Border Moulding, Peripheral Seal and Secondary Impression

1. In determining the posterior limit of a maxillary denture base, which of the

following is on the posterior border?
A. Hamular notch
B. Hamular process
C. Fovea palatine
D. Vibrating line

#Explanation of correct option-The hamular notch is a depression situated between the

maxillary tuberosity and the hamulus of medial pterygoid plate.

#Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-It is soft area of loose areolar tissue. The tissues in this region can be safely
displaced to achieve the posterior palatal seal.The distolateral border of the denture base rests
in the hamular notch

#Explanation of other option-

A. Hamular process- In determining the posterior limit of a maxillary denture base,hamular

notch is on posterior border
C. Fovea palatine- In determining the posterior limit of a maxillary denture base,hamular
notch is on posterior border
D. Vibrating line- In determining the posterior limit of a maxillary denture base,hamular
notch is on posterior border

#Extraedge-
The denture border should extend till the hamular notch. If the border is located anteriorly
near the maxillary tuberosity,the denture will not have any retentive properties because the
border seal is absent when placed over nonresilient tissues

#Mantra-

#Reference-Nallaswamy,2nd ed,pgno.77
2. Posterior Palatal Seal (PPS) anatomically is :
A. Pterygomaxillary notches and Fovea Palatine
B. Pterygomaxillary notches and PNS
C. Maxillary tuberosity and Pterygomandibular Raphe
D. Posterior limit of palatine bone

#Explanation of correct answer- The posterior palatal seal area can be divided into two
regions based upon anatomical landmarks,namely: 1. Pterygomaxillary seal 2. Postpalatal
seal

#Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-It is defined as "The soft tissues at or along the junction of the hard and soft
palates on which pressure within the physiological limits of the tissues can be applied by a
denture to aid in the retention of the denture."—GPT

#Explanation of other options-

B. Pterygomaxillary notches and PNS- The posterior palatal seal area can be divided into
two regions based upon anatomical landmarks,namely: 1. Pterygomaxillary seal 2.
Postpalatal seal
C. Maxillary tuberosity and Pterygomandibular Raphe- The posterior palatal seal area can be
divided into two regions based upon anatomical landmarks,namely: 1. Pterygomaxillary seal
2. Postpalatal seal
D. Posterior limit of palatine bone- The posterior palatal seal area can be divided into two
regions based upon anatomical landmarks,namely: 1. Pterygomaxillary seal 2. Postpalatal
seal

#Extraedge-

Functions of the posterior palatal seal: The posterior palatal seal,that is recorded and
reproduced in the denture, has the following functions: • Aids in retention by maintaining
constant contact with the soft palate during functional movements like speech, mastication
and deglutition. • Reduces the tendency for gag reflex as it prevents the formation of the gap
between the denture base and the soft palate during functional movements.

• Prevents food accumulation between the posterior border of the denture and the soft palate.
• Compensates for polymerization shrinkage.

#Mantra-
 #Reference-Nallaswamy,2nd ed,pgno.77

3. Secondary peripheral seal area in mandible is provided by:

A. Buccal Shelf
B. Anterior lingual Border
C. Retromolar pad
D. Crest of the ridge

 #Explanation of correct answer- The peripheral seal means the positive contact of the
denture’s base to the resilient tissues that determine the basal seat area. As it involves labial,
buccal, and lingual vestibules, it also involves posterior palatal closure. All the forces that cause
the denture’s displacement encounter atmospheric pressure.
 #Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-The posterior palatal seal is placed for two reasons, to overcome polymerization
shrinkage of the acrylic resin and to maintain seal during small denture movements during
function.

#Explanation of other options

A. Buccal Shelf- Secondary peripheral seal area in mandible is provided by Anterior

lingual Border
C. Retromolar pad- Secondary peripheral seal area in mandible is provided by
Anterior lingual Border
D. Crest of the ridge- Secondary peripheral seal area in mandible is provided by
Anterior lingual Border

#Extraedge-

ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS IN THE MANDIBLE

Limiting Structures

Labial frenum
. Labial vestibule.

Buccal frenum.

Buccal vestibule.

Lingual frenum.

Alveololingual sulcus.

Retromolar pads.

Pterygomandibular raphe

Supporting Structures

• Buccal shelf area

• Residual alveolar ridge

.C. Relief Areas

• Crest of the residual alveolar ridge.

• Mental foramen.

• Genial tubercles

• Torus mandibularis.

#Mantra-
 #Reference-Nallaswamy,2nd ,pgno.75

4. Posterior palatal seal is recorded when the head is bent at:

A. 30 degrees
B. 15 degrees
C. 60 degrees
D. 45 degrees

#Explanation of correct answer-The patient's head should be positioned such that the Frankfort's
horizontal plane is 30° below the horizontal plane.It is only at this position that the soft palate is
at its maximal downward and forward functional position. Flexion of the head also helps to
prevent aspiration of the impression material and saliva

 #Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-The patient's tongue should be positioned such that it is at the level of the
mandibular anteriors.This action helps to pull the palatoglossus muscle anteriorly.In completely
edentulous patients,the handle of the maxillary custom tray should be designed such that it acts
like the lower anteriors to guide the tongue during impression making.

#Explanation of other options-

B. 15 degrees- The patient's head should be positioned such that the Frankfort's
horizontal plane is 30° below the horizontal plane
 C. 60 degrees- The patient's head should be positioned such that the Frankfort's
horizontal plane is 30° below the horizontal plane
D. 45 degrees- The patient's head should be positioned such that the Frankfort's
horizontal plane is 30° below the horizontal plane

#Extraedge-

Checking the Postdam or Posterior Palatal Seal Area

• After scrapping the master cast,the postdam should be checked. • The trial base should be
softened and readapted. If a resin trial base is used then the cast is painted with cold mould seal
and resin is added to the scrapped areas . The modified trial base is now inserted into the patient's
mouth. • A mouth mirror is kept at the distal end of the trial base and checked for any space. •
Presence of a space between the base plate and the soft tissues indicates improper or under
postdamming

#Mantra-

#Reference-Nallswamy,2nd ed,pgno.122

5.The posterior palatal seal for a maxillary complete denture :

A. Is placed immediately posterior to the vibrating line
B. Is placed immediately anterior to the vibrating line
C. Is not necessary if a metal base is made
D. Will vary in outline and depth according to the palatal form

#Explanation of correct answer- The posterior palatal seal for a maxillary complete
denture will vary in outline and depth according to the palatal form. This is the area of the
soft palate that contacts the posterior surfaces of the denture base. It prevents air entry between
the denture base and soft palate.
  #Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-The posterior palatal seal area can be divided into two regions based upon
anatomical landmarks,namely: 1. Pterygomaxillary seal 2. Postpalatal seal.

#Explanation of other options-

A. Is placed immediately posterior to the vibrating line- The posterior palatal seal for a
maxillary complete denture will vary in outline and depth according to the palatal
form
B. Is placed immediately anterior to the vibrating line- The posterior palatal seal for a
maxillary complete denture will vary in outline and depth according to the palatal
form
C. Is not necessary if a metal base is made- The posterior palatal seal for a maxillary
complete denture will vary in outline and depth according to the palatal form

#Extraedge-

Functions of the posterior palatal seal:

The posterior palatal seal,that is recorded and reproduced in the denture, has the following
functions:

• Aids in retention by maintaining constant contact with the soft palate during functional
movements like speech, mastication and deglutition.

• Reduces the tendency for gag reflex as it prevents the formation of the gap between the denture
base and the soft palate during functional movements.

• Prevents food accumulation between the posterior border of the denture and the soft palate.

• Compensates for polymerization shrinkage.

#Reference-Nallaswamy,2nded ,pgno.77

6.The function of the posterior palatal seal is:

A. To aid in balanced occlusion
B. To aid in insertion and removal of complete denture
C. To ensure a complete seal thus helping in retention of a denture
D. Retention of mandibular denture by sealing its posterior margin

#Explanation of correct answer- The posterior palatal seal,that is recorded and reproduced
in the denture, has the following functions

• Aids in retention by maintaining constant contact with the soft palate during functional
movements like speech, mastication and deglutition. • Reduces the tendency for gag reflex as
it prevents the formation of the gap between the denture base and the soft palate during
functional movements.

 #Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-• Prevents food accumulation between the posterior border of the denture and
the soft palate. • Compensates for polymerization shrinkage. The posterior palatal seal area
can be divided into two regions based upon anatomical landmarks,namely: 1.
Pterygomaxillary seal 2. Postpalatal seal.

#Explanation of other options-

A. To aid in balanced occlusion- Aids in retention by maintaining constant contact with the
soft palate during functional movements like speech, mastication and deglutition.
B. To aid in insertion and removal of complete denture- Aids in retention by maintaining
constant contact with the soft palate during functional movements like speech,
mastication and deglutition.
D. Retention of mandibular denture by sealing its posterior margin- Aids in retention by
maintaining constant contact with the soft palate during functional movements like
speech, mastication and deglutition.

#Extraedge-

Postpalatal seal: This is a part of the posterior palatal seal that extends between the two
maxillary tuberosities . The following points should be remembered while recording the
posterior palatal seal: • The posterior border of the denture should not be placed over the
mid-palatine raphe orthe posterior nasal spine. • If there is a palatine torus, which extends
posteriorly so that it interferes with the posterior palatal seal,then the tori should be removed.
• The position of the fovea palatina also influences the position of the posterior border of the
denture. The denture can extend 1-2 mm across the fovea palatina. • If a mid-palatine fissure
is present, then the posterior palatal seal should extend in to it to obtain a good peripheral
seal.

#Mantra-
 #Reference-Nallaswamy,2nd ,pgno.75

7.During recording of the posterior palatal seal, face is tilted down 30 degrees to touch
the sternum:
A. to activate the muscle of palate and pharynx
B. to activate the muscle of soft palate only
C. to prevent flow of material to throat
D. to help in sucking and swallowing

#Explanation of correct answer-The patient's head should be positioned such that the
Frankfort's horizontal plane is 30° below the horizontal plane.It is only at this position that the
soft palate is at its maximal downward and forward functional position. Flexion of the head also
helps to prevent aspiration of the impression material and saliva

 #Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-The patient's tongue should be positioned such that it is at the level of the
mandibular anteriors.This action helps to pull the palatoglossus muscle anteriorly.In completely
edentulous patients,the handle of the maxillary custom tray should be designed such that it acts
like the lower anteriors to guide the tongue during impression making.

#Explanation of other options-

 A. to activate the muscle of palate and pharynx- recording of the posterior palatal seal, face
is tilted down 30 degrees to touch the sternum to activate the muscles of soft palate only.
C. to prevent flow of material to throat- recording of the posterior palatal seal, face is tilted
down 30 degrees to touch the sternum to activate the muscles of soft palate only.
D. to help in sucking and swallowing- recording of the posterior palatal seal, face is tilted
down 30 degrees to touch the sternum to activate the muscles of soft palate only.

#Extraedge-

Checking the Postdam or Posterior Palatal Seal Area

• After scrapping the master cast,the postdam should be checked. • The trial base should be
softened and readapted. If a resin trial base is used then the cast is painted with cold mould seal
and resin is added to the scrapped areas . The modified trial base is now inserted into the patient's
mouth. • A mouth mirror is kept at the distal end of the trial base and checked for any space. •
Presence of a space between the base plate and the soft tissues indicates improper or under
postdamming

#Mantra-

#Reference-Nallswamy,2nd ed,pgno.122

8.Instructing the patient to say “AH” with short vigorous bursts will help in visualizing :
A. Soft palate
B. Posterior vibrating line
C. Anterior vibrating line
D. Junction of soft and hard palate

#Explanation of correct answer- It can also be measured by asking the patient to say
"ah"in short vigorous bursts.(Valsalva maneuver: the patient is asked to close his nostrils
firmly and gently blow through his nose).
 #Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-The anterior vibrating line is cupid's bow-shaped because it follows the

posterior nasal spine and the posterior part of the hard palate

#Explanation of other options-

A.Soft palate- Instructing the patient to say “AH” with short vigorous bursts will help
in visualizing anterior vibrating line
B. Posterior vibrating line- Instructing the patient to say “AH” with short vigorous
bursts will help in visualizing anterior vibrating line
D. Junction of soft and hard palate- Instructing the patient to say “AH” with short
vigorous bursts will help in visualizing anterior vibrating line

#Extraedge-

Posterior vibrating line

It is an imaginary line located at the junction of the soft palate that shows limited movement and
the soft palate that shows marked movement. It also represents the junction between the
aponeurosis of the tensor veli palatini muscle and the muscular portion of • In patients with thick
ropy saliva, the fovea palatina should be left uncovered or else the thick saliva flowing between
the tissue and the denture can increase the hydrostatic pressure and displace the denture. the soft
palate . It is recorded by asking the patient to say "ah" in short but normal non-vigorous fashion.
This line is usually straight.

#Mantra-

#Reference-Nallaswamy,2nd ed,pgno.79

9.Anterior vibrating line is located on:

A. Soft palatal tissue
B. Hard palatal tissue
C. Either on soft or hard palatal tissue
D. Posterior to Fovea palatine

#Explanation of correct answer- It is an imaginary line lying at the junction between the
immovable tissues over the hard palate and the slightly movable tissues of the soft palate .It
can be located by asking the patient to perform the "Valsalva" maneuver.

#Easy#clinical#Prosthodontics#INICET#NEET PG

#Highyield-It can also be measured by asking the patient to say "ah"in short vigorous bursts.
(Valsalva maneuver: the patient is asked to close his nostrils firmly and gently blow through
his nose). The anterior vibrating line is cupid's bow-shaped because its follows the posterior
nasal spine and the posterior part of the hard palate.

#Explanation of other options

B. Hard palatal tissue- Anterior vibrating line is located on soft palatal tissue
C. Either on soft or hard palatal tissue- Anterior vibrating line is located on soft palatal
tissue
D. Posterior to Fovea palatine- Anterior vibrating line is located on soft palatal tissue

#Extraedge-

Posterior vibrating line

It is an imaginary line located at the junction of the soft palate that shows limited movement and
the soft palate that shows marked movement. It also represents the junction between the
aponeurosis of the tensor veli palatini muscle and the muscular portion of • In patients with thick
ropy saliva, the fovea palatina should be left uncovered or else the thick saliva flowing between
the tissue and the denture can increase the hydrostatic pressure and displace the denture. the soft
palate . It is recorded by asking the patient to say "ah" in short but normal non-vigorous fashion.
This line is usually straight.

#Mantra-
#Reference-Nallaswamy,2nd ed,pgno.79