EARMUFFS - ear protection

WEEK 1- DEFINITION OF MARKSMANSHIP from loud sound

WHAT IS MARKSMANSHIP?
• Marksmanship describes a person's ability to shoot a firearm accurately.
• Marksmanship is the human quest to "hit the hmark" while using projectile
arms
• It is a skillful art of shooting and hitting targets
RIGS - accessory of the
PHASES OF MARKSMANSHIP competitor which includes
1. Preparatory/ Theoretical Practice holster and belt
- Preparation of proper gun and safety handling
2. Range Practice
- Application of proper gun handling then actual firing

HAND GUN

MAGAZINE - container of
the ammunition

SHOOTING GLASS - eye

protection from foreing
objects
 shooting is a sport that requires precise muscle control, intense concentration,
AMMUNITION - complete
unit of cartridge which mental and physical stamina, and unwavering emotional control. No matter
contains cartridge case, when in human history great feats of marksmanship are performed, the
primer, gun powder, and head skilled marksman is respected, honored and celebrated.
or lead/bullet An advertising poster for Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show of the
late 1800s promotes the marksmanship skills of one of America's first great
target shooters, Annie Oakley.

OLYMPIC COMPETITORS
Some of the greatest Olympic competitors are rifle shooters from the
United States who were trained by the U. S. Army Marksmanship Unit at
WEEK 2 Fort Benning, Georgia. Two of those shooters, Gary Anderson (1964, 1968)
HISTORY OF MARKSMANSHIP and Lones Wigger (1964, 1972) are among an elite group of Olympic
The evolution of target sports led to the development of four medallists who have won two individual Olympic gold medals. No shooter
different sports that now are Olympic events. The winter sport of biathlon from any nation has yet won more than two individual gold medals. One
combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Modern pentathlon, other U. S. rifle shooter, Morris Fisher (1920, 1924), who was a member of
archery, and shooting all are summer Olympic sports. Archery involves the Marine Corps, also won two individual Olympic gold medals. Since
shooting with bows and arrows. Pentathlon combines air pistol shooting with 1948, six other U.S. rifle shooters have won Olympic gold medals. They are
horse riding, fencing, swimming, and running. The sport of shooting is one of Arthur Cook (1948), John Writer (1972), Lanny Bassham (1976), Edward
the largest and most popular of all Olympic accuracy concentration control Etzel (1984), Pat Spurgin (1984), Launi Meili (1992), and Nancy
determination practice skills. Napolski-Johnson (2000). Another important milestone in the history of
From ancient warriors to modern Olympic gold medallists, persons marksmanship occurred in 1976 when Margaret ThompsonMurdock of the
who demonstrated great skill in marksmanship tests were celebrated as U.S. won a silver medal to become the first woman to ever win an Olympic
heroes. Several ancient Egyptian Pharaohs were acclaimed for their archery medal in shooting. The U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit trained Murdock,
skills through the inscriptions in their tombs. The legendary tales of medieval Writer, Bassham, and Etzel.
heroes such as William Tell of Switzerland and Robin Hood of England
celebrate their ability to hit especially difficult targets with a crossbow or TARGET SHOOTING
bow. The development of America is highlighted by feats of marksmanship The targets used throughout the history
by the Minutemen of Concord and Lexington, frontiersmen such as Daniel of marksmanship are graphic evidence
Boone and military figures such as Berdan's Sharpshooters. of how the sport of target shooting
The Egyptian Pharaoh, King Aye, was the successor to developed. The earliest targets were
Tutankhamen, the famed King Tut. This drawing is copied from an inscribed cylinders or boxes with central marks
gold leaf that shows the Pharaoh shooting his bow at a target held by two that were used by archers. Live, and
prisoners while he rides by the target in his chariot. later artificial, pigeons were once
In the last 150 years, people who demonstrated exceptional skills placed on top of poles and used as
while shooting at targets, from Annie Oakley to the gold medallists of the targets. The earliest rifle targets were
most recent Olympic Games, were raised to positions of honor. Target large wooden disks. Large steel plates
were used for early rifle targets and gave audible signals when hit. Paper
targets came into use in the late nineteenth century and continue to be used in
most ranges today. The most modern targets are electronic targets such as
those used in the Olympic Games. Electronic targets have acoustical sensing
systems that pinpoint and score the exact location of each shot and computer
systems to calculate the scores and display instant results on electronic
scoreboards.
The targets used today have concentric scoring rings. Shots that
touch the central or inner ring score ten points. Shots that hit the next ring
score nine points. Successively poorer shots score values down to one or
even zero. All target shooting events trace their origins to survival or martial Target shooting is a sport where women and men compete equally. In
skills that originally were intended to prepare men for battle. Target sports shooting neither sex has an advantage. In high school and college rifle
have a strong military heritage and target training is sometimes practiced as competitions where men and women compete together, men and women win
part of modern military or police training. Today, however, target rifle awards in direct proportion to their numbers. Target shooting is a skill sport.
shooting is primarily practiced as a sport in the same way that basketball, All sports test different combinations of speed, strength, endurance and skill.
swimming, running and skiing are sports. All sports have special qualities Running is a test of speed or endurance. Weightlifting is a test of strength and
that make them unique. Target shooting participants need to know about skill. Figure skating is a test of strength and skill. Target sports are tests of
some of its special qualities. skill. The special thing about skill sports is that no one is born with those
skills, they are developed through training.
Target shooting is a sport that can be
practiced by everyone. Successful target IMPORTANCE OF MARKSMANSHIP
shooters are tall and short, stocky or thin. Marksmanship is the ability to hit your target precisely where you're aiming,
They must have reasonable flexibility and within the limits of your weapon and physics.
coordination, but no other special physical Someone who is a good marksman can generally put a bullet within a 1-2"
attributes are required. Shooters need to be circle (orer) of the desired point of aim at a given distance that is within the
able to see well, but it does not matter if limitations of his firearm.
their good vision is achieved by wearing
eyeglasses or contact lenses. Indeed, the Using the skill
most important prerequisite for successful This is the first thing that comes to mind when someone asks why
target shooting is an interest in the sport and marksmanship is important in a modern age where we have rapid fire guns.
a motivation to practice and learn. Success
in shooting is determined by how hard one
works, not by how much ability someone
has.
 This doesn't mean he's slow to shoot or takes a lot of time to make the shot.
The ability to make a hit then transition to the next target quickly is what can
make a marksman highly effective in combat.

Marksmanship would be the correct term but pendantics aside.

A good marksman gets there typically with a lot of practice and a lot of time
handling a firearm.

This inherently means more familiarity with said firearm contrary to the
thought on the subject this does not make us more casual with firearms since
when you are talking marksmanship shifting position by what may seem to
be an insignificant amount could be inches to feet at the target depending on
range. This causes very careful handling and exactness. Careful handling and
In either case above, the answer is not going to be accuracy by
exactness leads to careful handling. A true marksman puts a bullet exactly
volume. It will be a deliberate, aimed shot that hits only the hostage-taker
where they want it (within the limits of environment and equipment) this
with incapacitating results.
includes delaying and possibly not even taking a shot. Marksman have a
On a battlefield, you may have threats that only show themselves for
greatly reduced rate of unintended discharge again due to familiarity with the
a moment or two. A marksman has the ability to aim and fire an accurate
trigger and knowing when it will trip (the term in the gun community is break
medium range shot within a few seconds.
but it simply means the point it breaks away from the sear not damage).
In a situation like this, missing the target can turn him into a sniper
who can slow down a platoon due to the threat he poses.
So take 2 otherwise equal normal people but make one a marksman.

The marksman will tend to be more thoughtful and concise in decisions of all
kinds. An example of this kind of precision and training with weapons can be
compared to things like rifle drills. The best of these drill teams could do it
with the rifles loaded (and they might I am not sure on this subject) these
people know exactly where their rifle is at any given second where their
hands are what they are touching etc.

As with any potentially dangerous object familiarity proper respect and

practice can make handling it quite safe.
The marksman knows his weapon, how it will perform with the
ammunition he uses. He knows how to estimate distances, how much the
bullet will drop at that distance and how to compensate for it. PURPOSE OF MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING
The marksman does his best to make each shot he takes count. He knows an The purpose of marksmanship training is to provide proper information
aimed shot that hits the target is better than three shots that miss. and instruction so you can become a safe and effective shooter.
 Good shooting, whether on the firing range or in combat, depends upon the
application of basic marksmanship principles. These principles are *4 Divisions of the Firing Range
interrelated and must be practiced each time you fire a shot so you achieve 1. Uprange - shooter's starting point
effective results. 2. Downrange - target & backstop

Types of backstop
AREAS ➔ highland
● Safety area Natural structure
Where dry firing executes, it is a practice shooting Man-made Structure
without live ammunition. A practice of draw, insert
➔ coco tree
magazine and pointing target to get used to. It is also the ➔ sandbag
area where we can fix the gun and experience problems
because of the gun, or because the gun can't work due to *Types of target
too much use and gun powders are stuck. Cleaning and a. paper
clearing of guns.
metric target board [head and body] & classic target board [body]

● Unloading Area b. metal wh

Where we release the magazine, clearing and cleaning of
the ammunition. Where we hammer down. Make sure to round plate - metal sheet
square plate - 4x4, includes stand and stopper
the receptacle which is a mental container that absorbs the rectangular plate - stand and metal sheet
blasting of firearms. Where to unload ammunition and mini puppet [IPSC {International Practical Shooting Confederation]
need all must remove/ release the magazine or clear the
chamber before entering the target area. 3. Marker - between uprange & spectator or between uprange and downrange
(restricted area, boundary line as only the shooter at deck and the range officer are
allowed inside)
● Stage Area
Practice shooting area with live ammunition with the 4. Spectator's area - audience
assistance of the range officer in order to guid what is the
*Squibload - when the bullet gets stuck inside the barrel
right and proper practice during the practical firing. To
avoid accidents, for example, the person or the competitor *Shooter's Equipment
whose gun was loaded and accidentally shoots his leg or
Shooting glass - eye protection from foreign objects
anyone around the area, or simply the accidental firing. Earmuffs - ear protections from sound
Need to be assisted by the range officer to assist the area Rigs - holster & belt
and the discipline of the competitor in the proper way of Handgun
Magazine - container of ammunition
firing the gun. Also have the target board. It includes the 4
Ammunition - unit of cartridge, cartridge case, gun powder, lead, bullet, primer,
divisions of firing range, the up range, down range marker shell
and the spectator area.
WEEK 3

BARREL (1) A tube, with rifling twists in it, down which the bullet is
driven, when the gun is fired. At the rear of the barrel, there is the cartridge
chamber, where the cartridge is loaded. In the M-1911, the cartridge
headspaces by the cartridge rim. The lower part of the entrance of the
chamber is throated, in order to facilitate the entrance of the cartridge. This is back, the disconnector is pushed down, disconnecting the trigger mechanism
an area that usually needs some polishing, when customizing the gun, or and disallowing firing. A faulty disconnector is dangerous, as it can allow the
when a new gun is treated for reliability. This area is also a part of M-1911, gun to fire, before the slide is in its full forward position, which means,
which has been criticized, for little supporting the cartridge walls, during before the slide and the barrel are properly locked.
firing. To improve things, some ingenious souls have produced barrels, with
different feed ramps, which better supports the cartridge walls (however, EJECTOR (6) This is the part, where the fired cartridge shell is driven onto,
these barrels require some modification to the frame). The barrel is held so that it is pushed away from the face of the slide, towards the opening of
inside the slide, by the barrel bushing in the front. It is also locked in a the slide and out of the gun. The face of the ejector needs to be properly
constant position in the slide, by the slots there are at the rear top part of the shaped, in order to have the spend cases ejecting correctly from the gun. The
barrel and which mate to reciprocal slots in the slide, when the slide is at its ejector is held in the frame with a tiny pin.
normal, forward position. As the gun is fired, the slide moves back, and
down, due to the barrel link. This movement unlocks the barrel from the EXTRACTOR (8) This is the part that grabs the rim of the cartridge case, as
slide, opening the breech and allowing the extraction of the used cartridge this is stripped from the magazine (see below) and fed into the barrel mouth.
case and insertion of a new round. The rim stays under the claw of the extractor until the cartridge is fired,
when, as the slide moves back, the extractor pulls the cartridge out of the
BARREL BUSHING (2) The barrel bushing is used to lock the front part of chamber. As the slide continues its rearward movement, the cartridge case
the barrel, in a consistent position, in relation to the slide. The barrel bushing strikes the ejector face and is popped free from the extractor and ejected
locks into the slide and allows the barrel to move in it, as the slide moves outside the gun.
back and forth, when the gun recycles. A tight bushing is a must for
accuracy, however it should not be excessively tight in order to avoid
malfunctions and jams.

BARREL LINK (3) This is a small kidney-shaped part, which links the
barrel with the slide stop. It is free to move, at both ends. As a result, when
the slide moves back the link lowers the rear end of the barrel and unlocks
the barrel from the slide, allowing the extraction of the fired case and the
feeding of a new cartridge. The barrel link is a very important part, as it
should be of proper length, in order to assure the correct locking of the barrel
into the slide. At least 4-5 different lengths are available.

BARREL LINK PIN (4) The pin that secures the barrel link onto the lower
part of the barrel. It allows the link to move.

DISCONNECTOR (5) The disconnector is a safety device that does not This is the part that actually fires the round in the barrel chamber. The firing
allow the gun to be fired, unless it is in its upper position. When the slide is pin resides within a tube in the slide and is forced forward by the falling
in its forward position, the disconnector protrudes above its recess in the hammer. It normally does not appear when viewing the slide from the front.
frame, into a small crescent-shaped recess in the slide. When the slide moves However, when the hammer strikes it, it moves forward, compressing the
firing pin spring. It then protrudes from the breech face of the slide, enough de backwards, **ing the hammer again. The area where the sear engages the
to hit the cartridge primer, thus igniting the powder inside the cartridge. The hammer, is usually polished by gunsmiths, in order to improve trigger pull.
firing pin is then pulled again inside its recess, by the force of the firing pin
spring. In Colt Series 80 guns, there is a passive safety mechanism (shown at HAMMER STRUT (17) The hammer strut transmits the energy of the Main
right) which forbids the gun from firing, unless the trigger is fully pulled to Spring to the hammer. It is a simple strut connected to the hammer with the
the rear. In these guns, the firing pin has a special cut, so pre-Series 80 firing Hammer Strut Pin, its lower end resting on the Main Spring Cap.
pins cannot be used in Series 80 guns.
MAGAZINE (19) The M-1911 magazine is a single-stack magazine holding
FIRING PIN PLUNGER (10) Part of the new safety mechanism. This part is 7 or lately 8 rounds. The bottom of factory magazines is welded to the
pushed upwards by a link in the trigger mechanism, against a small spring. magazine body, while there exist also third party mags with removable base
By moving up, it frees the firing pin to move forward. plates. Its follower has a special protrusion that activates the Slide Release
Lever, locking the slide open, when the last round is fired. During the 90's,
FIRING PIN SPRING (11) A spring, against the force of which, the firing M-1911 pistols with larger capacity magazines were introduced, which could
pin moves, when hit by the hammer. The firing pin spring has to be in carry up to 13 or 14 rounds of .45 cartridges. These pistols are called high
excellent condition, especially in pre-Series 80 guns, as the gun can fire, if it capacity pistols and there are at least two companies that produce them today,
receives a blow in the front of the slide, hard enough to move the firing pin Para Ordnance (which produces high capacity metallic frames) and STI Inc.
forward. Several manufacturers produce replacement springs of good quality. (which produces its own plastic, high capacity frame). The frames of these
guns are very slighly wider than the normal M-1911, due to either very thin
FIRING PIN STOP (12) This is the part that holds the firing pin in its recess. stocks, or the stocks being molded on the frame itself, thus offering increased
capacity without an extremely wide grip.
GRIP SAFETY (14) A device used to stop the gun from firing unless it is
firmly held in the shooter's hand. The grip safety is depressed by the web of MAIN SPRING (25) This is the spring which pushes the hammer forward. It
one's hand as he grasps the gun. In the rest position, the safety's arm is resting is kept inside the Mainspring Housing, at the rear of the frame and it has the
against the rear of the trigger, forbidding any rearward movement of the Main Spring Cap on its top. The Main Spring, the Main Spring Cap and the
trigger. When the shooter grabs the gun, this arm moves up, outside the Mainspring Pin Retainer (see word) are held inside the Mainspring Housing
trigger's path, allowing the trigger to disengage the sear, from the hammer, by the Mainspring Cap Pin.
and allowing the hammer to fall forward and hit the firing pin. This feature is
a characteristic of the M-1911 pistol, although J.M. Browning dropped it, MAINSPRING HOUSING (28) The lower rear part of the frame, which
from his design, in Browning Hi Power P-35. contains the Main Spring, the Main Spring Cap, the Main Spring Cap Pin and
the Main Spring Housing Pin Retainer. It is held in its place by the Main
HAMMER (15) The hammer is the part which strikes the firing pin to ignite Spring Housing Pin, which is usually inserted from the left part of the frame.
the primer in the cartridge. When the hammer is **ed, it is under the force of The Main Spring Housing comes in either flat or arched configurations and
the Main Spring, which pushes it forward. However it is stopped still, by the the user can select the one most comfortable for his hand. Most production
sear, which is engaged with the hammer. When the trigger is pulled, the sear pistols come with plastic mainspring housings, while those produced by most
is pulled away from the hammer, therefore the hammer falls forward, igniting gunsmiths have metallic housings.
the primer, which ignites the powder in the cartridge. As the powder burns,
the expanding gazes
PLUNGER ASSEMBLY The plunger assembly is the tube that you see on sear is pushed away from the hammer, disen**ng it and allowing its forward
the left part of the gun, right behind the Slide Stop and forward of the thumb movement. In case the sear disengages from the hammer without the trigger
safety, sometimes partially covered by the left grip panel. It consists of the being at the rear of its travel, there is one additional notch on the hammer,
plunger tube, the plunger levers (slide stop and safety lock plungers) and the called the half-** notch, at which the sear will get engaged, thus preventing
plunger spring. Its role is to exercise some pressure on certain areas of the an accidental discharge. DO NOT ALTER OR ELIMINATE the half-**
Slide Stop and Thumb Safety, in order to securely keep them at their correct notch from your hammer. This is dangerous and can easily lead to accidental
positions. Some people do a small dimple at the face of the slide stop on discharges. The half-** notch of some hammers does not allow the hammer
which the plunger lever acts, in order to keep the slide stop from moving to fall forward, even if the trigger is pulled (1 consider this a plus), while
upwards, unless it is pushed by the magazine follower. others allow the release of the hammer if the trigger is pulled (I consider this
unsafe). Also, please note that if your pistol is a Colt Gold Cup, there are two
RECOIL SPRING (37) A large spring, under the barrel, which is used to additional parts involved in the sear mechanism.
reduce the velocity of the slide, as it moves rearwards, under the pressure of
the expanding gases, produced when a cartridge is fired. Springs vary as far SEAR SPRING (44) A three-prong (or sometimes a four-prong) flat spring,
as their tension is concerned. which exerts pressure on the sear, the trigger and disconnector, and the grip
safety of the gun. Its role is therefore three-fold : a. to push the trigger
RECOIL SPRING GUIDE (38) This part is located underneath the barrel. In forward, against shooter's finger, b. to push the sear, so that it is constantly
its normal (at rest) position, it is pushed rearwards by the Recoil Spring. pushing against the hammer, and at the same time to push the disconnector
Some people prefer to change the short Recoil Spring Guide that comes with up c. to push the grip safety backwards, against the pressure of the gripping
most M-1911s, with full length guides, the principle being that such a device hand. If a four-prong spring is used, there are separate prongs for the sear and
does not allow the recoil spring to flex, as it is compressed, thus offering the disconnector, in order to improve trigger feel.
more consistent lockup position every time the gun fires.
SLIDE (45) The slide is the upper part of the gun. It contains the firing pin,
RECOIL SPRING PLUG (39) This is the part that keeps the Recoil Spring the firing pin spring, the barrel, the barrel bushing, the extractor, part of the
inside the slide. It can be seen, below the barrel, in the front part of the gun, firing pin safety mechanism and the front and rear sights. The slide is
held in place by the Barrel Bushing. The standard part is closed in the front. attached to the frame, in two rails on the side of the frame. In the M1911, the
If a full length guide is used, then that plug is open in the front, so that the slide is embracing the frame, contrary to some 9mm pistols (like the CZ-75)
guide can move forward in it. where the frame embraces the slide.

THUMB SAFETY (OR SAFETY LOCK) (40) This is the part that allows SLIDE STOP (46) The slide stop is used to keep the slide locked in its
the shooter to put his gun on safe. If pushed upwards, it blocks the movement backward position, either manually or when the gun fires the last round of the
of the sear, thus preventing the gun from firing. There are Safety Locks for magazine. In this last case, the follower of the magazine pushes the slide stop
either the left side of the gun only, or ambidextrous devices, which can be upwards, locking the slide at the rear. The slide stop is also linked to the
operated from both sides. Barrel Link, creating the rearward and downward movement of the barrel,
when the slide moves backward.
SEAR (42) This part is used to keep the hammer from going forward, until
the trigger is pulled. The sear has a special edge, which engages to a recess in STOCKS (48) The stocks can be either wooden or made of some modern
the hammer, preventing it from going forward. When the trigger is pulled, the material such as rubber or even mother-of-pearls. A cosmetic, but also a
functional part of the gun. Some shooters prefer rubber stocks as they allow a
better grip of the gun. Some others claim that rubber grips do not allow the RANGE OFFICER has TOTAL CONTROL over range activities.
hand to slide on them, so preventing the shooter from obtaining a good grip,
when in a hurry. The stocks are held on the gun by the Stock Screws,
normally slotted, but recently using Allen heads. The screws attach
themselves to the Stock Screw Bushings.

MAGAZINE CATCH ASSEMBLY The part that you push to eject a

magazine. It consists of the magazine catch, the magazine catch lock and the
magazine catch spring. It is used to keep the magazine securely in the gun,
until it is pressed, when the magazine is allowed to freely fall off the gun.

FRAME OR RECEIVER (36) The basic part of a gun, sometimes called a

"receiver". It is the part of the gun that you hold in your hand and in which
the magazine is inserted, when loading the gun. In the M-1911, the frame
also contains the trigger mechanism, and the thumb and the grip safety
mechanisms.

TRIGGER (51) The M-1911 trigger consists of two parts, the finger pad,
which is what protrudes from the gun frame and is pushed rearwards by the
shooter's finger and the bow which is the part that transfers the finger's
motion to the sear. The bow consists of a piece of metal, shaped like the
Greek capital letter Delta. In this way, the magazine can be inserted between
the two sections of the bow, without interfering with the trigger functioning.

Fours of Gun Safety

➔ Consider every gun as loaded.
➔ Never let the muzzle of the gun point at anything you don’t
intend to shoot.
➔ Always keep finger off-trigger until ready to fire.
➔ Be sure of your target and what is around it.

WEEK 4 FIRING RANGE SAFETY PROCEDURES

RANGE COMMANDS and PROCEDURES 1. Make sure that your firearm is unloaded when you enter the firing range.
ALL INSTRUCTIONS ON THE RANGE are to be given by the RANGE Check for a safe loading area.
OFFICER in a LOUD CLEAR VOICE able to be heard by all shooters.
2. Handle your firearm only in the firing line or SAFETY AREA with the
approval of the range officer.
3. Load firearm only upon the advice of a range officer.
4. NEVER HOLD YOUR FIREARM if there are people in front of you.
5. In the firing line without barriers, the person to your right is always the
priority unless stated otherwise. MIDTERM
6. Always announce that you are FIRING before you start shooting to allow
other persons in the range to prepare for your firing. BASIC FACTORS OF MARKSMANSHIP
7. Always wear eye and ear protective gears when firing inside the shooting
range. GAIN ATTENTION
8. Follow 1800 safety rule. When allowed to handle your firearm, always
point the muzzle of your firearm downrange. Marksmanship describes a person's ability to shoot a firearm accurately.
9. Make sure that no magazine is inserted inside your pistol and keep your
hammer down unless you are allowed to shoot. PRINCIPLE OF MARKSMANSHIP
10. After clearing your firearm of ammunition, ** the hammer and pull the
trigger with the muzzle pointing downrange to fully ensure that the firearm is The shooting position and hold must be firm enough to support the rifle.
cleared of any ammunition.
11. Holster (if allowed) or bag firearm if firing. If you are to place the firearm The rifle must point naturally at the target without any undue physical effort.
in a table, open the cylinder of the unloaded revolver or pull back and lock
the slide of the pistol. Sight alignment and sight picture must be correct.
12. Follow at all times the Four Rules of Gun Safety.
The shot must be released and followed through without undue disturbance
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF SHOOTING ARMS to the position.
1. Right Thumb - primarily used to control the safety lever and depress the
magazine release button. In ths seconds before taking the shot, the final procedure should always be
2. Weak Hand - it used to support the shooting hand/ strong hand, insert the the same, stable shooting position, good sight picture, controlled breathing,
magazine into the magazine well and cocking the weapon. controlled trigger pressure, follow through.
3. Trigger Finger- used to squeeze the trigger only for the right-handed and
for the left handed also used to depress the magazine release button. CONTENT PROPER
4. Thumb of the Supporting Hand/ thumb supporting hand - it is used to
apply the rearward pressure to the hammer spur to ** it and depress the slide INTRODUCTION
stop, if in case the slide is open.
For this week, we will be discussing the different basic factors of
markmanship which includes gripping, stances, sight alignment, trigger
factor and follow through.

BASIC FACTORS OF MARKSMANSHIP

 1.)TWO HAND GRIP - The two-hand grip allows the shooter to steady the
I.GRIPPING - grip firmly, use the web between your thumb and second firing hand and provide maximum support during firing. The non-firing hand
finger as the base then wrap the other 4 fingers to the sides. becomes a support mechanism for the firingn hand becomes a support
mechanism for the firing hand by wrapping the fingers of the non-firing hand
-A proper grip is one of the most important fundamentals of quick fire. The around the firing hand. Two around the firing hand. Two-hand grips are
weapon must become an extension of the hand and arm; it should replace the recommended for all pistol firing.
finger in pointing at an object. The shooter must apply a firm, uniform grip to
the weapon. WARNING

•GRIPPING PRESURE - push and pull (30-70%) DO NOT PLACE THE NON-FIRING THUMB IN THE REAR OF THE
• Grips is not so hard but also not so loose WEAPON. THE RECOIL UPON FIRING COULD RESULT IN
PERSONAL INJURY.
a.ONE HAND GRIP - Hold the weapon in the non - firing hand; form a V
with the thumb and forefinger of the strong hand (firing hand). Place the (1)FIRST GRIP - Grip the weapon as with the one-hand grip. Firmly close
weapon in the V with the front and rear sights in line with the firing arm. the fingers of the non-firing hand over the fingers of the firing hand, ensuring
Wrap the lower three fingers around the pistol grip, puttinf equal pressure that the index finger from the non-firinf hand is between the middle finger of
with all three fingers to the rear. Allow the thumb of the firing hand to the firing hand and the trigger guard. Place the non-firing thumb alongside
alongside the weapon without pressure ( figure 1-1). Grip the weapon tightly the firing thumb
until the hand begins to trembling stops. At this point, the necessary pressure
for a proper grip has been applied. Place the trigger finger on the trigger (figure 1-2).
between the tip and second joint so that it can be squeezed to the rear. The
trigger finger must work independently of the remaining fingers.
Depending upon the indivudual firer, he may choose to place the index
If only the three fingers on the gril are relaxed, the grip must be reapplied. finger of his non-firing hand on the front of the trigger guard since M9 and
M11 pistols have a rescurved trigger guard designed for this purpose.

(2) PALM SUPPORTED GRIP -This grip is commonly called the cup and
saucer grip. Grip the firing hand as with the one-hand grip. Place the
non-firing hand under the firing hand, wrapping the non-firing fingers around
the back of the firing hand. Place the non-firing thumb over the middle finger
or the firing hand (figure 1-3).

Figure 1-3 palm-supported grip.

(3) WEAVER GRIP - Apply this grip the same as the first grip the only
exception is that non-firing thumb is wrapped over the firing thumb (figure
B. BOXING STANCE - One foot step forward or backward
1-4).

Figure 1-4 weaver grip.

II. STANCE - Center of gravity must be between two equal weight as

support

KINDS OF STANCE:

TYPES OF STANCE:
A.NORMAL STANCE - Both feet open apart
A.NATURAL STANCE - both feet open apart and both arms extended B.ISOSCELES STANCE - Both feet open apart and both arms extended
forward with eyes and shoulders at same level forward, with elbow bent outward and body bent forward. Both eyes and
shoulders at same level.

C. SHADOW STANCE - Both feet open apart and both arms extended
forward not more than one foot from your eyes with both elbow bent close to
your body
 co

D. WEAVER STANCE - One foot forward with shooting arm extended

forward supported by the weak hand.

III. SIGHT ALIGNMENT

-Proper relationship between front sight post and rear sight post

-Is the process of lining up rear and front sights. It is especially important in
handgun shooting because of the shorter distance between sights.
 With a telescopic sight with a crosshair reticle, you line up the target with the
•The sight picture is the image you see when the sights are aligned crosshairs of the sight.
correctly with the target.

•To ensure that the bullet will travel to the target in your sight, it's necessary
to sight-in your handgun.

With a telescopic sight with a dot reticle, you line up the target with the dot
With an iron sight, you place the top of the front sight level with the flat top of the sight. The dot must be centered.
of the rear sight. The front sight must be centered between the sides of the
rear notch

TYPES OF SIGHT ALIGNMENT

1.0 o'clock - The tip of front sight post and rear sight post are level and are
equal on both sides

2.3 o'clock- The tip of the front sight post and rear sight post are level. The
tip of front sight post is near on the right portion than the left portion
3. 6 o'clock - The tip of the front sight post is lower than the tip of the rear IV. TRIGGER SQUEEZE
sight post, and are equal on both sides -Use the first pad of the trigger finger to squeeze the trigger

-It is the method used to apply pressure on the trigger so that the shot can be
fired with the least amount of disturbance to sight alignment.

V. FOLLOW THROUGH

-Continuous squeezing of the trigger until the last round

-After the bullet fires, be sure to continue the squeeze or follow-through to

avoid jerking the gun before the bullet leaves the barrel.
4. 9 o'clock - The tip of the front sight post and rear sight post are level. The
tip of front sight post is nearer on the left portion than the right portion
-It is the combined and physical application of the fundamentals after each
round has been fired.

BASIC FACTORS OF MARKSMANSHIP

A proper grip is one of the most important fundamentals of quick fire and
provides the shoulder with the maximum control of the weapon.

The excellence of the stance is a major factor in creating conditions for

maximum control. The shooter on the basis of his own particular
configuration must find a stance which provides the greatest degree of
5. 12 o'clock - The tip of the front sight post is higher than the tip of the rear stability for his body.
sight post, both sides are equal
Sight alignment is the relationship between the rear sight and front sight to
the target with respect to the eye. This differs from the sight alignment only
by adding the bullseye or aiming points to the front sight blade.

Trigger finger is the independent action of the trigger with uniform

increasing pressure straight to the rear after slack has been taken.

Follow through is the combined and physical application of the fundamentals

after each round has been fired.

This week's lesson emphasized on the basic factors of marksmanship which

are important for developing your skills as a future law enforcement officer.

WEEK 8 - COMPONENTS OF MARKSMANSHIP

Elements of Aiming
a. Front Sight Post - the tip of the front part of the slide to determine the
direction of the barrel
b. Rear Sight Post - the tip of the rear portion of the slide, aligned in the
front sight post, which produces an imaginary straight line towards the
target
c. Aiming Point - the reference point of the target

II. Steady Hold Factor - the technique of holding the pistol, as steady as
possible, while aiming, breathing and squeezing the trigger

I. Aiming - the act of pointing the gun to hit the desired target

Right thumb - control the safety elver and depress sa magazine

Weakhand - support the shooting hand and insert the magazine 3. Stage Area - Practice shooting with live ammo, with the assistance of a range
Trigger finger - nagssqueeze the trigger officer
Thumb of supporting hand - apply sa pressure ng hammer spur

WEEK 9
AREAS OF FIRING RANGE, DIVISION OF STAGES, SHOOTING
POSITIONS

DIVISIONS OF THE STAGE

1. Downrange - Target Area
a. Backstop - for bullet penetration

INTRODUCTION
Firing Range is facility designed for the purpose of providing a place on which to b. Target - either paper of metal target
discharge firearms, shoot air guns and/or archery equipment. The Firing Range used
to train and certify law enforcement personnel in the use of handguns, shotguns,
rifles, etc. Firing Range includes backstops, shooting booths or firing
points/positions, target carrier systems, firing range control centers, spaces related to
the use, cleaning, and storage of firearms-which may require special ballistic,
hazardous material, and security measure.

AREAS OF THE FIRING RANGE

1. Loading and Unloading Area - Before entering the firing range perimeter to
remove the magazine and clear the chamber on the receptacle tube

2. Safety Area - Practice shooting without live ammo allowed

2. Uprange - Place for the competition
a. Shooter - competitor
 b. Range Officer-in-charge for securing and implementation of gun safety
procedures

3. Marker - boundary line from the other competitors

4. Spectator Area - stand-by area for the next shooters and other audience

b. Standing Position without Support.

Face the target. Place feet a comfortable distance apart, about shoulder width.
Extend the firing arm and attain a two-hand grip. The wrist and elbow of the firing
arm are locked and pointed toward the target center. Keep the body straight with the
shoulders slightly forward of the buttocks.

SHOOTING POSITIONS
The qualification course is fired from a standing, kneeling, or crouch position.
During qualification and combat firing, soldiers must practice all of the firing
positions described below so they become natural movements. Though these
positions seem natural, practice sessions must be conducted to ensure the habitual
attainment of correct firing positions. Practice in assuming correct firing positions
ensures that soldiers can quickly assume these positions without a conscious effort. c. Kneeling Position.
Pistol marksmanship requires a soldier to rapidly apply all the fundamentals at In the kneeling position, ground only your firing-side
dangerously close targets while under stress. Assuming a proper position to allow for knee as the main support. Vertically place your firing-side
a steady aim is critical to survival. foot, used as the main support, under your buttocks. Rest
your body weight on the heel and toes. Rest your non
NOTE: During combat, there may not be time for a soldier to assume a position firing arm just above the elbow on the knee not used as
that will allow him to establish his natural point of aim. Firing from a covered the main body support. Use the two-handed grip for
position may require the soldier to adapt his shooting stance to available cover. firing. Extend the firing arm, and lock the firing-arm elbow and wrist to ensure solid
arm control.
a. Pistol-Ready Position.
In the pistol-ready position, hold the weapon in the one hand grip. Hold the upper
arm close to the body and the forearm at about a 45-degree angle. Point the weapon
toward the target center as you move forward.
d. Crouch Position.
Use this crouch position when surprise targets are engaged at close range. Place o
the body in a forward crouch (boxer's stance) with the knees bent slightly and trunk
bent forward from the hips to give faster recovery from recoil. Place the feet “Excellence is an art won by training and habituation. We do not act rightly
naturally in a position that allows another step toward the target. Extend the weapon because we have virtue or excellence, but we rather have those because we acted
straight toward the target, and lock the wrist and elbow of the firing arm. It is rightly. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but habit,” -
important to consistently train with this position, since the body will automatically Aristotle
crouch under conditions of stress such as combat. It is also a faster position from
which to change direction of fire. INTRODUCTION

The fundamentals of marksmanship make good shooters either on a range at a

e. Prone Position. competition or on the battlefield. Marksmanship is a skill that can be developed and
Lie flat on the ground, facing the target. Extend your arms in front with the firing must be maintained. Proper fundamentals, technique and practice will make you a
arm locked. (Your arms may have to be slightly unlocked for firing at high targets.) better shooter. In order to achieve good results, it is important to practice all elements
Rest the butt of the weapon on the ground for single, well-aimed shots. Wrap the of the shooting technique and how they interrelate, since a lack of coordination
fingers of the non firing hand around the fingers of the firing hand. Face forward. between these elements can be lead to bad results.
Keep your head down between your arms and behind the weapon as much as
possible. For this week, we will be discussing the different shooters’ habits and different firing
techniques.

SHOOTERS’ HABITS

I. Before Shooting
1. Always finger out
2. Point the muzzle to the safe direction or downrange
f. Standing Position with Support. 3. Ready Gun Condition
Use available cover for support-for example, a tree or wall to a. Insert magazine, chamber loaded, safety engaged, gun on
stand behind. Stand behind a barricade with the firing side on top of the table.
line with the edge of the barricade. Place the knuckles of the b. Insert magazine, chamber empty, gun on top of the table.
non firing fist at eye level against the edge of the barricade. c. No magazine, chamber empty, gun on the top of the table.
Lock the elbow and wrist of the firing arm. Move the foot on 4. Identify the target
the non firing side forward until the toe of the boot touches
the bottom of the barricade. II. After Shooting
1. Always finger out
2. Point the muzzle to the safe direction
g. Kneeling Supported Position. 3. Release the magazine
Use available cover for support-for example, use a low wall, rocks, or vehicle. Place 4. Clear the chamber
your firing-side knee on the ground. Bend the other knee and place the foot (non 5. Hammer down
firing side) flat on the ground, pointing toward the target. Extend arms alongside and 6. Gun on top of the table
brace them against available cover. Lock the wrist and elbow of your firing arm.
Place the non firing hand around the fist to support the firing arm. Rest the non firing FIRING TECHNIQUES
arm just above the elbow on the non firing-side knee.
Firing techniques include the use of hand-and-eye coordination, flash sight picture, down. Pressure is applied to the trigger as the front sight is being acquired,
quick-fire point shooting and quick-fire sighting. and the hammer falls as the flash sight picture is confirmed. Initially, this
method should be practiced slowly, with speed gained as proficiency
a. Hand-and-Eye Coordination. increases.
Hand-and-eye coordination is not a natural, instinctive ability for all
soldiers. It is usually a learned skill obtained by practicing the use of a flash c. Quick-Fire Point Shooting.
sight picture (see paragraph b below). The more a soldier practices raising This is for engag/ing an enemy at less than 5 yards and is also useful for
the weapon to eye level and obtaining flash sight picture, the more natural night firing. Using a two-haand grip, the firer brings the weapon up close to
the relationship between soldier, sights, and target becomes. Eventually, the body until it reaches chin level. He then thrusts it forward until both
proficiency elevates to a point so that the soldier can accurately engage arms are straight. The arms and body forms a triangle, which can be aimed
targets in the dark. Each soldier must be aware of this trait and learn how to as a unit. In thrusting the weapon forward, the firer can imagine that there is
use it best. Poorly coordinated soldiers can achieve proficiency through a box between him and the enemy, and he is thrusting the weapon into the
close supervision from their trainers. Everyone has the ability to point at an box. The trigger is smoothly squeezed to the rear as the elbow straighten.
object. Since pointing the forefinger at an object and extending the weapon
toward a target are much the same, the combination of the two are natural. d. Quick-Fire Sighting.
Making the soldier aware of this ability and teaching him how to apply it This technique is for engag/ing an enemy at 5 to 10 yards away and only
results in success when engag/ing enemy targets in combat. when there is no time available to get full picture. The firing position is the
same as for quick-fire point shooting. The sights are aligned left and right to
(1) The eyes focus instinctively on the center of any object observed. save time, but not up and down. The firer must determine in practice what
After the object is sighted, the firer aligns his sights on the center the sight picture will look like and where the front sight must be almed to
of mass, focuses on the front sight, and applies proper trigger hit the enemy in the chest.
squeeze. Most crippling or killing hits result from maintaining the
focus on the center of mass. The eyes must remain fixed on some
part of the target throughout firing. SHOOTERS’ HABITS, FIRING TECHNIQUES: SYNTHESIS
Whether you’re at home or at a gun range, safety should always be your number one
(2) When a soldier points, he instinctively points at the feature on the priority. Whenever your gun isn’t in use, keep it unloaded and safely stored away in a
object on which his eyes are focused. An impulse from the brain protective gun case of a gun safe.
causes the arm and hand to stop when the finger reaches the proper
position. When the eyes are shifted to a new object or feature, the Firing techniques include the us of hand-and-eye coordination, flash sight picture,
finger, hand, and arm also shift to this point. It is this inherent trait quick-fire point shooting, and quick-fire sighting.
that can be used by the soldier to engage targets rapidly and
accurately. This instinct is called hand-and-eye coordination. While in other sports, strength, speed and agility are needed; shooting demands
stability, calmness, and micro-coordination.
b. Flash Sight Picture.
Usually, when engag/ing an enemy at pistol range, the firer has little time to
ensure a correct sight picture. The quick-kill (or natural point of aim)
method does not always ensure a first-round hit. A compromise between a
correct sight picture and the quick-kill method is known as the flash sight
picture. As the soldier raises the weapon to eye level, his point of focus
switches from the enemy to the front sight, ensuring that the front and rear
sights are in proper alignment left and right, but not necessarily up and
SEMI- FINALS
SCORING QUALIFICATION, DISQUALIFICATION

Kinds of Scoring
SCORING COMPUTATION 1. Major Scoring = For Cal.45 (Major Load)
A = 5 (ALPHA)
C = 4 (CHARLIE)
D = 2 (DELTA)
M = -10 (MISSED)

2. Minor Scoring = For 9mm (Minor Load)

A = 5 (ALPHA)
C= 3 (CHARLIE)
D = 1 (DELTA)
M= -10 (MISSED)

Counts of Scoring
1. Virginia Counts of Scoring - limited rounds of ammo , limited ammunation
2. Comstock Counts of Scoring - unlimited rounds of ammo, may use more than
rounds ammunation

DISQUALIFICATION
1. DROPPED GUN

2. ACCIDENTAL DISCHARGE - unintentional shot

3. Unsafe Gun Handling

a. Handling firearm not in the designated safety area and without direct command
from the range of officer
b. Breaking 180°
c. Breaking 90° a. Recoil Anticipation. When a soldier first learns to shoot, he may begin to
d. Sweeping - the muzzle of the gun passing any part of the body (rule no 2) anticipate recoil. This reaction may cause him to tighten his muscles during or just
before the hammer falls. He may fight the recoil by pushing the weapon downward
in anticipating or reacting to its firing. In either case, the rounds will not hit the point
of aim.
A good method to show the firer that he is anticipating the recoil is the
ball-anddummy method. In this method, the coach loads the weapon for the
firer. He may hand the firer a loaded weapon or an empty one. When firing
the empty weapon, the firer observes that in anticipating recoil he is forcing
the weapon downward as the hammer falls. Repetition of the
ball-and-dummy method helps to alleviate recoil anticipation.
b. Trigger Jerk. Trigger jerk occurs when the soldier sees that he has acquired a
good sight picture at center mass and "snaps" off a round before the good sight
picture is lost. This may become a problem, especially when the soldier is learning to
TARGET ENGAGEMENT, TRAVERSING use a flash sight picture.
c. Heeling. Heeling is caused by a firer tightening the large muscle in the heel of the
hand to keep from jerking the trigger. A firer who has had problems with jerking the
trigger tries to correct the fault by tightening the bottom of the hand, which results in
a heeled shot. Heeling causes the strike of the bullet to hit high on the firing hand
side of the target. The firer can correct shooting errors by knowing and applying
correct trigger squeeze.

INTRODUCTION TRAVERSING
For this week, we will be discussing target engagement and traversing. In close combat, the enemy may be attacking from all sides. The soldier may not
To engage a single target, the firer applies the method discussed in trigger squeeze. have time to constantly change his position to adapt to new situations. The purpose
When engag/ing multiple targets in combat, he engages the closest and most of the crouching or kneeling 360-degree traverse is to fire in any direction without
dangerous multiple target first and fires at it with two rounds. The firer then traverses moving the feet.
and acquires the next target, aligns the sights in the center of mass, focuses on the
front sight, applies trigger squeeze, and fires. He ensures his firing arm elbow and
wrist are locked during all engagements. If he has missed the first target and has fired
upon the second target, he shifts back to the first and engages it.

TARGET ENGAGEMENT
In close combat, there is seldom time to precisely apply all of the fundamentals of
marksmanship. When a soldier fires a round at the enemy, he often does not know if
he hits his target. Therefore, two rounds should be fired at the target. This is called
controlled pairs. If the enemy continues to attack, two more shots should be placed in
the pelvic area to break the body's support structure, causing the enemy to fall.

Some problems in target engagement are as follows:

 comfortably. Eventually the left hand must be released from the fist grip, and the
a. Crouching 360-Degree Traverse. firer will be shooting to the right rear with the right hand.
The following instructions are for a right-handed firer. The two-hand grip is used at
all times except for over the right shoulder. The firer remains in the crouch position b. Kneeling 360-Degree Traverse.
with feet almost parallel to each other. Turning will be natural on the balls of the feet. The following instructions are for right-handed firers. The hands are in a twohand
grip at all times. The unsupported kneeling position is used. The rear foot must be
positioned to the left of the front foot.

(1) Over the Left Shoulder : The upper body is turned to the (1) Traversing to the Left Side : The upper body turns to a
left, the weapon points to the left rear with the elbows of both comfortable position toward the left. The weapon is aimed to the
arms bent. The left elbow is naturally bent more than the right left. Both elbows are bent with the left elbow naturally bent more
elbow. than the right elbow.

(2) Traversing to the Front: The upper body turns to the front,
(2) Traversing to the Left : The upper body turns to the right, and a standard unsupported kneeling position is assumed. The
and the right firing arm straightens out. The left arm is slightly right firing arm is straight, and the left elbow is slightly bent.
bent.

(3) Traversing to the Right Side : The upper body turns to the
(3) Traversing to the Front: The upper body turns to the front as right as both arms straighten out.
the left arm straightens out. Both arms are straight forward.

(4) Traversing to the Right: The upper body turns to the right as (4) Traversing to the Rear : The upper body continues to
both elbows bend. The right elbow is naturally bent more than the turn to the right as the left knee is turned to the right and
left. placed on the ground. The right knee is lifted off the ground
and becomes the forward knee. The right arm is straight,
P while the left arm is bent. The direction of the kneeling
position has been reversed.

(5) Traversing to the New Right Side: The upper body

(5) Traversing to the Right Rear: The upper body continues to continues to the right. Both elbows are straight until the body
turn to the right until it reaches a point where it cannot go further reaches a point where it cannot go further comfortably.
Eventually, the left hand must be released from the fist grip, and the firer is shooting
2. 3 o'clock - the tip of the front sight post and rear sight
to the right with the one-hand grip. post are level. The tip of front sight post is nearer on the
right portion than the left portion

C. Training Method.
This method can be trained and practiced anywhere and, with the firer simulating a
two-hand grip, without a weapon. The firer should be familiar with firing in all five
directions.

ERROR IS SIGHT ALIGNMENT 3. 6 o'clock - the tip of the front sight post is lower than
the tip of the rear sight post, and are equal on both sides

4. 9 o'clock - the tip of the front sight post and rear sight
post are level. The tip of front sight post is nearer on the
There are several points which may help the trainee to understand sight left portion than the right portion
alignment better:
1. He must be convinced of its importance because it is the key to the whole process.
2. He must understand for instance, that his eye can focus on only one of the two
sights at one time. It is fairly obvious that his choice must be the frontsight since that
is located at the muzzle and or the barrel and, therefore, dictates where the shots will
go. In other words when the front sight is low,the shot will go low, and so on.
3. He must also understand that, it serves as a sort of window through which he looks 5. 12 o'clock - the tip of the front sight post is higher than
at the front sight. As in the case of window, people don't look “AT” it, they look the tip of the rear sight post, both sides are equal
“THROUGH" it. They are always aware of the frame but allow it to remain out or
focus in the side vision.

RECAP: SIGHT ALIGNMENT

1. O o'clock - the tip of front sight post and rear sight post
are level and are equal on both sides
ERRORS IN SIGHT ALIGNMENT 3. Twin Tap-two succeeding shots fired on the target with two different sight
1. Angular Shift Error - Improper alignment
placement of the front sight post ( type 4. Triple Tap - three fast succeeding shots fired to the target in one correct sight
of error in sight alignment. alignment

Front sight ang iaadjust Dominant or Master Eye

Just as you have a dominant hand, you also have a dominant eye. You need to aim
Kung nasan ang hit andon ang front
with the dominant-or master-eye for the most accurate shooting. Usually your
sight
dominant eye is the same as your dominant hand, but not always.
2. Parallel Shift Error - Improper You should determine which is your dominant eye before you sight-in your handgun.
positioning of the sight alignment

Sight alignment ang iaadjust

To determine your dominant eye:

1. Form a triangular opening with your thumbs and forefingers.
2. Stretch your arms out in front of you.
3. Focus on a distant object while looking through the triangular opening and
keeping both eyes open.
4. Bring your hands slowly to your face, keeping sight of the object through the
opening; the opening will come to your dominant eye naturally.
After shooting, what must the competitor do after releasing the magazine?
If you're not sure, close one eye at a time. The weak eye will see the back of your
- Clear the chamber and hammer down
hand; the strong one will be focused on the object in the triangle.
When entering the range perimeter, what does the person possessing a firearm must
do first?
- Go to unloading area to clear the firearm
Kinds of Magazine Load; Tactical Magazine Reloading; Rapid Magazine
Reloading

DOMINANT EYE, TRIGGER TAP

KINDS OF TRIGGER TAP

1. Single Tap - individual shot fired in the target
2. Double Tap - two fast succeeding shots fired to the target, on one correct sight
alignment
 TACTICAL MAGAZINE RELOADING
1. Release empty magazine
2. Catch the empty magazine
3. Insert the empty magazine in your pocket. Do not mix it with the loaded magazine
4. Insert the loaded magazine
5.C.ocking the weapon

RAPID MAGAZINE RELOADING

1. Release the empty magazine
2. Let the empty magazine drop on the ground
3. Insert the loaded magazine
4.C.ocking the firearm
5. If there is time to pick-up the empty magazine. Insert it in your pocket. Do not mix
it to your loaded magazine

SYNTHESIS
There are two kinds of magazine load: Stripper Magazine and Loaded Magazine.

The speed or fast reload is normally reserved for situations where the gun is empty or
the need to reload is so overwhelming that trying to save a partially reloaded
magazine should be ignored.

Do a tactical, or slow, reload when you want to retain a partially loaded magazine for
KINDS OF MAGAZINE LOAD
use at a later time when it's safe to do so.
1. Stripper Magazine
- Loading not more than two rounds of ammo
2. Loaded Magazine
- Load magazine with complete rounds of ammo