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Key to
An Easy Approach to

Grammar
and
Composition Updated edition

4
Revised and Edited by :

Yogendra Chauhan
Senior English Teacher
Army Public School
New Delhi

Progress Publishers
Krishna Nagar, Delhi - 110051
Email : progresspublishers@gmail.com
 1. Alphabetical Order
A. 1. man, metal, mason, member, manner
2. man, manner, mason, member, metal
B. 1.
school, scooter, son, sun, soap
2. school, scooter, soap, son, sun
C. 1. check, cheap, chips, chief, china
2. cheap, check, chief, china, chips
D. 1. bus car cycle scooter train
2. apple banana guava mango pineapple
3. chillies gourd okra onion pumpkin
E. 1. scarce slash spray station sweep
2. meadow meals mean measure meat
3. throat throb throne through throw

2. Sentences
A. 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False
B. • A sentence begins with a capital letter.

3. Statements and Questions

A. 1. My school starts at 7 o’clcok  .
2. Have you met her  ?
3. I hope to be there on time  .
4. Shall we go to the fair  ?
5. East or West home is the best  .
6. Are you going to play  ?

4. Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences

A. joy, sorrow, wonder, approval
B. 2. Kindly help me with some money. Imperative – Request
3. Pour me a glass of water. Imperative – Proposal

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 4. What a beautiful scene ! Exclamation – Wonder
5. Alas ! We have lost the match. Exclamation – Sorrow
C. 1. Be quiet.
2. Stop here itself.
D. 1. Please give me a loan of rupees one hundred only.
2. Please let me have your pen for a minute.
E. 1. Obey your parents respectfully.
2. Make your vehicle free from pollution.
F. 1. My proposal in this matter was agreed to in the meeting.
2. The proposal to invite Pakistan for talks on this issue is not
acceptable to India.
G. An exclamation expresses a sudden strong feeling or emotion
of joy, sorrow, wonder, regret, contempt or approval.
1. Our team won the championship!
2. Ouch, that really hurts!

Test Yourself
A. salt season ship slate stable
B. A sentence is a set or group of words that makes complete
sense. Its four kinds are :
1. Statement, 2. Question, 3. Imperative, 4. Exclamation
C. 1. The sun rises in the east every morning. Statement
2. Let us have a stroll in cool moonlight. Imperative
3. Kindly help me with some money. Imperative
4. May God give you success in your business! Imperative
5. Look before you leap. Imperative
6. Alas ! I am undone. Exclamation
7. March ahead and fire, my soldiers. Imperative
8. Can you lift this heavy stone ? Question
9. Books are our best companions. Statement
10. No other planet has life on it
as our earth has. Statement

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 D. 1. R.N. Tagore was a famous author. (statement)
2. What is the time by your watch ? (question)
3. Always be ready to help others. (advice)
4. Call all the people here. (command)
5. Lend me your book, please. (request)
E. 1. Full stop
2. Interrogation mark
3. Full stop
4. Exclamation mark

5. Parts of a Sentence
A. Subject Predicate
1. Sheela – has a very good memory.
2. Bad habits – grow unconsciously.
3. The early bird – catches the worm.
4. He – was very kind to the poor.
5. Aladdin – had a wonderful lamp.
6. Akbar – was the greatest Mughal emperor.
B. 1. All roads lead to Rome. roads
2. A wheel of the cart came off suddenly. wheel
3. May God forgive you for your sins ! God
4. Borrowed garments never fit well. garments
5. The hind legs of a camel are crooked. legs
6. The trunk of an elephant is very useful. trunk
C. 1. The earth revolves round the sun.
2. A mango smells very sweet.
3. The stars twinkle in the sky.
4. The Himalayas lie in the north of India.
5. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife.
6. The top of this table is round in shape.

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 D. 1. Hercules is famous for his strength.
2. We celebrate Deepawali all over India.
3. A donkey carries heavy loads.
4. Horses pull tongas and buggies for us.
5. Cleanliness ranks next to godliness.
6. Cows have front teeth in the upper jaw only.
7. Gandhiji is called the father of the nation.

6. Word – Classes
A. Sentences Parts of Speech
1. Hari is a good boy. Adjective
2. The child is weeping loudly. Adverb
3. He is poor, but honest. Conjunction
4. The thief jumped over the fence. Preposition
5. Sheela’s uncle lives in Bangalore. Verb
6. I have sent him a present. Pronoun
7. The sun is the chief source of energy. Determiner
8. Hurray ! daddy has brought toys for me. Interjection
9. Mangoes and oranges are juicy fruits. Noun

7. Parsing
A. 1. My uncle sent me a birthday-present. Determiner
2. A good horse can trot or run fast. Conjunction
3. The rabbit is hiding under the bush. Preposition
4. The eagle is the king of birds. Noun
5. The pigeons flew away with the net. Verb
6. He is old yet he can run fast. Conjunction
7. Hush ! the baby is sleeping soundly. Interjection
8. I always do my homework carefully. Adverb
9. Tall trees do not give much shade. Adjective

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 8. Nouns – concrete, abstract
A. 1. concrete 2. abstract 3. concrete
4. concrete 5. abstract

9. Nouns – proper, common

A. A proper noun is a name given to a particular person or place.
Taj Mahal, Himalayas, Ganges, Ritu.

B. A common noun is a name given to persons or things of the

same class.
Cow, dog, fruit,  tree.

C. Sentences Common Proper

Nouns Nouns
1. The Yamuna flows through
many towns. towns The Yamuna
2. India is the best of all lands. lands India
3. The Ramayana is a famous book. book The Ramayana
4. Maruti is a popular car. car Maruti
5. New Delhi is the national capital. capital New Delhi
6. The Rajputs are true warriors. warriors The Rajputs

D. 1. carpenter : The carpenter does manual work.

2. village : There is a government school in our village.
3. soldier : The soldiers are put on hard duties during war.
4. stranger : A stranger is an unknown person.

E. 1. Mumbai : Mumbai is one of the metropolitan cities of

India.
2. Taj Mahal : Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan in memory
of his wife.
3. The Ganga : The Ganga is a holy river of the Hindus.
4. London : London is one of the most famous cities of
the world.

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 10. WHAT THEY DO FOR US
A. 1. A person who sells bread and biscuits Baker
2. A person who makes furniture Carpenter
3. A person who makes articles in iron Ironsmith
4. A person who drives a vehicle Driver
5. A person who runs a shop Shopkeeper
6. A person who does electric jobs Electrician
7. A person who repairs taps and pipes Plumber
8. A person who brings us our mail Postman
9. A person who keeps an eye on bad characters Policeman
10. A person who puts out fire in fire-accidents Fire-man
11. A person who cures us when we are unwell Doctor
12. A person who teaches in a school Teacher

11. Nouns – Collective

A. Collective nouns are names used for collection of common
nouns. Examples are class, army, bunch, gang.
B. 1. flock : A flock of sheep passes by our house daily.
2. team : A team should always play in high spirit.
3. shoal : There is a shoal of fish in the village pond.
4. grove : Our park has a grove of trees.
C. Sentences Collective Common
Noun Noun
1. The tea-set is on the table. tea-set table
2. A pack of hounds passed by me. pack hounds
3. A flock of sheep is grazing. flock sheep
4. The lioness bore a small litter. litter lioness
5. He found a shoal of fish. shoal fish
6. A pride of lions was lying there. pride lions
7. There was a herd of cattle in
the field. herd cattle

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 7

 8. A pack of wolves went up
the river. pack wolves
9. There was a bunch of keys
on the table. bunch keys
10. A troop of monkeys arrived at
the scene. troop monkeys

12. Abstract Nouns

A. 1. Honesty is always respected. honesty
2. Pride goes before a fall. pride
3. The child began to jump out of joy. joy
4. The Taj Mahal is a model of beauty. beauty
5. Our deeds bring us good or bad rewards. deeds
6. Virtue cannot be bought with money. virtue
7. Humayun was a model of kindness. kindness
8. We should never let sorrow overtake us. sorrow
B. friend : friendship scholar : scholarship
carpenter : carpentry member : membership
child : childhood king : kingship
C. patient : patience false : falsehood
real : reality deep : depth
holy : holiness able : ability
D. attract : attraction behave : behaviour
hate : hatred choose : choice
know : knowledge educate : education
E. gain : Profit joy : gaiety
grief : Sorrow tallness : Height
war : Battle chum : friend
F. proud : Humble happiness : sorrow
ugliness : Beauty folly : wisdom
stupid : Clever love : HATRED

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 13. Nouns – Number
A. day : days church : churches
monkey : monkeys mango : mangoes
stereo : stereos cliff : cliffs
loss : losses photo : photos
crowd : crowds baby : babies
child : children gentleman : gentlemen
wife : wives half : halves
B. 1. I could hear the cries of the children.
2. The horses eat grains but the cows eat grass.
3. Bird builds its nest in a tree.
4. My books are in my desks.
5. Dogs bark and cats mew.
6. The boys threw stones at the birds.
C. 1. Houses have roofs.
2. She wants some more rice.
3. Cows give us milk.
4. She has two babies.
5. There are many knives on the table.
6. Here are two books.
7. Ram and Shyam are friends.

14. NounS – Gender

A. house N chair N tree N actor M
heir M stone N duke M book N
friend C hunter M cousin C bird C

B. priestess duchess princess

cow-calf actress heiress
traitress maidservant niece
nun madam duck

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 9

 C. widower boar cock-sparrow
negro gander ram
host prince governor
gentleman count tiger

D. 1. This farmer has oxen, he buffaloes, she-goats and hens.

2. Tigresses, vixens, lionesses and peahens live in forests.

E. parent child friend servant cousin

15. Pronouns : Personal, Reflexive

A. Sentences Pronoun Person

1. They have gone boating in the river. They third

2. This blue shirt is hers. hers third
3. You must look before leaping. You second
4. Those toy-guns are theirs. theirs third
5. She is a tall slim lady. She third
6. All of them are brothers. them third
7. Let us play a friendly cricket match. us first
8. I do not believe it. I first
9. We must learn how to live peacefully. We first
10. They went to work early today. They third

B. 1. Have a long morning walk daily. You will soon regain health.
2. Hello, Ria! Are you ready for the exam?
3. We enjoyed our holidays very much at Shimla.
4. They went to the fair and enjoyed swing-rides there.
5. My dog is named Moti. It is very faithful.
6. She called me bad names for no fault of mine.
7. We shall go to see the exhibition on Sunday.

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 16. Pronouns : Interrogative, Relative
A. Sentences Pronouns Kinds
1. What have you got in your hand ? What Interrogative
2. Whom were you talking of ? Whom Interrogative
3. That is the boy who lent me his pen. Who Relative
4. What is this noise about ? What Interrogative
5. This is the child that got lost in the fair. That Relative
6. Which of the two pens is yours ? Which Interrogative
7. I can’t follow what he wants after all. What Relative
B. 1. Who do you think he is ?
2. Whose is this beautiful shirt ?
3. Who spoke these insulting words ?
4. What made you laugh so loudly ?
5. Whom did you give your watch ?
6. Which is the better – this book or that ?
7. What would you choose – honour or wealth ?
C. 1. Listen carefully to what I say.
2. God helps those who help themselves.
3. That is the boy who beat up my brother.
4. Here is the dog that chased our cat.
5. This is the storybook that my father gave me.
D. 1. Give me the pen. You borrowed the pen from me.
2. I knew the actor. The actor died last night.
3. This is a story. The story is worth reading.
4. Here is the sum. We could not solve the sum.
5. There goes the mouse. The mouse helped the lion.
6. He is a friend. He helps you in need.
7. That is the boy. His mother is looking for him.
E. 1. An interrogative pronoun stands for a noun and at the same
time asks a question about that very noun.
2. A relative pronoun stands for a noun and at the same time
relates two statements.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 11

 17. Determiners
A. Sentence Possessive
Determiners
1. His brother is a very capable person. his
2. Our cricket team has won the match. our
3. Her complexion is extremely fair. her
4. Your donkey is carrying a heavy load. your
5. Our capital is a very ancient city. our
6. The poor cricket broke its leg. its
7. My weight is around 70 kilograms. my
8. Their grandmother passed away yesterday. their

B. 1. Is that your blouse, Susan ?

2. They have broken all their toys.
3. Take off your shoes and come in.
4. My motherland is the best land of all.
5. The face of a woman is her real ornament.
6. Here is my dog. Its tail is curved.
7. His uncle has sent him a wrist watch.
8. My elder brother is a fast bowler.

C. 1. your : Your coat is black.

2. their : Their garden is full of flower plants.
3. her : Her appearance is attractive.
4. my : My pen writes smoothly.
5. our : Our sister is a gold medallist in science.
6. its : There is a big tree near our house. Its stem is very
wide.
7. his : His activities are like that of a mad man.
D. Sentences Possessive Possessive
Pronoun Determiner
1. That was the happiest day of my life. my

2. Which of these frocks is hers ? hers
3. Take this orange and remove its peel. its
12 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4
 4. All these play-things are mine. mine
5. Curly hair add to her beauty a lot. her
6. New Delhi is my native town. my
7. Their request cannot be considered. their
8. Are these bats and pads theirs ? theirs
9. Susan lost her shoes yesterday. her
10. This is a hat. It is hers, I think. hers

18. Adjectives
A. Sentences Adjectives
1. He is an intelligent person. intelligent
2. Susan is a tall girl. tall
3. The donkey is carrying a heavy load. heavy
4. Varanasi is an ancient city. ancient
5. Napoleon was a great general. great

B. 1. an easy sum 10. a beautiful girl

2. a dark night 11. a grey ball
3. an honest man 12. a deep lake
4. the rising sun 13. a clean tooth
5. a narrow street 14. an important person
6. a fresh fruit 15. a straight line
7. a small house 16. a brave soldier
8. a good boy 17. an elderly widow
9. an empty vessel 18. a pleasant climate

C. 1. an obedient servant 10. a thick forest

2. a rude master 11. a slim boy
3. a difficult task 12. a great leader
4. a white shirt 13. a fat lady
5. an early riser 14. an old man
6. a tall girl 15. a naughty boy
7. a sharp knife 16. an evening stroll
8. a high mountain 17. a ripe fruit
9. a hot-dry weather 18. curly hair
Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 13
 D. 1. quiet : He is a quiet man.
2. pretty : She is a pretty girl.
3. sad : He is very sad these days.
4. merry : He is in merry mood.
5. noisy : The landlord has created a noisy scene.
6. dirty : Wash your dirty hands before taking food.
7. narrow : He had a very narrow escape today.
8. triangular : There is a triangular park in front of our house.
9. dreadful : In some pictures, very dreadful scenes are
shown.
10. honest : Mohan’s father is an honest man.
E. An adjective is a word that qualifies or adds to the meaning
of a noun.
1. Radha is a pretty girl. 2. Lion is a wild animal.

19. Adjectives – quality, Proper

A. Sentences Adjectives
1. The Sri Lankan captain won the toss. Proper
2. The wind is cold. Quality
3. German people are very hardworking. Proper
4. Indian wives are very faithful. Proper
5. I want to help the old man. Quality
B. 1. A proper adjective is always formed from a proper noun.
Four example are :- Indian cow, Russian cloth, Mughal king,
German people.
2. An adjective of quality describes the quality of its noun.
Four example are :- tall, pretty, obedient, curly
C. hungry, cunning, old, silly
D. India Indian Punjab Punjabi
Kerala Keralite Delhi Delhiite
Assam Assamese Tamil Nadu Tamilian
America American Goa Goan
Nagaland Naga Rome Roman

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 20. Adjectives – Degrees of comparison
A. Positive Comparative Superlative
small smaller smallest
clear clearer clearest
long longer longest
fine finer finest
angry angrier angriest
thick thicker thickest
B. 1. It is cold to-day, but it was colder yesterday.
2. He is wise, but his father was wiser.

3. This book is thick, but that one is thicker.

4. She is tall, but her sister is taller.

5. This bridge is narrow, but the next one is narrower.
C. 1. The horse is stronger than a donkey.
2. A yard is shorter than a metre.
3. The Himalayas are higher than the Alps.
4. Blood is thicker than water.
5. The moon is smaller than the earth.

21. Similes
A. 1. as quick as lightning 11. as pale as death
2. as good as gold 12. as clever as a fox
3. as dumb as a statue 13. as white as milk
4. as hard as diamond 14. as cold as ice
5. as clear as crystal 15. as light as air
6. as bold as a lion 16. as regular as a clock
7. as blind as a bat 17. as soft as silk
8. as black as coal 18. as sweet as honey
9. as dark as night 19. as sharp as a razor
10. as busy as a bee 20. as dry as dust

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 15

 22. Verbs : Intransitive, Transitive
A. 1. The child cried aloud out of fear. Intransitive
2. The girl fixed a hair-clip to her hair. Transitive
3. A severe famine occurred in the dry region. Intransitive
4. The lost child wept bitterly for his parents. Intransitive
5. The mouse looked at the snake in fear. Transitive
6. You are wasting your money on this project. Transitive
7. The door squeaked when pushed inside. Intransitive
8. The girl ran across the road quite fast. Intransitive
9. He has committed a big folly. Transitive
10. The snake-charmer showed his show. Transitive

B. 1. The birds sang sweetly.

2. The sun rises in the morning.
3. Children grow fast with rich and healthy food.
4. The temple bell rang at 4 o’clock early in the morning.
5. The child slept soundly in the cradle.
6. Green grass grows in fields during the rainy season.

C. 1. The horse kicked the boy.

2. Parents bring up their children with deep love and care.
3. Time heals all wounds.
4. Every living creature needs food, shelter and safety.
5. The lion caught the tiny mouse in its big paw.
6. The bee saw the dove, its friend, in danger.

23. Verbs – simple Tenses

A. 1. Good children always speak the truth.
2. You look very sad and upset today.
3. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
4. Mohan works hard at his studies.

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 B. 1. We went to see the Taj Mahal on a moonlit night.
2. The labourer did his work very honestly.
3. The clouds thundered loudly in the sky.

C. 1. I shall stand by you through thick and thin.

2. We shall go out for a walk in the pleasant moonlight.
3. They will not make such a mischief again.

D. 1. Your brother does not look happy today.

2. Do they not go for a walk in the morning daily ?
3. It does not always rain cats and dogs.
4. We did not buy any vegetables from the market.
5. Did the rose smell really sweet ?
6. Did the player kick the ball very hard ?
7. The cook shall boil the milk before I wake up.
8. The birds shall make a nest in the ventilator.
9. The old man shall have a walk in the park.

E. 1. She sang sweetly.

2. He wrote to his father every week.
3. The old woman sat in the sun.
4. Abdul felt sorry for his faults.
5. I forgot his name.
6. He looked very suspicious.

24. Verbs – Principal Parts

A. 1. laugh laughed laughed
2. drive drove driven
3. bind bound bound
4. know knew known
5.
hurt hurt hurt
6. take took taken
7. sit sat sat

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 B. 1. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
2. The tortoise moved slowly but he won the race.
3. She is late because she missed the bus.
4. She had worked all day.
5. These books cost me a hundred rupees.

25. Verbs – progressive Tenses

A. 1. We are looking at the blackboard carefully.
2. She is writing a letter to her elder brother.
3. The Principal is scolding the boy for coming late.
B. 1. The teacher was punishing the latecomers.
2. The dog was barking loudly at the stranger.
3. The passengers were packing up their luggage.
C. 1. The labourers will be trying hard to lift the heavy stone.
2. Some people will be spreading false rumours in the town.
3. Good boys will be working hard at their lessons.
D. 1. The gardener is not watering the plants.
2. The farmers were ploughing the field.
3. She will not be preparing tea for us.
4. The moon was waning day by day.
5. Why is she talking so rudely ?
6. The teacher will not be teaching a new lesson tomorrow.
E. 1. The birds are building their nests.
Int. Are the birds building their nests ?
Neg. The birds are not building their nests.
Neg.-Int. Are the birds not building their nests ?
2. The labourers are digging the canal.
Int. Are the labourers digging the canal ?
Neg. The labourers are not digging the canal.
Neg.-Int. Are the labourers not digging the canal ?
F. 1. The lion was roaring loudly in the forest.
Int. Was the lion roaring loudly in the forest ?
Neg. The lion was not roaring loudly in the forest.
Neg.-Int. Was the lion not roaring loudly in the forest ?
18 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4
 2. The shepherd was grazing his flock on the hillside.
Int. Was the shepherd grazing his flock on the hillside ?
Neg. The shepherd was not grazing his flock on the
hillside.
Neg.-Int. Was the shepherd not grazing his flock on the
hillside ?
G. 1. It will be raining heavily tonight.
Int. Will it be raining heavily to-night ?
Neg. It will not be raining heavily to-night.
Neg.-Int. Will it not be raining heavily to-night ?
2. The king will be holding his court at that time.
Int. Will the king be holding his court at that time ?
Neg. The king will not be holding his court at that time.
Neg.-Int. Will the king not be holding his court at that time ?

26. Verbs – Perfect Tenses

A. 1. The tailor has stitched all my clothes.
2. My sister has done her homework.
3. It has stopped raining now.
4. The sun has appeared from behind the horizon.
B. 1. Our jawans had defeated the enemy.
2. Mother had cooked a special dish for us.
3. The shopkeepers had closed their shops.
4. The thieves had broken into the rich man’s house.
C. 1. The sun will have risen by then.
2. The wolf will have killed the lamb then and there.
3. The farmer will have reaped the harvest by mid-April.
4. Everybody will have got ready for the picnic by 8 o’clock.
D. 1. The birds have flown to their nests.
2. The lightning had flashed before the thundering of the
clouds.
3. The show will have come to an end by then.
4. The children have not staged a short play.
5. The lion shall have killed the vain stag.
6. The cattle had grazed the entire grass of the pasture.
Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 19
 E. 1. You have wasted your time very carelessly.
Int. Have you wasted your time very carelessly ?
Neg. You have not wasted your time very carelessly.
Neg.-Int. Have you not wasted your time very carelessly ?
2. The wall-clock has just struck eleven.
Int. Has the wall clock just struck eleven ?
Neg. The wall-clock has just not struck eleven.
Neg.-Int. Has the wall-clock not just struck eleven ?

F. 1. My grandpa had fallen asleep before 10:00 p.m.

Int. Had my grandpa fallen asleep before 10:00 p.m. ?
Neg. My grandpa had not fallen asleep before
10:00 p.m.
Neg.-Int. Had my grandpa not fallen asleep before
10:00 p.m. ?
2. The king had awarded the painter handsomely.
Int. Had the king awarded the painter handsomely ?
Neg. The king had not awarded the painter handsomely.
Neg.-Int. Had the king not awarded the painter handsomely ?

G. 1. They will have come to my help by that time.

Int. Will they have come to my help by that time ?
Neg. They will not have come to my help by that time.
Neg.-Int. Will they not have come to my help by that
time ?
2. The children will have brushed their teeth after the meal.
Int. Will the children have brushed their teeth after the
meal ?
Neg. The children will not have brushed their teeth
after the meal.
Neg.-Int. Will the children not have brushed their teeth
after the meal ?

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 27. Adverbs
A. 1. She does her homework carefully. manner
2. He seldom comes here to see me. place
3. I always do things with care. time
4. Alok speaks to everyone politely. manner
5. Who is sitting outside the gate ? place
6. What were you doing then ? time
B. 1. The deer ran fast to save its life.
2. He is to reach here today.
3. A dead snake is lying outside.
4. Never disobey your parents.
5. Finish this job now and here.
C. Adverb of manner shows the manner in which actions are
done. It answers the question “how”.
D. Adverb of place shows the place where action is done. It
answers the question ‘where’.
E. Adverb of time shows the time when action is done. It answers
the question “when”.

28. AdVerbs – Degree of Comparison

A. 1. Renu writes better than Geeta.
2. Ramu listened very carefully but Gopal listened more
carefully.
3. Mohan asked the teacher earnestly, but Seeta asked more
earnestly.

4. Our team played skilfully, but their team played more
skilfully.

5. He worked hard to pass in the examination, but she worked
harder to come in the merit list.
B. 1. high higher highest
2. late later latest
3. loudly more loudly most loudly
4. much more most
5. soon sooner soonest
Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 21
 29. prepositions
A. 3. The sun-rays give out heat and light.
1. Prices are coming down slowly.
2. I cannot put up with such an insult.
4. I put on my dress and left for school.
5. The thieves made off with all the cash and ornaments.

B. 1. towards us 2. floated over

3. drew up 4. rose up
5. broke up 6. went up
7. tumbled off

C. 1. give up We should give up our bad habits.

2. go up We should always try to go up in our life.
3. come across While going for morning walk, I came across
a snake.
4. break down At last the enemy had to break down after
heavy loss.
5. make merry The children made merry in the park.

30. Subject-verb Agreement

A. 1. We go out for a morning walk everyday.
2. Deer run very, very fast indeed.
3. A deer runs very, very fast indeed.
4. They have done their job very well.
5. Farmers are reaping the ripe harvest.
6. A farmer has to work very hard on the fields.
B. 1. The legs of this table are long.
2. The king with his queens is coming today.
3. Mohan and Sohan are very fast friends.
4. Mohan or Sohan is to do this job.

22 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 C. 1. Bread and butter is a perfect food.
2. The bread and the butter are becoming costly.
3. A black and white cow is grazing in the field.
4. A black and a white cow are grazing in the field.
D. 1. A chair with three legs singular
2. A chair and its legs plural
3. The king and his nobles plural
4. The king with his nobles singular
E. 1. A black and white cow
2. A black and a white cows
3. An old and weak man
4. An old and a weak men

31. Synonyms
A. 1. mistake error 2. admire praise
3. enemy foe 4. happy bliss
5. small tiny 6. silent quiet
7. order command 8. untidy disorderly
B. 1. We must speak to others gently and politely.
2. You must keep clean and tidy.
3. Success brings in happiness and bliss.
4. Thick bushes were growing in the dense forest.

32. Antonyms
A. 1. sell buy 2. slim fat
3. barren fertile 4. sharp blunt
5. kind cruel 6. shallow deep
7. large small 8. little more
B. 1. Trees are tall but shrubs are short.
2. Truth always get over falsehood.
3. I have seen many ups and downs in life.
4. Let me know the ins and outs of your case.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 23

 34. Paragraph writing
A. Importance of Cleanliness

Cleanliness is next to godliness. Keep your body clean and wear
clean clothes. Do not throw bits of paper here and there. Keep
your room neat and clean. Keep your books arranged and well
maintained. Let your things be kept in an orderly manner.
Above all, keep your mind pure and free from evil thoughts.
Keep your surroundings clean.
B. Importance of Walking

A walk taken in the morning or in the evening is always good.
The number of persons who are fond of walking has reduced,
yet the importance of walking cannot be overlooked. Any work,
physical or mental tires the mind and the body. A regular walk
either in the morning or in the evening refreshes both the body
and the mind. A walk, if it is made a habit, will do good in
the long run.

35. Picture Composition

1. We see a greengrocer selling vegetables to a lady customer
in his shop.
2. A greengrocer is sitting in the shop.
3. He sells vegetables in his shop.
4. He weighs the vegetables with the help of a balance and
weights.
5. A lady customer is also seen is the picture.
6. We see brinjal, cauliflower, potato in the picture.

36. Essay Writing

A. 1. Mahatma Gandhi
any great leaders have taken birth on Indian soil. Mohan Das Karam
M
Chand Gandhi popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi was born in a
middle class family in Gujarat on 2nd October, 1869.
e was an average student at school but showed signs of future
H
greatness. He did not obey his teacher to copy from a fellow student

24 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

to show better performances to the school Inspector who visited
the school. He was influenced by Harish Chandra’s truthfulness and
Sarvana’s service to his parents.
fter Matriculation in India, he went to England to study Law after
A
which he returned to India. Sometime later he went to South Africa.
He saw that the Indians were badly discriminated there. He fought
for their rights despite threats by the white regime there.
e returned to India and impressed Indian leaders with his life-
H
principal of Ahimsa (non-violence). With this weapon, he continued
freedom struggle and ultimately won it in August 1947. He taught
Indians the dignity of labour. He did not favour such a system of
education to produce clerks only. He advocated basic education
which could accommodate Indian traditions. He impressed everyone
with simplicity of his life-style, sincerity of purpose and strength of
character. On 30th January, 1948, he fell to the bullets of a misguided
Indian youth.
2. The Postman
he postman is a useful public servant. He is known almost to all
T
he is concerned with. He can be seen going on rounds everyday. He
wears a prescribed uniform. He carries letters.
he duty of a postman is very important. He must deliver the letters
T
at their exact destinations with the help of the addresses written
thereon. He is eagerly awaited by all as he brings good or bad news
from their relatives or friends.
postman has to be polite to discharge his duty well and smoothly.
A
His polite behaviour makes him dear to many families. He gets gifts
in cash or kind from such families on the occasion of some festivals
which they celebrate.
postman’s duty is very hard. He has to perform it in rain, sunshine,
A
summer or winter. To a common man, the postman is a symbol of
duty. He is an ideal government/public servant. We should all praise
him for his sincerity and punctuality.

B. 1. THE ELEPHANT
The elephant is a large grey or greyish-brown animal with a long
flexible trunk,prominent ears, thick legs, and pointed tusks. Elephants
are the largest living land animals. Three species of elephants remain
in existence today : the African elephant, African forest elephant and
Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 25
Asian or Indian elephant. Its peculiar feature is that it draws up water
by its trunk and squirts it all over its body. It can carry huge loads
and can pile timber. For these purposes man hunts and trains them.
Usually they live in the forest. They eat only vegetable food grains.

he African elephant is the larger animal. In Africa elephants are

T
hunted mainly for their tusks, which yield ivory and are of great
value. The Indian elephant has a smoother trunk and smaller ears.

n elephant will often travel a long way for water. Then it drinks as
A
much as possible, storing the water in its stomach. Elephants may
have as many as six sets of teeth in a lifetime of fifty years. An
adult male elephant is called a bull, an adult female is a cow and a
baby elephant is calf. Usually they live peacefully together. Elephants
move about mostly at night and sleep standing up during the day.
Their big feet and pillar like legs help them keep their balance, so
thy can rest while standing up. In spite of their size, they have been
domesticated for centuries.
2. A VISIT TO a ZOO
" All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." Last Sunday our class
went to the Delhi zoo. We reached the zoo in our school bus. The
entry to the zoo was by tickets. It was 11.30 a.m, a pleasant day.
We saw many deer of different kind and size. They were kept in the
large enclosures. There were ducks and swans. They were swimming
merrily. Next we saw monkeys. They were jumping from one branch
to another. A few of us offered them groundnuts and bananas. Then
we saw apes and gorillas. They were big in size. We saw fishes of
different kind swimming in ponds. They presented a pleasant sight.
Next to the fishes, were enclosures of lions. A few of them were
sitting calmly basking in the sun. One of them roared. It was a
frightening roar. By this time we were tired and hungry. We sat in
the shade of a huge tree and enjoyed our lunch boxes we had with
us. After about half an hour we got up and moved ahead. Next to
the lion's enclosures we saw panthers with black spots. They looked
ugly and scaring. We then saw foxes, hippopotamuses, elephants
and different kinds of birds. Peacocks were the best to look at with
their beautiful feathers. We also saw hyenas, crocodiles, giraffes and
zebras. It was a nice visit to the zoo. We came out and boarded our
school bus. From our school we went back to our homes. It was a
memorable visit.

26 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 3. A JOURNEY BY TRAIN
y elder sister lives in Pune and works there . I got an invitation
M
to spend my holidays with her. I booked a ticket in the Bombay-
Pune Mail. On the appointed day I reached the railway station. The
train was at the platform. I boarded it and found my seat. It was
near a window. The train halted at many stations. At every station
some passengers got down, while some others got into. The train
passed over bridges and rivers. There was a party of young men in
our compartment. They were having good fun. They were talking,
laughing and singing. They also played cards.
I n the morning at a distance I could see the mountains and clouds.
The scenery was very charming. There were many trees; the air was
fresh and cool; birds were chirping on the trees. I saw an old man
selling watermelons. My mouth watered at the sight of the ripe
watermelon. I bought a small watermelon. As I sat eating it, I could
not help admiring the beautiful sight and sounds of nature. Soon
the train got the signal and started to move out of the station. I
quickly scrambled up the train and took my berth and soon fell
asleep.I woke up after an hour and had my breakfast. The journey
had been very quiet and calm. Soon we were at the Pune station,
and all of us alighted from the train. My sister had come to receive
me. She was overjoyed to meet me.

4. A NATIONAL LEADER
ahatma Gandhi is the father of the nation. Under his able leadership,
M
India got freedom from foreign rule. He was born on 2nd October,
1869. He was an ordinary student but showed signs of future
greatness. He had deep faith in God. He became a barrister. In South
Africa he saw the way Asians were treated. They were victims of racial
prejudice. He fought against the rulers of white Government. He was
sent to jail many times but he was not scared of such punishments.
n his return to India he influenced the Indian masses with his
O
nonviolence or Ahimsa. Soon he became the leader of the Indian
National Congress. His two most powerful weapons were nonviolence
and Satyagraha. We achieved freedom without shedding any blood.
He worked for the unity of all the religions. He laid stress on hand-
made clothes. He discarded foreign clothes and goods. He believed
in simple living and high thinking. Even his enemies were impressed
by his simplicity, truthfulness, nonviolence, sincerity of purpose and
strength of character. He worked for the upliftment of the poor and
downtrodden.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 27

 e died on 30th January 1948, a few months after India got freedom.
H
He was the true torch bearer of our struggle for freedom. The best
tribute to him will be to follow the ways he had shown us.

5. A National FESTIVAL
iwali is an important festival of the Hindus. It is also called the
D
festival of lights. It generally falls in the month of October/November.
Children welcome this festival the most. It is said that the people
of Ayodhya, welcomed Ram with lights after fourteen years of exile
after killing the demons Ravana, Kumbhkarna and Meghnatha. This
festival also reminds us of the victory of good over evil. On the day
of Diwali people wear new clothes. Children buy fire crackers and
toys. At night the city looks like a fairy queen due to the lights over
roof tops, houses, shops etc. At night Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess
of wealth is worshipped. After Lakshmi pujan, people distribute
sweets among neighbours, friends and relatives. This develops sweet
relations. On the whole this festival is celebrated with great zeal and
religious feeling.

6. MY BEST FRIEND
I t is good to have friends. One's life without a friend is unpleasant.
One can share one's joys and sorrows with a friend. But to have a
true friend isn't so easy. I am fortunate to have a true friend. He
is Raja, my best friend and companion. He is of my age. He comes
of an educated and well-cultured family. He helps the poor and the
needy. He is very gentle and seldom gets angry. He believes in simple
living and high thinking. Everyone speaks highly of him. He is loved
and respected wherever he goes. He is a good player of football.
He also plays other games. He is healthy and strong. He helps me
in studies. He is good at studies and extra co-curricular activities.
He has won many certificates of merit. I am proud of him.

37. StorY WritING

1. The Clever Cock
There was a hungry fox. It was roaming in search of food. Fortunately,
it saw a cock picking grains outside a village. To have a good chance,
it laid nearby licking chops it got from somewhere. Getting the right
opportunity, the fox pounced on the cock and grabbed it under its
paws and later on to the mouth.

28 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 he fox ran away with the cock. Some children who were playing
T
nearby saw this and raised an alarm, “The fox has taken away our
cock.”
he people heard the words of the children. They chased the fox to
T
have their cock back. The cock said to the fox, “Tell them that now
I am yours, not theirs.” The fox placed the cock on the ground to
speak to them. The clever and wise cock ran away and jumped onto
a nearby tree to be safe. The wisdom of the cock saved its life.
Moral : Wisdom beats cunning.

2. Plan
Title : The Lion and the Mouse.
Setting : A lion is lying asleep under a shady tree.
Characters : A lion and a mouse.
Beginning : The story begins with a lion sleeping under a tree.
Main Events : A lion is asleep under a tree. A mouse comes and
jumps over the lion’s body. Lion gets disturbed
and catches the mouse under his paw. It gets
ready to kill the mouse, the mouse asks for
pardon, promises help. Lion encaged. Mouse
nibbles the net and frees the lion.
End : The lion is freed.
Moral : A good turn always deserves another.
The Lion and the Mouse
n a hot summer day, a lion was lying asleep under a shady tree. A
O
mouse was also living in a hole under the tree. The mouse came out
of its hole and jumped over the lion’s body. The lion woke up and
got very angry. It caught the mouse under its paws. It was ready to
kill the mouse. The mouse realised its mistake and requested to be
pardoned saying that it would help him in need. The lion laughed
loudly and let the mouse free.
After sometime, a hunter came to the forest. He saw the lion. He
cast his net over the sleeping lion. The lion was caught. It tried to
tear the net but could not.
The lion roared loudly. Hearing the sound, the mouse came there.
He called more mice. They nibbled the net together and set the lion
free. The lion thanked the mice and realised that one should never
think the small persons to be of little value.
Moral : A good turn always deserves another.

Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 29

 38. Invitations and Letters
A .1. ______________________ wants you to join us for going on a
picnic to Delhi Zoo on ___________ at 10 a.m.

2. __________ invites you to the marriage party of his sister on

__________ at his residence ________________.

3. Master Bhavanesh craves the presence of Miss Ritu to attend a

party to be held at his residence at 5:00 p.m. on Sunday to
mark his brilliant result in the annual examination.

1. ________________________
________________________
September 20__
Dear Papa
For a long time, I have been thinking to write you but I could
not do so due to my half yearly examinations.
I want to inform you that I have fared very well in the examinations
this time, compared to last time. I hope to secure nearly 100 per
cent marks in Maths, Sanskrit, G.K. and Computer. In English,
Hindi, Science and Social Studies too I hope to get more than
85 per cent marks if the marking is not very hard. I am satisfied
over my performance. I shall write to you after receipt of report
card. Please convey my respects to Dadaji and Dadiji and love
to Ritu.
Your loving son
ABC

2. ________________________
________________________
September 20__

Dear Papa
I am quite well here, our school is having holidays for few days
from tomorrow. My friends are going to Mussorie for a visit. They
have asked me also to join with them for two days, therefore
Papa would you be good enough to grant me the permission
to join with them.

30 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4

 Hope that you are well at home, How is Mummy ? Convey my
best regards and love to her.
Expecting your favourable replay

Yours loving son

ABC

3. ________________________
________________________
October 20___

Dear Harish
Thank you for your letter. You have asked me about my favourite
hobby. Well, my hobby is collecting stamps. I have been collecting
stamps for the past six years. Therefore, I have a bigger collection
than any of my friends here. The collection includes certain rare
stamps, sent by friends in other countries in return for those
which I sent to them.
The stamps can be not only delightful but also instructive. Each
stamp has a story to tell me of far away countries and strange
people. Looking through the stamps, I can follow the history of
nations with great interest.
Best wishes
Yours Sincerely
R.K Williams

4. ________________________
________________________
November 20___
Dear Friend
I feel extremely happy and delighted to receive your invitation
letter for the birthday party. I have already told my parents and
got the permission from them. I hope that we will enjoy the
company and make merry that day. Hoping to meet you shortly,
Yours loving friend
Ajithkumar
Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4 31
 5. To
The principal

________________________ (School Name)

________________________ (Place)

Sir
I humbly beg to state that I can't attend the school since I will
be going to attend a marriage. Therefore I request you to grant
me leave for two days. I assure you that I 'll do my home work
with the help of my classmates.

Thanking you
Yours obediently

6. ________________________
________________________
Sep. _______________

Dear friend
Our schools are going to close in the first week of next month. I
know that you love the hills of Himachal. I invite you to spend
few days in Simla with us. It is a nice place that gives a cool
and soothing effect to heart and mind. I hope that you will
accept this invitation, I am looking forward to your arrival.

Yours truly
ABC

39. Comprehension
A. 1. Abraham Lincoln lived on a farm in Kentucky.
2. Abraham Lincoln’s father moved to Illinois after selling his
farm.
3. Abraham Lincoln’s family travelled in a covered wagon pulled
by two strong oxen to Illinois.
4. It was difficult to move from one place to another due to
severe winter season.
5. Wagon

32 Key to An Easy Approach to Gram. & Comp. 4