UNDERSTANDING NUMBERS

Name Number Groups of (3) Zeros NUMBER OF

of Zeros DIGITS=NUMBERS
OF ZERO+1
Ten 1 (10) 2
Hundred 2 (100) 3
Thousand 3 (1,000) 4
Ten thousand 4 (10,000) 5
Hundred 5 (100,000) 6
thousand
Million 6 2 (1,000,000) 106 OR 7
10 lac OR 1 million
Billion 9 3 (1,000,000,000) (a 10
thousand millions)
Trillion 12 4 (1,000,000,000,000) 13
Quadrillion 15 5

 Hr 3 digit ke bad aik comma.

o 400,000 500,000 7,800,000
 100 multiplied by 10=1000
 1000 multiplied by 10=10,000
 10000 multiplied by 10= 100,000
 100,000 multiplied by 10=1,000,000
 103=10*10*10
1. NUMBERS HAVE 3 THINGS DIGIT-VALUE-PLACE VALUE
2. Using this system you can write and understand any whole number but
as you are probably aware numbers are not limited to only whole
numbers. You also need ways to represent parts of whole numbers. The
two ways that you do this is by using either decimal numbers, like 3.25,
or fractions.
3. Parts of the whole – decimal numbers
4. EVERY NUMBER HAS
 Digit=
o 0-9
 Value=
 o Any(Words) Face Value
 Place Value=
o Place Value Can Be Defined As The Value Represented By A Digit In A
Number On The Basis Of Its Position In The Number.

Here’s an example showing the relationship between the place or position and the place value of
the digits in a number.

In 13548, 1 is in ten thousands place and its place value is 10,000,

3 is in thousands place and its place value is 3,000,
5 is in hundreds place and its place value is 500,
4 is in tens place and its place value is 40,
8 is in ones place and its place value is 8.

Understanding the place value of digits in numbers helps in writing numbers in their expanded
form. For instance, the expanded form of the number above, 13548 is 10,000 + 3,000 + 500 + 40
+ 8.

A place value chart can help us in finding and comparing the place value of the digits in numbers
through millions. The place value of a digit increases by ten times as we move left on the place
value chart and decreases by ten times as we move right.
STANDARD VS EXPANDED FORM
Here’s an example of how drawing the place value chart can help in finding the place value of a
number in millions.

In 3287263, 3 is in millions place and its place value is 3000000,

2 is hundred thousands place and its place value is 200000,
8 is in ten thousands place and its place value is 80000,
7 is in thousands place and its place value is 7000,
2 is in hundreds place and its place value is 200,
6 is in ten place and its place value is 60,
3 is in ones place and its place value is 3.
The place value of digits in numbers can also be represented using base-ten blocks and can help
us write numbers in their expanded form.
Here’s how the number 13548 can be represented using base-ten blocks.
 Decimal Place Value
Decimal numbers are fractions or mixed numbers with denominators of powers of ten. In a
decimal number, the digits to the left of the decimal point represent a whole number. The digits
to the right of the decimal represent the parts. The place value of the digits becomes 10 times
smaller.
The first digit on the right of the decimal point means tenths i.e.
ONES=UNIT PLACE

DECIMAL PART=1/FRACTION .

In 27.356, 27 is the whole number part,

2 is in tens place and its place value is 20,
7 is in ones place, and its place value is 7.
There are three digits to the right of the decimal point,

3 is in the tenths place, and its place value is 0.3 or ,

5 is in the hundredths place, and its place value is 0.05 or ,

6 is in the thousandths place, and its place value is 0.006 or .

Fun Facts
 Place value and face value are not the same. The face value of a number is the value of the digit or numeral its
instance, the face value of 2 in 12783 is 2.
 Place Value Table
Number Place Value FACE Value of digit

67,891,234 Units / Ones 4

PLACE=GROUP OF ONES

67,891,234 Tens=GROUPS OF TENS 30

67,891,234 Hundreds=GROUPS OF 200

HUNDREDS

67,891,234 Thousands=GROUPS OF 1,000

THOUSAND

67,891,234 Ten thousand 90,000

67,891,234 Hundred thousand 800,000

67,891,234 Millions 7,000,000

67,891,234 Ten million 60,000,000

IT USES DIFFERENT
NUMBER PLACES TO
COUNT DIFFERENT SIZE
OF NUMBER GROUPS WE
HAVE FOR EX….
DIGIT IN ONES PLACE
TELL HOW MANY ONES
WE HAVE
DIGIT IN TENS PLACE
TELL HOW MANY TENS
WE HAVE

DIGIT IN HUNDRED PLACE=TELL HOW MANY GROUP OF HUNDRED WE HAVE

ROUNDING DECMIALS AND ROUNDING NUMBER

ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS ~

GET THESE RULES FOR ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS

CASE A: For example, if only one decimal is to be

In rounding off numbers, the last figure kept, then 6.422 becomes 6.4.
kept should be unchanged if the first
figure dropped is less than 5.

CASE B: For example, if only two decimals are to

In rounding off numbers, the last figure be kept, then 6.4872 becomes 6.49.
kept should be increased by 1 if the first Similarly, 6.997 becomes 7.00.
figure dropped is greater than 5.
 CASE C: For example, if only one decimal is to be
In rounding off numbers, if the first kept, then 6.6500 becomes 6.6.
figure dropped is 5, and all the figures
following the five are zero or if there are For example, if only two decimals are to
no figures after the 5, then the last be kept, then 7.485 becomes 7.48.
figure kept should be unchanged if that
last figure is even.

CASE D: For example, if only two decimals are to

In rounding off numbers, if the first be kept, then 6.755000 becomes 6.76.
figure dropped is 5, and all the figures
following the five are zero or if there are For example, if only two decimals are to
no figures after the 5, then the last be kept, 8.995 becomes 9.00.
figure kept should be increased by 1 if
that last figure is odd.

CASE E: For example, if only one decimal is to be

In rounding off numbers, if the first kept, then 6.6501 becomes 6.7.
figure dropped is 5, and there are any
figures following the five that For example, if only two decimals are to
are not zero, then the last figure kept be kept, then 7.4852007 becomes 7.49.
should be increased by 1.

EXAMPLES USED IN THE RULES

Number of First figure Last figure

Last figure
NUMBER decimal to be kept and/or number
to be kept
places desired dropped becomes

6.422 1 6.4 6.42 6.4

6.4872 2 6.48 6.487 6.49

6.997 2 6.99 6.997 7.00

6.6500 1 6.6 6.65 6.6

7.485 2 7.48 7.485 7.48

6.755000 2 6.75 6.755 6.76

8.995 2 8.99 8.995 9.00

6.6501 1 6.6 6.65 6.7

7.4852007 2 7.48 7.485 7.49

Expanded Notation
In an expanded version, we represent each digit of a number to its position
value. Let’s look at the 291233 number notation in more detail.
This may be expanded in three distinct ways:
22 ten thousands +9+9 thousands +1+1 hundred +2+2 tens +3+3 ones
(2×10,000)+(9×1,000)+(1×100)+(2×10)+(3×1)
20000+9000+100+20+320000+9000+100+20+3
Standard form of 60000+4000+40+6 is 64,046

COMPARING INDIAN VS INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM

The following observations about the Indian place -value system are shown
in the graph above:

1. The nine locations are divided into four time periods: one, thousands,
lakhs, and crores.
2. When writing the number in its numerical form, all periods are
separated by a comma.
3. The first period begins on the right and consists of three place values:
ones, tens, and hundreds.
4. Thousands are the second period, which has two place values:
thousands and ten thousand.
5. The third period is lakhs, which are two different place values: lakhs
and ten lakhs.
6. Crores is the fourth period, which has two place values: crores and
ten crores.
7. Except for the ones period, while reading a number, all the digits in
the same period are read simultaneously with the name of the period.
International Place Value Chart
The place value that is used in many countries of the world is called
International Place Value Chart. To understand the place value of each digit,
we put the number in place value chart so that we can identify each digit. In
International system we start grouping the number from right in group of 3,
called period and we put comma or space after each period to make the
number easily readable.

Let’s read this number according to International Place Value Chart.

37,987,450 – Thirty seven million nine hundred eighty seven thousand four
hundred fifty
100,000,150- One hundred million one hundred fifty
Indian Place Value Chart
Place value tells us the value of each digit in a numeral based on its position.
A place value chart helps us to recognize large numbers. We read place value
chart from left to right. In Indian system we start grouping the number from
right in group of 3 and further in group of 2.The place value chart have been
separated into groups called periods i.e. ones, thousands, lakhs and crores.

Let’s read this number according to Indian Place Value Chart.

3,56,245 – Three lakh fifty six thousand two hundred forty five
1,23,50,005- One crore twenty three lakh fifty thousand five

Periods Places Unit Digits No of Digits

Ones/unit place 1 1

Tens Tens 10 2

Hundreds 100 3

Thousands 1000 4
Thousands
Ten Thousands 10,000 5

Lakhs 1,00,000 6
Lakhs
Ten Lakhs 10,00,000 7

Crores 1,00,00,000 8
Crores
Ten Crores 10,00,00,000 9
Indian Place Value Chart International Place Value Chart

The nine locations are divided

There are nine locations divided into three
into four categories: ones,
periods: ones, thousands, and millions.
thousands, lakhs, and crores.

Examples of place values are Ones, tens, hundreds, thousands, t en

ones, tens, hundreds, thousand, hundred thousand,
thousands, ten thousand, lakhs,
millions, 1010 million, and hundred million are
ten lakhs, crores, and ten
crores. all examples of place values.

The units used in the Indian

The International place value chart uses
place-value table are lakhs and
millions and billions as units.
crores.
NUMBER OF ZEROS+1=GIVES NUMBER OF DIGITS

Here, the positional values of Indian and International numeral systems are explained below.

Indian Numeral System

Let us consider a number, say 225. Notice that the digit 2 is used twice in this number. Both of them
have a different value. We differentiate them by stating their place value, which is defined as the
numerical value of a digit on the basis of its position in a number. So, the place value of the leftmost
2 is Hundreds while the one in the center is Tens.
Coming back to the Indian numeral system, the place values of digits go in the sequence of Ones,
Tens, Hundreds, Thousands, Ten Thousand, Lakhs, Ten Lakhs, Crores and so on.
In the number 10,23,45,678 the place values of each digit are:

 8 – Ones
 7 – Tens
 6 – Hundreds
 5 – Thousands
 4 – Ten Thousand
 3 – Lakhs
 2 – Ten Lakhs
 0 – Crores
 1 – Ten Crores
The relationship between them is:

 1 hundred = 10 tens
 1 thousand = 10 hundreds = 100 tens
 1 lakh = 100 thousands = 1000 hundreds
 1 crore = 100 lakhs = 10,000 thousands

Indian Numeral System

How Many Zeros in 1 Crore?

There are 7 zeros in 1 crore.
We know, 1 crore = 100 lakhs, and 1 lakh is equivalent to 1,00,000
As there are 5 zeros in lakhs.
1 crore can be written as
1 crore = 100 (100000)
1 crore = 1, 00,00,000.
Thus, the number of zeros in 1 crore is 7.

International Numeral System

The place values of digits go in the sequence of Ones, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands, Ten Thousand,
Hundred Thousands, Millions, Ten Million and so on, in the international numeral system. In the
number 12,345,678 the place values of each digit are:

 8 – Ones
 7 – Tens
 6 – Hundreds
 5 – Thousands
 4 – Ten Thousand
 3 – Hundred Thousands
 2 – Millions
 1 – Ten Million
The relations between them are:

 1 hundred = 10 tens
 1 thousand = 10 hundreds = 100 tens
 1 million = 1000 thousand
 1 billion = 1000 millions

International Numeral System

How Many Zeros in a Million?

There are 6 zeros in a million. (i.e., 1 million = 1, 000, 000)
We can say 1 million = 1000 thousand.
We know that, 1 thousand = 1000.
As there are 3 zeros in a thousand,
1 million is written as
1 million = 1000 (100)
1 million = 1, 00, 0000
Hence, the number of zeros in a million is 6.

Comparison Between Indian and International Numeral System

Comparing the two numeral systems we observe that:

 100 thousand = 1 lakh

 1 million = 10 lakhs
 10 millions = 1 crore
 100 millions= 10 crores

Placement of Commas
Commas are placed in large numbers to help us read and write them easily. In Indian and
international systems, the commas are placed at different positions.
As per the Indian numeral system, the first comma is placed after the hundreds place post which
they are placed after every two digits. E.g., 1,23,45,67,890
As per the international numeral system, the first comma is placed after the hundreds place, post
which they are placed after every three digits. E.g., 1,234,567,890
Use Place Value to Name Whole Numbers

When you write a check, you write out the number in words as well as in digits. To write a
number in words, write the number in each period followed by the name of the period without
the ‘s’ at the end. Start with the digit at the left, which has the largest place value. The commas
separate the periods, so wherever there is a comma in the number, write a comma between the
words. The ones period, which has the smallest place value, is not named.

So the number 37,519,248 written thirty-seven million, five hundred nineteen thousand, two
hundred forty-eight.
Notice that the word and is not used when naming a whole number.

NAME A WHOLE NUMBER IN WORDS

1. Starting at the digit on the left, name the number in each period, followed by the period
name. Do not include the period name for the ones.ONES ME “ – “
2. Use commas in the number to separate the periods.

EXAMPLE

Name the number 8,165,432,098,7108,165,432,098,710 in words.

Solution

Begin with the leftmost digit, which is88. It is in the trillions place. eight trillion

The next period to the right is billions. one hundred sixty-five billi

The next period to the right is millions. four hundred thirty-two mill

The next period to the right is thousands. ninety-eight thousand

The rightmost period shows the ones. seven hundred ten

Putting all of the words together, we write 8,165,432,098,710 as eight trillion, one hundred sixty-five
billion, four hundred thirty-two million, ninety-eight thousand, seven hundred ten.
Numbers must be read from left.
Each number in a number can be associated to a a name that
describes its position, its rank. The best known are the numbers
of the units, tens, hundreds, thousands for integer numbers, or
the numbers of the tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc for
decimal numbers. but there are others (all of them can be
described). Here is a list/chart/table in English:
1 Units (Once) Digit 1
10 Tens (Tence) Digit 2
100 Hundreds Digit 3
1000 Thousands Digit 4
10000 Tens of Thousands Digit 5
100000 Hundreds of Thousands Digit 6
1,000,000 Millions Digit 7
1000000000 Billions Digit 10
0.1 Tenths 1st decimal place/point
0.01 Hundredths 2nd decimal place/POINT
0.001 Thousandths 3rd decimal place
0.0001 Ten Thousandths 4th decimal place
0.00001 Hundred Thousandths 5th decimal place
0.000001 Millionths 6th decimal place
0.000000001 Billionth 9th decimal place

Periods and Standard Form

The standard form of a number refers to a type of notation in which digits are separated into
groups of three by commas. These groups of three digits are known as periods. For example,
893,450,243 has three periods with three digits in each period, as shown below.

Place-Value Chart
Trillions Billions Millions Thousands Ones
8 9 3 4 5 0 2 4 3

Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O
ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n
ed n e ed n e ed n e ed n e ed n e
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s

Let’s examine the number of digits and periods in a greater number. The number of body cells
in an average adult human is about one hundred trillion. This number is written as
100,000,000,000,000. Notice that there are 15 digits and 5 periods. Here is how the number
would look in a place-value chart.

Place-Value Chart
Trillions Billions Millions Thousands Ones
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O
ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n
ed n e ed n e ed n e ed n e ed n e
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s

You are now familiar with the place values of greater numbers, so let’s examine a problem that
involves converting from standard form to a word name.

Converting Standard Form to Word Names

We often use word names to write numbers. A word name for 42 is “forty-two.” The total number
of weeks in a year, 52, is written as “fifty-two.”

For whole numbers with three digits, use the word “hundred” to describe how many hundreds
there are in the number. For example, for the number of days in a normal year, 365, the digit 3
is in the hundreds place. The word name for the number is “three hundred sixty-five.”
For whole numbers with four digits, begin the name with the number of thousands, followed by
the period name, as in the example below.

Example
Problem A man owes $2,562 on a car. Write the
word name for this.

Answer The word name is two thousand, five hundred

sixty-two.

For word names of greater numbers, begin at the left with the greatest period. For each period,
write the one- to three-digit number in the period, and then the period name. See the example
below.

Example
Problem The construction of a new athletic
center cost $23,456,390. Write the word
name for this number.

Answer The word name is twenty-three million, four

hundred fifty-six thousand, three hundred
ninety.

Converting Word Names to Standard Form

When converting word names to standard form, the word “thousand” tells you which period the
digits are in. See the example below.
 Example
Problem Forty-seven thousand, five hundred
eighty-six blueberries are produced on
a farm over the course of three years.
Write this number in standard form.

Forty-seven thousand

Five hundred eighty-six

Standard Notation is 47,586

Answer The number in standard form is 47,586.

Below is an example with a number containing more digits. The words “million” and “thousand”
tell you which periods the digits are in. The periods are separated by commas.

Example
Problem There are three hundred eight million, six
hundred thirty-two thousand, nine hundred
seventy-eight bacteria in a sample of soil. Write
this number in standard form.
 Answer The number in standard form is 308,632,978.

Some numbers in word form may not mention a specific period. For example, three million, one
hundred twelve written in standard form is 3,000,112. Because the thousands period is not
mentioned, you would write three zeros in the thousands period. You can use a place-value
chart to make it easier to see the values of the digits. See the example below.

Example
A company had a new office building constructed. The final
million, three hundred sixty-two dollars. Write this number in

Place-Value Chart
Billions Millions Thousands Ones
7 4 0 0 0 3 6

nes Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Tens Ones Hundreds Te
written in standard form is $74,000,362.

Writing Numbers in Expanded Form

Sometimes it is useful to write numbers in expanded form. In expanded form, the number is
written as a sum of the value of each digit.

Example
Problem During the week, Mike drives a total of
264 miles. Write 264 in expanded form.

First, identify the value of each digit.

In numerical form:
264 200
264 60
264 4
In word form:
264 2 hundreds
264 6 tens
264 4 ones
Then, write the numbers as a sum.
Answer 264 written in expanded form is

200 + 60 + 4, or
 2 hundreds + 6 tens + 4 ones, or

(2 • 100) + (6 • 10) + (4 • 1)

You can also use a place-value chart to help write a number in expanded form. Suppose the
number of cars and pick-up trucks in the U.S. at this very moment is 251,834,697. Place this
number in a place-value chart.

Place-Value Chart
Trillions Billions Millions Thousands Ones
2 5 1 8 3 4 6 9 7

Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O Hu T O
ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n ndr e n
ed n e ed n e ed n e ed n e ed n e
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s

2 hundred millions 200,000,000

+ 5 ten millions +50,000,000
+ 1 million +1,000,000
+ 8 hundred thousands +800,000
+ 3 ten thousands +30,000
+ 4 thousands +4,000
+ 6 hundreds +600
+ 9 tens +90
+ 7 ones +7

Summary

Whole numbers that are greater than 9 consist of multiple digits. Each digit in a given number
has a place value. To better understand place value, numbers can be put in a place-value chart
so that the value of each digit can be identified. Numbers with more than three digits can be
separated into groups of three digits, known as periods. Any whole number can be expressed in
standard form, expanded form, or as a word name.