coffeehouses - this can be spelled both with and without an acute
accent, but is always pronounced as two syllables. The name café has also come to be used for a type of
diners that offers cooked meals (again, without alcoholic beverages) which can be standalone or operating
within in shopping centres or department stores. In Irish usage, the presence or absence of the acute accent
does not signify the type of establishment (coffeehouse versus diner), and is purely a decision by the owner:
for instance, the two largest diner-style café chains in Ireland during in the 1990s were named "Kylemore
Cafe" and "Bewley’s Café" - i.e., one written without, and one with, the acute accent.

Switzerland

In 1761 the Turm Kaffee, a shop for exported goods, was opened in St. Gallen.[51]

Gender

The exclusion of women from coffeehouses was not universal, but does appear to have been common in
Europe. In Germany, women frequented them, but in England and France they were banned.[52] Émilie du
Châtelet purportedly cross-dressed to gain entrance to a coffeehouse in Paris.[53]

In a well-known engraving of a Parisian café c. 1700,[54] the gentlemen hang their hats on pegs and sit at
long communal tables strewn with papers and writing implements. Coffee pots are ranged at an open fire,
with a hanging cauldron of boiling water. The only woman present presides, separated in a canopied booth,
from which she serves coffee in tall cups.

Contemporary

In most European countries, such as Spain, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, and
others, the term café means a restaurant primarily serving coffee, as well as pastries such as cakes, tarts,
pies, or buns. Many cafés also serve light meals such as sandwiches. European cafés often have tables on
the pavement (sidewalk) as well as indoors. Some cafés also serve alcoholic drinks (e.g., wine), particularly
in Southern Europe. In the Netherlands and Belgium, a café is the equivalent of a bar, and also sells
alcoholic drinks. In the Netherlands a koffiehuis serves coffee, while a coffee shop (using the English term)
sells "soft" drugs (cannabis and hashish) and is generally not allowed to sell alcoholic drinks. In France,
most cafés serve as lunch restaurants in the day, and bars in the evening. They generally do not have
pastries except in the mornings, when a croissant or pain au chocolat can be purchased with breakfast
coffee. In Italy, cafés are similar to those found in France and known as bar. They typically serve a variety
of espresso coffee, cakes and alcoholic drinks. Bars in city centers usually have different prices for
consumption at the bar and consumption at a table.[55]

Americas

Argentina
Coffeehouses are part of the culture of Buenos Aires and the
customs of its inhabitants. They are traditional meeting places for
'porteños' and have inspired innumerable artistic creations. Some
notable coffeehouses include Confitería del Molino, Café Tortoni,
El Gato Negro, Café La Biela.

United States

The first coffeehouse in America opened in Boston, in 1676.[56]

However, Americans did not start choosing coffee over tea until the Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in
Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge
Boston Tea Party and the Revolutionary War. After the
Luis Borges among many other
Revolutionary War, Americans momentarily went back to drinking
figures of Argentina.
tea until after the War of 1812 when they began importing high-
quality coffee from Latin America and expensive inferior-quality
tea from American shippers instead of Great Britain. [57] Whether
they were drinking coffee or tea, coffeehouses served a similar
purpose that they did in Great Britain as places where business was
done. In the 1780s, Merchant's Coffee House located on Wall
Street in New York City was home to the organization of the Bank
of New York and the New York Chamber of Commerce. [58]

Coffeehouses in the United States arose from the espresso- and

pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses of the Italian American Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in
immigrant communities in the major U.S. cities, notably New York New York City's Greenwich Village
City's Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston's North End, and which was founded in 1927
San Francisco's North Beach. From the late 1950s onward,
coffeehouses also served as a venue for entertainment, most
commonly folk performers during the American folk music revival.[59] Both Greenwich Village and North
Beach became major haunts of the Beats, who were highly identified with these coffeehouses. As the youth
culture of the 1960s evolved, non-Italians consciously copied these coffeehouses. The political nature of
much of 1960s folk music made the music a natural tie-in with coffeehouses with their association with
political action. A number of well-known performers like Joan Baez and Bob Dylan began their careers
performing in coffeehouses. Blues singer Lightnin' Hopkins bemoaned his woman's inattentiveness to her
domestic situation due to her overindulgence in coffeehouse socializing in his 1969 song "Coffeehouse
Blues".

In 1966, Alfred Peet began applying the dark roast style to high quality beans and opened up a small shop
in Berkeley, California to educate customers on the virtues of good coffee. [57] Starting in 1967 with the
opening of the historic Last Exit on Brooklyn coffeehouse, Seattle became known for its thriving
countercultural coffeehouse scene; the Starbucks chain later standardized and mainstreamed this espresso
bar model.[60]

From the 1960s through the mid-1980s, churches and individuals in the United States used the coffeehouse
concept for outreach. They were often storefronts and had names like The Lost Coin (Greenwich Village),
The Gathering Place (Riverside, CA), Catacomb Chapel (New York City), and Jesus For You (Buffalo,
NY). Christian music (often guitar-based) was performed, coffee and food was provided, and Bible studies
were convened as people of varying backgrounds gathered in a casual setting that was purposefully
different from traditional churches. An out-of-print book, published by the ministry of David Wilkerson,
titled, A Coffeehouse Manual, served as a guide for Christian coffeehouses, including a list of name
suggestions for coffeehouses.[61]
They are popular to this day with coffeehouses such as Starbucks seeming to be on every corner of streets
in several major American cities including Los Angeles and Seattle. [62]

Format
Cafés may have an outdoor section (terrace, pavement or sidewalk
café) with seats, tables and parasols. This is especially the case with
European cafés. Cafés offer a more open public space compared to
many of the traditional pubs they have replaced, which were more
male dominated with a focus on drinking alcohol.

One of the original uses of the café, as a place for information

exchange and communication, was reintroduced in the 1990s with
the Internet café or Hotspot.[63] The spread of modern-style cafés Coffeehouses often sell pastries or
to urban and rural areas went hand-in-hand with the rising use of other food items
mobile computers. Computers and Internet access in a
contemporary-styled venue help to create a youthful, modern place,
compared to the traditional pubs or old-fashioned diners that they replaced.

Middle East and Asia

In the Middle East, the coffeehouse (Arabic: ‫ مقهى‬maqha; Persian: ‫ قهوه خانه‬qahveh-khaneh; Turkish:
kahvehane or kırâthane) serves as an important social gathering place for men. Men assemble in
coffeehouses to drink coffee (usually Arabic coffee) and tea. In addition, men go there to listen to music,
read books, play chess and backgammon, watch TV and enjoy other social activities around the Arab
world and in Turkey. Hookah (shisha) is traditionally served as well.

Coffeehouses in Egypt are colloquially called 'ahwah /ʔhwa/, which is the dialectal pronunciation of ‫َقْهوة‬
qahwah (literally "coffee")[64][65] (see also Arabic phonology#Local variations). Also commonly served in
'ahwah are tea (shāy) and herbal teas, especially the highly popular hibiscus blend (Egyptian Arabic:
karkadeh or ennab). The first 'ahwah opened around the 1850s and were originally patronized mostly by
older people, with youths frequenting but not always ordering. There were associated by the 1920s with
clubs (Cairo), bursa (Alexandria) and gharza (rural inns). In the early 20th century, some of them became
crucial venues for political and social debates.[64]

In India, coffee culture has expanded in the past twenty years. Chains like Indian Coffee House, Café
Coffee Day, Barista Lavazza have become very popular. Cafes are considered good venues to conduct
office meetings and for friends to meet.[66]

In China, an abundance of recently started domestic coffeehouse chains may be seen accommodating
business people for conspicuous consumption, with coffee prices sometimes even higher than in the West.

In Malaysia and Singapore, traditional breakfast and coffee shops are called kopi tiam. The word is a
portmanteau of the Malay word for coffee (as borrowed and altered from English) and the Hokkien dialect
店
word for shop ( ; POJ: tiàm). Menus typically feature simple offerings: a variety of foods based on egg,
toast, and coconut jam, plus coffee, tea, and Milo, a malted chocolate drink that is extremely popular in
Southeast Asia and Australasia, particularly Singapore and Malaysia.

In the Philippines, coffee shop chains like Starbucks became prevalent in upper and middle class
professionals especially in Makati. However, Carinderias also serve coffee alongside viands. Events such as
"Kapihan" often officiated at bakeshops and restaurants that also served coffee for breakfast and merienda.
In Thailand, the term "café" is not only a coffeehouse in the
international definition, as in other countries, but in the past was
considered a night restaurant that serves alcoholic drinks during a
comedy show on stage. The era in which this type of business
flourished was the 1990s, before the 1997 financial crisis.[67]

The first real coffeehouse in Thailand opened in 1917 at the Si Kak

Phraya Si in the area of Rattanakosin Island, by Madam Cole, an
American woman who living in Thailand at that time, Later, Chao
Phraya Ram Rakop (เจ้าพระยารามราฆพ), Thai aristocrat, opened a A coffee shop in Angeles City,
coffeehouse named "Café de Norasingha" (คาเฟ่นรสิงห์) located at Philippines
Sanam Suea Pa (สนามเสือป่า), the ground next to the Royal
Plaza.[68] At present, Café de Norasingha has been renovated and
moved to within Phayathai Palace.[69] In the southern region, a
traditional coffeehouse or kopi tiam is popular with locals, like
many countries in the Malay Peninsula.[70]

Australia

In the 19th Century, coffee houses such as the Collingwood Coffee Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style
Palace or the Federal Coffee Palace in the centre of Melbourne coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi
were established and were part of the temperance movement to kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia
reduce the consumption of alcohol in society.

In modern Australia, coffee shops are ubiquitously known as cafés.

Since the post-World War II influx of Italian immigrants introduced
the first espresso coffee machines to Australia in the 1950s, there
was initially a slow rise in café culture, particularly in Melbourne,
until a boom in locally owned cafés Australia-wide began in the
1990s. Alongside the rise in the number of cafés there has been a
rise in demand for locally (or on-site) roasted specialty coffee,
particularly in Sydney and Melbourne. A local favourite is the "flat
white" which remains a popular coffee drink. A shop specialised in drip coffee in
Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Africa

In Cairo, the capital of Egypt, most cafés have shisha (waterpipe). Most Egyptians indulge in the habit of
smoking shisha while hanging out at the café, watching a match, studying, or even sometimes finishing
some work. In Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, independent coffeehouses that struggled prior to 1991
have become popular with young professionals who do not have time for traditional coffee roasting at
home. One establishment that has become well-known is the Tomoca coffee shop, which opened in
1953.[71][72]

Europe

United Kingdom
The patrons of the first coffeehouse in England, The Angel, which
opened in Oxford in 1650,[73] and the mass of London coffee
houses that flourished over the next three centuries, were far
removed from those of modern Britain. Haunts for teenagers in
particular, Italian-run espresso bars and their formica-topped tables
were a feature of 1950s Soho that provided a backdrop as well as a
title for Cliff Richard's 1960 film Expresso Bongo. The first was
The Moka in Frith Street, opened by Gina Lollobrigida in 1953.
With their "exotic Gaggia coffee machine[s],... Coke, Pepsi, weak
frothy coffee and... Suncrush orange fountain[s]"[74] they spread to
other urban centers during the 1960s, providing cheap, warm
places for young people to congregate and an ambience far
removed from the global coffee bar standard that would be
established in the final decades of the century by chains such as
Starbucks and Pret a Manger.[74][75] The Federal Coffee Palace, built on
Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888,
Espresso bar was the largest and grandest Coffee
Palace ever built. It was demolished
in 1973.
The espresso bar is a type of coffeehouse that specializes in coffee
drinks made from espresso. Originating in Italy, the espresso bar
has spread throughout the world in various forms. Prime examples
that are internationally known are Starbucks Coffee, based in
Seattle, U.S., and Costa Coffee, based in Dunstable, U.K. (the first
and second largest coffeehouse chains respectively), although the
espresso bar exists in some form throughout much of the world.

The espresso bar is typically centered around a long counter with a

high-yield espresso machine (usually bean to cup machines,
automatic or semiautomatic pump-type machine, although
occasionally a manually operated lever-and-piston system) and a Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia is
display case containing pastries and occasionally savory items such considered the birthplace of the "flat
as sandwiches. In the traditional Italian bar, customers either order white".
at the bar and consume their drinks standing or, if they wish to sit
down and be served, are usually charged a higher price. In some
bars there is an additional charge for drinks served at an outside table. In
other countries, especially the United States, seating areas for customers to
relax and work are provided free of charge. Some espresso bars also sell
coffee paraphernalia, candy, and even music. North American espresso
bars were also at the forefront of widespread adoption of public WiFi
access points to provide Internet services to people doing work on laptop
computers on the premises.

The offerings at the typical espresso bar are generally quite Italianate in
inspiration; biscotti, cannoli and pizzelle are a common traditional
accompaniment to a caffe latte or cappuccino. Some upscale espresso bars
even offer alcoholic drinks such as grappa and sambuca. Nevertheless,
typical pastries are not always strictly Italianate and common additions Interior of an espresso bar
include scones, muffins, croissants, and even doughnuts. There is usually a from Baliuag, Philippines
large selection of teas as well, and the North American espresso bar culture
is responsible for the popularization of the Indian spiced tea drink masala chai. Iced drinks are also popular
in some countries, including both iced tea and iced coffee as well as blended drinks such as Starbucks'
Frappucino.

A worker in an espresso bar is referred to as a barista. The barista is a skilled position that requires
familiarity with the drinks being made (often very elaborate, especially in North American-style espresso
bars), a reasonable facility with some equipment as well as the usual customer service skills.

Gallery

Café neon sign in Café Mélange, Café Kampela, On-campus

Breda Vienna Helsinki coffeehouse at
Pensacola Christian
College

A café in a former Roadside cafe on

church, Utrecht the summer terrace.
Buryatia, Russia

See also
Cat café
Coffee service
Death Cafe
Dog café
English coffeehouses in the 17th and 18th centuries
Greasy spoon
Kafana
Kissaten
List of coffeehouse chains
 Manga café
Teahouse
Turkish Coffee

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Further reading
Marie-France Boyer; photographs by Eric Morin (1994) The French Café. London: Thames
& Hudson
Brian Cowan (2005), The Social Life of Coffee: The Emergence of the British Coffeehouse,
Yale University Press
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