Border Moulding PULP 179

24 Border Moulding
Ons-1Define border moulding.
Or,
Ans:
write a short note on [RU-Feb'
Border 161
molding, IDU-Aug'17, RU-Feb13]
Border moulding or
Border peripheral tracing:
moulding is defined as, "The shaping of an
the tissues adjacent to the Snaping an impression material
borders of the by the manipulation
mamputae or action or

impression."
[Ref-Deepak]
Qns-2. Mention the name of border
Or, Name the materials moulding materials. [DU-Aug'15, 11, RU-FeD" 1o
used for border
Ans: molding. [DU--Feb'18|
Border moulding materials:
The available materials a r e
Modeling compound sticks-available in
popular) a variety of colors like Gary, Green, etc. most
Autopolymerizing acrylic resins
Tissue conditioners
Polyether impression paste
Impression waxes
Periopak
[Ref-Manappallil]
Qns-3.Write down the importance of border moulding. [DU-Aug'15, 13
Or, Border molding is a necessary step of CD prosthesis-Justify.
Ans: [DU-Feb'18]
Importance of border moulding:
The oral environment is surrounded by muscles which are active as we
speak, chew, smile, swallow or
perform any of the numerous daily oral functions. These muscles can have a destabilizing effect on the
denture.
Border moulding shapes the impression borders and allows the muscles to function in
harmony
with the denture
Border moulding also improves the border seal of the denture
Border moulding is done to determine the contours, height and width of the borders of the
complete denture.

[Ref-Manappallil]
 Border Maulding PULP
Qns-4. Why border
Ans: moulding is done? (DU-Aug' To
Why border moulding is done:
Border moulding is done-
harmony with the den
1o shape the impression borders and allow the muscles to function
T o improve the
in
denture
border seal of the denture
(Ref-Manappali
Qns5. Briefly discuss the technique of border moulding. 13 of Ouer
or Describe one of those techniques
of those tecnnya* border
molding of l ques of border molding?
Ans:
DOrder
1.
moulding can be performed using two techniques nameiy
Single step or simultaneous border moulding
2. Incremental or sectional border moulding
Procedure of border
moulding:
Single step or simultaneous border moulding:
dnesive is applied on the outer surfaces and the inner borders of the tray
h e wax
along the periphery of the tray is scrapped oT
spacer
olyether impression material is mixed using less amount of catalyst to increase the working
time
The mix is then loaded in the
syringe
The material is
syringed along the borders of the tray and contoured using wet fingers
The patient should be seated in an
is placed on the mouth
upright position. The lips and cheeks are retracted and the tray
Deficiencies in the vestibule be filled using excess material from the
can
The other areas
following passive movements are performed-
The lips are first elevated and then extended
The cheek is elevated and then outwards, downwards and inwards
pulled outward, downward and inward
The buccal frenum is recorded by
The distobuccal region is recorded
pulling the cheek backwards and forwards
by
followed by opening the mouth wide andpulling
the cheek
outwards, downwards and inwards
Next the posterior part moving the mandible from side to side
the posterior border
of the palate is recorded. The patient is asked
to say "ah" while
A fter the border
moulding poly ether impression material
refining
The borders are examined for sets, the tray is
deticiencies and over removed
extensions and a master
Incremental or sectional border moulding: impression is made
Clinical procedure
The green stick compound is softened
over flame and added
the border is intended to be refined.
The material ddded along the
tempered portion
placing Intraorally. should be
r
of the tray
tray where
wher
with warm water before
 PULPT81

Figure: The green Stick compound should

be softened till it sags over a Bunsen Flame

Fig: The softened greenstick compound should be rolled and loaded over a
portion of the tray
The labial vestibule is refined first
followed by the buccal vestibule and the
The following passive movements are posterior palatal seal
performed-
The lips are first elevated and then
extended outwards, downwards and
The cheek is elevated and then inwards
The buccal frenum is recorded
pulled outward, downward and inward
The distobuccal
by pulling the cheek backwards and forwards
region is recorded by
inwards followed by opening the mouthpulling
the cheek outwards, downwards and
wide and moving the mandible from
side side to
After border moulding, the moulded section is immersed in cold water
Ref-Deepak]
-6. Briefly discuss about tray
preparation after border moulding.
Ans:
ay preparation after border moulding:
fter
border moulding, the tray should be prepared before making the secondary impression
ne wax spacer is removed to provide space for the impression material
to mm of the tracing material is removed from the outer, inner and top surfaces of the
border
Border Moulding
ULP

Fig: After Border be reduced

moulding upto 1 mm of the tracing compound should using a B.P. hbla
ne material over the posterior
palatal seal is not removed becausc
It enhances the
posterior palatal seal
It serves as a guide for
It positioningthe tray
prevents
aspiration of the
Greenstick compound is removed impression
material
or a bur using a scalpel and polyether is removed using either scalbe
The thickness of the flanges and the border
should be 2.5 to 3 mm

Figure: Holes are drilled into the

relief area to allow
Holes are drilled on the escapement of the
These holes are impression tray to allow
impression material.
placed in the areas
regions of the hard palate and the escapement of the
of the mid-palatine
during impression making residual ridge raphe, impression material
anterolateral
region. These holes and
posterolateral
prevent tissue
ue displacement
displacem
[Ref-Deepak
 PULP |83
Moulding
Bardar
M

s - 7 W r i t ed o w
the purpose of beading and boxing of impression material. [DU-Aug'14]

beading and boxing of impression material:

Purpose
o fb e a d i n g

3eadingis
Purpose ne to
done preserve the width and height of the sulcus in a cast
P u r p o s eo f b o x i n g ;

roobtain
a uniform, smooth, well-shaped base for the cast
[Ref-Deepak]
seribe the muscle or structural movements those are performed during maxillary border
Ons-6
moulding.

Ans:

Muscles o r . structural movements those are performed during maxillary and mandibular border
ulding:
ou ar structural movements those are performed during maxillary border moulding:
Muahial frenum and labial flange: The upper lips are first lifted up, and then extend outwards,
downwards and inwards. [This stimulates the movement of the labial frenum]
2.
Ruccal frenum and buceal flange: In the region of buccal frenum, the cheek is pulled upward,
then outward, downward and inward. [This stimulates the movement of buccal frenum]
3. Coronoid notch:
The activity of the coronoid process is recorded on the distobuccal
patient to open the mouth wide region by asking the
The patient is instructed to move the
jaw from side to side
4, Posterior palatal seal: The posterior part of the palate is recorded. The patient is asked to say
"ah" while refining the posterior border

Mascles or structural movements those are performed during mandibular border

moulding:
1. Labial frenum and labial flange: The lower lip is lifted outward, upward and inward
2. Buccal frenum: The cheek is lifted outward,
backward
upward, then inward and finally forward and
3. Buccal flange (distal to frenum): The cheek is moved
outward, upward and inward
4. Masseteric notch: The influence of the master muscle is seen in
the distobuccal corner. The
compound in this region is softened and the patient is asked to close his jaw against downward
pressure from the operator's thumb in the region of the molar
5. Lingual frenum and sublingual flange (from premolar to premolar):
The patient is instructed to wipe his lower lip from side to side with the tongue tip
.The patient is asked to protrude the tongue
(determines the height of the anterior lingual
flange and records the frenum)
.
Mylohyoid portion of lingual flange (premolar to molar area): Stick compound is placed
between the premylohyoid eminence and
postmylohyoid eminence.
To mould the right lingual flange the patient is instructed to bring the tongue in contact
with the left cheek. The left lingual flange is moulded similarly by
contacting the right
buccal mucosa.
Or,
Patient is asked to protrude the tongue. This determines the length of the flange in this
region
[Ref-Manappallil]
Jaw Relationship and Vertical Dimension PULP
no.
Jaw Reationship and
15
Vertic tmension
Qns-1. What is jaw relation? Classify jaw relation. Mention its Impor
Ans:
Jaw relation
(Maxillomandibular relation):
Jaw relation is defined as, "Any relation ofthe mandible to the maxilla.

Classification of jaw relation:

(Ref-Deepak
Boucher classified maxillomandibular relations into three groups-
1. Orientation jaw relation
Vertical jaw relation (vertical dimension)
Horizontal relation

Importance of jaw relation:

In the edentulous mouth., these three relations together help to determine the height of the dentures and
the way they are related to each other. In patients with natural teeth, the teeth determine how the jaws
are related to each. However, in edentulous patients, the maxillomandibular relations have to be
established by the dentist.
[Ref-Manappallil
Qns-2. What is orientation jaw relation?
Ans:
Orientation jaw relation:
It is defined as, "the jaw relation when the mandible is kept in its most posterior position, it can rotate n
the sagittal plane around an imaginary transverse axis passing through or near the
condyles."
This record gives the angulation ot the maxilla in relation to the base of the skull, Orientation jaw
relation can be recorded with a face-bow.

Ref-Depak
Ons3. What is vertical dimension? [DU-Aug'151
An[:
Vertical jaw relation (vertical dimension):
I defined as, "The length of the tace as determined by the amount of
It
also be defined as the amount or separalon between the maxilla separation of the jaws"
and mandible in a frontal pla
[Ref-Deepak)
Or,
The distance between
two selected anatomic or marked points
daor 1un0n the chin), one on a fixed and one on a
movable
(usually one on the tip of the n0s
memher
the

[Ref-Manappall
 Vertical Dimension
PULP |95
gtiomship and

dimension (RVD) or vertical relation of rest

vertic
rest
Thee isal vertical dimension (OVD) or vertical relation of occlusion
"rest
ifference between RVD and OVD also known as Inter occlusal dimension D) or

"treeway space"
snaCe" or

Qther vertical relations

Ref-Manappallil
m e k
Define
ine vertical dimension at rest and mention its importance.

dimension at rest:
aial
d as."The length ofthe face when the mandible is in rest position."
s e t n e

Or,
nod as. "the distance between wo selected points (one of which is on the middle of the face or
N and the other of which is on the lower face or chin) measured when the andible is in the
rest p o s i t i o n . "
h iologic [Ref-Deepak + Manappallil]

wHow will you measure the vertical dimension for the alignment of a conmplete denture?
DU-Aug'15, 13]
How will you measure the vertical dimension at occlusion?
Mention the physiologic methods for determining vertical dimension of a CD patient.
DU-Feb'18, 17]
How can you recording the vertical jaw relations? [DU-Feb'17
.
How can you determine the vertical jaw relation?] [DU-Feb'16]

We2surement of vertical jaw relation:

ncal jaw relation can be recorded / measured in two positions-
Vertical dimension at rest position
Vertical dimension at occlusion
Vasarement of vertical dimension at rest (Physiological methods):
Tefodlowing methods can be used to measure the vertical dimension at rest
1.Facial measurements after swallowing and
relaxing
Tactile sense
3 Measurements of anatomic landmarks
Speech (phonetic)
5Facialexpression
al measurements after swallowing and relaxing:
The patient is asked to sit upright and relax
WO reference points are marked with the help of a triangular piece of adhesive tape on the tip of
the nose and the
tip of the chin
e patient is asked to perform functional movements like wetting his lips and swallowing
Be
patient is instructed to relax his shoulders. This is done to relax the supra- and infrahyoid
muscles
 Dimension PULP | 96
Jaw Relationship and Vertical

. Once the patient performs the above mentioned movements, his mandible will come
physiological rest position before going to its habitual rest position. The distance between the
two reference points is measured when the mandible is in its physiological rest position

Tactile sensation:
The patient is asked to stand erect and open his mouth wide till he feels discomiort in his
muscles of mastication
Next, the patient is asked to close his mouth slowly. The patient is instructed to stop closing
when he/she feels that his/her muscles are totally relaxed and comfortable
The distance between the two reference points is recorded and compared to the measurement
recorded by the swallowing method
This method relies on patient's perception of relaxation, and will vary for each individual.
Hence, at least one additional method should be carried out to confirm these readings

Anatomical landmarks:
The distance (A) between the pupil of the eye and the rima oris (corners of the mouth) and the
(8) distance between the anterior nasal spine and the lower border of the mandible should be
measured using Willis guide.
If both these distances are equal, the jaws are considered at rest.

Speech:
There two methods by which the rest position
are be recorded with the help of speech.
can
I n the first method the
patient is asked to repeatedly pronounce the letter 'M°', a certain number
of times and the distance between the two reference
points is measured immediately after the
patient stops.
In the second method, the dentist keeps talking to the patient and he measures the distance
between the reference points immediately after the patient stops talking.
Facial expression:
The following facial features indicate that the jaw is in its
Skin around the eyes and chin should be relaxed. It
physiological rest position
should not be stretched,
wrinkled shiny or excessively
.The nostrils are relaxed and breathing should be
.The upper and lower lips should have a
unobstructed
protruded, the lower lip will be in front andslight contact in a single plane. If the mandible is
upper lip will be in front. without contact. If the mandible is
retruded, the
Vertical dimension at occlusion:
It is defined as, "the
length of the face when the teeth
stop) are in contact and the mandible is in (occlusal rims,
centric relation or the teeth central-bearing
are in centric
points, or any other
relation."
It is defined as, "the distance Or,
measured between two Ref-Deepak]
points when the occluding
members are in contact."
Ref-Manappallil|
 Jawhelationshin Vertical Dimension PULP I97
ship and

vertical dimension at occlusion:

.rement of
Measureme
at occlusion can be measured using the following methods-
i c a ld i m e n s i o n .

A. Mechanical.methods:
1. Ridge relation
. Distance from the incisive papilla to mandibular incisors
Parallelism ridges
2. Pre-extraction records

.Profilephotographs
Profile silhouettes
Radiography
. Articulated casts
Facial measurements
3. Measurement from former dentures
B.Physiological methods:
1. Power point
2. Using wax occlusal rims
Physiological rest position
4. Phonetics
Aesthetics
6. Swallowing threshold
7. Tactile sense or neuromuscular perception
8. Patient's perception of comfort

Profile photographs:
These photographs are made before extraction.
.They should be taken in maximum occlusion as the patient can easily maintain this position
during photographic procedures
The photograph should be enlarged to the actual size of the patient and the distance between the
anatomical landmarks should be measured and compared with that of the patient to avoid errors.
The measurements are recorded so that they can be used later.
While measuring the jaw relation, the measurements from the profile photographs are used to
determine the vertical dimension at occlusion.

Using wax occlusal rims:

Antative vertical dimension is measured with occlusal rims and the casts are articulated in a tentative
tinc relation. A tracing device can be attached to the occlusal rims for a graphic tracing. The facial
apression and aesthetics are used for the final value.
Procedure:
ne vertical dimension at rest is established and the difference between the reference points
(between the nose and chin) is recorded
4pproximate vertical dimension at occlusion, about 2 to 5 mm less than that of the vertical
nsion at rest is considered. The facial expression can also be used as a guide for determining
this value
Cclusal surface of the maxillary occlusal rim is coated with petrolatum and seated in the
Utn. Denture
adhesive powder may be used in cases with inadequate retention.
Jaw Relationship and Vertical Dimension PULP 98
A thin roll of modeling wax with a triangular cross-section 1s softened in a water bath at 130
and placed over the mandibular occlusal rim with its apex towards the maxillary rim 30°
The added wax is softened again with a Blowtorch and the mandibular rim is seated into
mouth
the
The patient is asked to close his mouth slowly and stop at a comfortable position based on
onhis
b
tactile sensation. This gives the vertical dimension at occlusion
T h e wax is allowed to cool within the patient's mouth
I t is removed and articulated in a tentative centric relation
(Note-Do not confuse this method with the "Nick and Notch" method used in centric relation)

Qns-6. Describe the effects of excessively increased vertical dimension.

Or What is the effect of increased vertical height? [DU-Aug'18]
Or, Write down the effects of reduced vertical dimension of a complete denture prosthesis.
Or, Describe the influence of vertical dimension on complete denture prosthesis.
Or, What are the adverse effects of reduced vertical height by severe tooth attrition?
(DU-Feb'13]
Or, Short note on Effect of increased vertical dimension in prosthesis.
Ans:
Importance of vertical jaw relation:
A. Effects of increased vertical dimension:
Increased trauma to the denture-bearing area
Increased lower facial height
Cheek biting
Difficulty in swallowing and speech
Pain and clicking in the temporomandibular joint
Stretching of facial muscles
Increased volume or cubical space of the oral cavity

B. Effects of decreased vertical dimension:

Comparatively lessertrauma to the denture-bearing area
Decreased lower facialheight
Angular chelitis due to folding of the corner of the mouth
Difficulty in swallowing
Pain, clicking, discomfort of the temporomandibular joint accompanied with headache
and neuralgia
Loss oflip fullness
Obstruction of the opening of the Eustachian tube due to elevation of the soft
to elevation of the
palate due
tongue/mandible
Loss of muscle tone
Corners of the mouth are turned down
Thinning of the vermilion borders of the lip
Decreased volume or cubical space
of the
oral cavity
Ref-Deepak)
 latianship and Vertical Dimensian
Helat, saPULP 199
Jaw

Qns-7.Wha
What is
horizontal jaw relation?

rizontaljaw relations;
Ans:

relation
onship of the mandible to the maxilla in a horizontal plane. It can also be described as the
the
I is of tthe
ttionshipof mandible to the maxilla in the anteroposterior direction.
Classification:

Cntal jaw relations may be classified as

Honzontal,

. Centrie relations

2. Eccentric relations
a) Protrusive relation
b) Lateral relations
Left lateral
.Rightlateral
QnF-8.Define centric relation. [RU-Feb'16|
Write down the importance of centric relation.
Ans
Centric relation:
Cantric relation is defined as, "The maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with
he thinnest avascular portion of their respective discs with the complex in the anterior-superior position
ainst the slopes of the articular eminences. This position is independent of tooth contact. This position
sclinically discernible when the mandible is directed superior and anteriorly. It is restricted to a purely
ntary movement about the transverse horizontal axis." [Most accepted definition]

Importance of centric relation:

1.Artificialteeth are best set to occlude evenly at centric relation
2. This position is more definite than the vertical relation and is independent of the presence or
absence of teeth
3. It is recordable and reproducible over a period of time
4. Centric relation serves as a reference for
establishing an occlusion
5. When centric relation and centric occlusion of natural teeth do not
coincide, the periodontal
structures around the teeth are endangered
6. When centric relation and centric occlusion of artificial teeth do not
coincide, there is instability
of the dentures and the
patient may experience pain and discomfort
ErOrsin mounting the casts on the articulator can be detected, when the centric relation is used
as the horizontal reference position
o.An accurate centric relation record properly orients the lower cast to the opening axis of the
articulator and the mandible
Accurately recorded centric relation when transferred to the articulator permits proper
adjustments of the condylar guidance for the control of eccentric movements of the instrument.
Ref-Manappallil]
Jaw Relationship and Vartical Dimension PULP 1

Write down the methods of measuring the centrie jaw relation.

Qns-9.
Ans:
Methods of recording the centric jaw relation:
The various methods to record centric relation
1. Physiological methods:
are
Tactile orinter-occlusal check record method
Pressureless method

2.
Pressure method
Functional methods:
Needle-house method
Patterson's method
Meyer's method
3. Graphic methods:
Intraoral tracing
.Extraoral tracing
4. Radiographic methods:
5. Terminal hinge axis method
6. Other methods:
Strips of celluloid placed between the rims
Heating the surface of one of the rim
Deep heating or pooling method
Soft wax is placed over the occlusal surfaces of mandibular posterior teeth
Soft cones of wax placed on the lower denture bases
Ref Deepak + Manappalil

Qns-10.How can you measure "Free way space" in vertical jaw relation record procedure?
DU-Aug'18, 171
Ans:
Technique of measurement of "Free way space" in vertical jaw relation record procedure:
1. Insert the upper record block
2 Make a thin horizontal line pinhead-size mark on the tip of the patient's nose and another on the
point of the chin in an area where there is the least movement of the soft tissues. (S.N. felt pen is
used instead of indelible pencil)
3. The patient must be comfortably seated in the chair and asked to relax the whole body as
completely as possible and allow the jaw to rest in a comfortable position with the lips closed.
When this position is achieved, measure the distance between the marks either with a pair of
dividers or a millimeter rule.
4
Ask the patient moisten the lips with the
to
Check the measurement previously obtained.
tongue and then close them to a comfortable position.
Ask the patient to swallow and relax without separating the lips. Again check the measurements.
6 Ask the patient to repeat the letter "M" several times, finishing in the middle of the last "M" i.e.
not completing the sound by separating the lips. Again check. Any, or all, of these methods of
obtaining a relaxed position must be repeated, until two or three constant readings are obtained.
7. Insern the lower record block and adjust the occlusal surface of the lower until it
occludes evenly
with the upper at the distance between the marks of the constant
8.
reading.
Produce a freeway space by removing a further 2 or 3 mm from the lower record rim.
 alationship nd Vertical Dimension
w

PULP|101
e. existence of this freeway space
ock the
e mouth and with lips closed. by asking the patient to relax
Then ask the with the record blocks in
t definite movement of the chin will take patient to close the blocks together, when a slight
place if there is an
adequate freeway space.
. What are the causes of difiiculty in [Ref-MacGregor|
Qns-11.

obtaining mandibular retrusion?

Ans:

etruding the mandible:

Retrdible should be in its most
posterior position while
nd he retruded posterior position before recording therecording centric relation. The mandible
to it
sToifficulties retruding the mandible due to certain
in centric jaw relation. Some
patients may
sTome by conditioning the patient systemic conditions. These difficulties can be
psychologically, using special jaw relating
nificulties in obtaining mandibular retrusion: apparatus, etc.
ric relation is a learmed position. Obtaining correct
de the mandible. Many patients find this difficult. centric relation involves
Tetrude
training
Edentulous patients tend
thepatient to
mandible. to protrude the
1. Biological difficulties:
.Due to lack of
In the
coordination between muscles
edentulous state some
patients assume a
Old denture wearers assume habitual eccentric
more
prognathic position for convenience
previous wrong centric positions due to wear of teeth or due to a
Senility or other neuromuscular diseases
2. Psychological difficulties:
When patient fails to follow instructions, the dentist may get
a

anxiety in the patient. It is extremely frustrated, leading to more

disappointment or frustration to the patient important that the dentist not display his
3. Mechanical difficulties:
Due to ill-fitting bases or due to some interference between the
bases.
l-fitting bases tend to shift around making observations difficult
Qns-12, How can you assist the patient to retrude the mandible during
elation? [DU-Aug'16] recording of centric
,
rWrite
Ans:
down the methods of
assisting the patient to retrude the mandible. [RU-Feb'16]
ethods of assisting the
patient to retrude the mandible:
Let the
jaw relax, pull it back and close slowly on the back teeth
Push the upper
jaw out and close on the back teeth
Protrude and retrude the mandible repeatedly, while patient hold a finger lightly against the chin
stretch-relax exercises -Open wide and relax, move the jaws to the left and relax, right and
1ax, forward and relax. This helps the patient to coordinate movements and follow the dentist's
instructions
R
tne tongue backwards towards posterior border of upper denture and close the rims until
they meet
lOW and close. The disadvantage is that a patient can swallow in slight eccentric positions
also
 Jaw Relationship and Vertical Dimension PULP | 102

Tapping rims together rapidly and repeatedly

Tilting the head backwards tends to pull the mandible backwards because of tension on the
infrahyoid muscles
to relax them. In the terminal
Massaging on palpation of the temporalis and masseter muscles
hinge position, closing the mandible tenses the temporalis
muscle which can be felt by the
dentist.
T h e dentist can also assist and guide in retruding using fingers placed on the sides of the lower
rims.
[Ref-Manappallil
Qns-13. What do you mean by eccentric relation?
Ans:
Eccentric relation:
An eccentric maxillomandibular relation is any other horizontal relationship of the mandible to the
maxilla other than centric position.
The eccentric relation records are used to program the articulator to stimulate the patient's jaw
movements.
The important eccentric relations are-
1. Protrusive and
2. Lateral (left and right)
Importance:
.Eccentric relation records are necessary in order to program an adjustable articulator to stimulate
the patients jaw movements.
A programmed articulator is helpful in constructing a balanced denture occlusion and
restorations which are in harmony with the functional movements of the mandible.
The eccentric position are recorded by-
A. Functional methods
B. Excursive (graphic)
C. Direct check records
Ref-Manappallil
Qns-14. What is physiologie rest position?
Ans:
Physiologic rest position:
It is defined as the postural position of the mandible when an individual is resting comfortably in an
upright position and the associated muscles are in a state of minimal contractual activity.
Physiologic rest position occurs somewhere downward and slightly forward from centric relation. In the
physiologic rest position the jaw opening and closing muscles are in tonic balance.
Factors affecting are-
1. Tonicity of jaw muscles
Position of head (it modifies the effect of
gravity)
Ref-Manappallill
 PULP | 103
Dimension
aletionship and Vertical

note on ala-tragus line. [RU-Feb'18, Aug'161

Write a short
ns-15

r a g u sIine:
inferior border of ala of the nose to some defined point on the tragus of the ear,
nning from
line c o n s i d e r e d
to be tip of the tragus.
Sally Or,
ears."
running from superior border of ala of the nose to superior border of tragus of both
line
APplegate)

importance:
Occlusal plane should be parallel to the ala-tragus line
Procedure:
The ala-tragus line is marked on the patient's face using a thread dipped in dental plasteror
pumice.
Ref-Deepak]
- 16.Write a short note on interpupillary line. [RU-Aug'18, 17, 16]
ARS:
nterpupillary line:
The anterior portion of the occlusion plane should be parallel to a line passing through the pupils of the
ye. Ii should be 2mm below the upper lip line or smile line.

Figure-Interpupillary line
 Jaw Relationship and Vertical Dimension PULP I| 104

Qns-17. Write a short note on smile line. [RU-Aug'18]

Ans:
Smile line/Lip line:
teeth which should mimic
It refers to an imaginary line along the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior
the curvature of the superior border of the lower lip while smiling.

4
75% tooth
Low smile line where
100% tooth Fig 3
75% to Fig 2 High smile line where or less is diaplayed
Fig 1 Average amile line where some of the
midfacial gingiva exposure
100% tooth exposure is dieplayed exposure plus
is displayed.

is displayed.
Types of smile line: crown height of
the maxillary incisors
75% of the clinical is
1. Low smile line: Less than the maxillary incisors
clinical crown height of
2. Average smile line: 75%-100% of the

displayed. gingiva is revealed.

3. High smile line: About 2 mm
ofthe contiguous maxillary