Penny International College Jss I Business Studies First Term Scheme of Work
Penny International College Jss I Business Studies First Term Scheme of Work
Penny International College Jss I Business Studies First Term Scheme of Work
WEEKS: TOPICS:
2. THE OFFICE:
- meaning, types, functions, different offices in an organization.
3. OFFICE STAFF:
- meaning, functions, qualities, confidentiality of office information.
6. INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCE:
- meaning, importance, activities which aids Commerce.
7. DIVISION OF COMMERCE:
8. PRODUCTION:
- meaning, types, effects of production on environment/society.
9. Revision.
10. Examination.
Functions of business:
Business performs the following function in our society:
1. It provides employment for people.
2. It improves the standard of living.
3. It brings a reward to economic activity.
4. It enables profits making.
5. It provides raw materials for the production of goods.
6. It makes good and services available to consumers.
7. It enables one to earn a living.
8. It enhances development.
Office practice: This is the study that deals with the activities which are performed in
the management of an office for effective business.
Commerce: The study deals with the activity of buying, selling and distribution of goods
and services to the final consumers. Commerce is the heart of a business.
Shorthand: This is the system of representing spoken words or sounds in written signs
and symbols. Shorthand is the magic of Secretaryship. A person that can type and also
write in shorthand is called a Stenographer.
Typewriting(keyboarding): This is the system of transforming handwritten manuscript
into typed form with the use of a machine called “Typewriter”. Keyboarding/typewriting is
communication tool. A person that can type is called a Typist. A room where
typewriters are safely kept is called Typing pool.
Book keeping: This is the art of recording daily business transaction in a systematic,
appropriate and orderly manner.
Accounting: This is the system of collecting, organizing, recording, analyzing and
reconciling all financial information of an organization.Book keeping and accounting are
the soul of enterprise.
ASSIGNMENT 1:
i. 1. What is Business and Business Studies?
2. Mention two types of businesses which are done for profit.
3. list five components of Business Studies.
4. List at least five career opportunities in Business Studies.
ii. Refer to: Macmillan Business studies Book 1, Page 3; Objective Questions 1- 5.
WEEK 2:
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. define an office.
ii. differentiate between the two types of office.
iii. mention the functions of an office.
iv. list two offices in their school.
v. list four items that can be found in an office.
Functions of an office
The following function are performed in an office
1. R-Receiving information
2. A-Arranging information
3. S-Safe guarding information
4. R-Recording information
5. G-Giving information
6. P-Processing information
7. F-Filing of document
Safe guarding information:Company information and assets must be kept secret and
safe by filling in order not to jeopardize the company’s image.
Giving information: Information is disseminated (pass out) to where they are needed by
sending letters, telephone, messages,fax machine order.
Items found in an office : Items found in an office are things used for comfortable and
efficient performance of office work done such as file cabinet, book shelves, telephone,
letter tray, stationary, world map, globe, calculators, perforators, photocopier, printer,
scanner, computer, intercom, shredding machine, and stapler.
Types of office:
An office is classified into two types namely;
a.) Office by Size.
b.) Office by Administrative structure.
1.) Small office: This is a type of office which is usually small in size with a limited
number of staff. Examples of small office include; principal’s office, bursar’s office
etc.
Advantages of small office:
1. There is close relationship between workers.
2. Various duties are performed, thereby educating workers on different field.
3. There is no specialization.
4. There is proper supervision of job.
2.) Large office: This is a type of office which is usually big in size.it has several
specialized units or department. Examples of large office include banking hall etc.
Advantages of large office:
1. There is specialized and team work.
2. There is enough space for office equipment; thereby promoting efficiency in the
office.
3. It is divided into functional units.
Disadvantages of large office:
1. There is limited experience.
2. There is no close relationship between employees (workers) and their
employers (boss).
3. There is no proper supervision of job.
ASSIGNMENT 2:
i. 1. Define an office.
2. What name is the staff room in your school called?
3. What are the functions of an office?
4. State the two types of office: i) By size
ii. Refer to: Macmillan Business studies Book 1, Page 9; Objective Questions 1- 6.
WEEK 3
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. describe a clerical staff.
ii. state functions of a clerical staff.
iii. explain the qualities of a clerical staff.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. a) Who is a Clerk? b)List four qualities of a clerical staff.
2. Refer to: Macmillan Business studies Book 1, Page 13; Objective Questions 1- 5.
WEEK 4
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. state the attributes and rewards of positive attitude to work.
ii. state the consequences of negative attitude to work.
iii. explain the concept of punctuality and regularity.
iv. state the attributes of punctuality and regularity.
v. mention sanctions for irregularity.
vi. meaning of devotion to duty?
MEANING:
Work can be defined as any activity that people engage themselves upon in order to
earn a living.
Attitude to work means having a certain state of mind towards a particular work done
by an individual in an organization. There are basically two differentattitude to work,
namely:
A. Positive attitude to work
B. Negative attitude to work
Regularity can be defined as the quality of doing the same thing often (consistently)
over a period of time without being absent.
Devotion to duty:
Meaning:
This is the state in which a worker gives great love, care, time, focus, effort, and support
entirely for, and or to the work he/she does in an organization. Responsible workers
show a high degree of seriousness in their work place to proof that they are devoted to
their duty.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. Define devotion to duty.
2. Mention four attributes of a person with the right attitude to work.
3. Name three consequences of a negative attitude to work.
4. Mention three consequences of irregularity.
WEEK 5
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. define department.
ii. state types of department in an organization.
iii. Identify the functions of each of department.
TOPIC: DEPARTMENT
What is a department?
A department can be defined as a unit or section in an organization.
Types of department:
1. Administrative department
2. Accounts department
3. Purchasing department
4. Sales department
5. Personnel department
6. Production department
7.Transport department
8. Planning department
9. Marketing department
Purchasing department: This department deals with buying of raw materials and items
needed in an organization. It is headed by a Purchasing manager.
Functions of Purchasing department:
1. It buys raw material and equipment needed.
2. It ensures that suppliers submit quotations.
3. It checks invoice and delivery note.
Sales department: This is the department that performs the selling activities of the
organization’s products. It is headed by the Sales Manager.
Functions of Sales department:
1. It sells the organization’s product.
2. It ensures that good gets to final consumer.
3. It provides exhibition and sales promotion of goods.
Personnel department: This is the department that handles the affairs of all the staff in
the organization. It is headed by the Personnel Manager.
Planning department:This is the department that generates new ideas for the
improvement of the organization. It is headed by the Planning Manager.
Functions of planning department:
1. It initiates change for a better production.
2. It identifies new areas of investment.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. What is Department?
2. List four important departments in an organization.
3. Refer to: Macmillan Business Studies book 1, page 21, 5.13 Objective questions
1-4.
WEEK 6
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. define Commerce.
ii. List the importance of Commerce.
iii. List the activities which aid commerce.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. What is Commerce?
2. List two importance of commerce.
3. List five activities that aid commerce.
4. Mention four commercial activities carried in your area.
Week 7
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
i. classify Commerce.
ii. state types of Trade.
iii. differentiate between home and foreign trade.
iv. explain import and export trade.
v. list products involved in home and foreign trade..
Commerce
Insurance
TRADE
MEANING:
Trade can be defined as a business activity which deals with the buying and selling of
goods and services in order to make profit. Trade is the major branch of commerce.
Types of trade:
There are two types of trade:
a.) Home trade b.) Foreign trade
A.) HOME TRADE: This is the act of buying and selling of goods and services among
people living within the same geographical area i.e. within a country. Home trade is also
known as Domestic or Internal trade. Examples of home trade are: trade from Aba to
Lagos, Kano to Oyo etc.
Types of home trade:
There are two types of home trade. They are:
(i) Wholesale trade (ii) Retail trade
Wholesale trade: This is the act of buying goods in large quantity from producersand
selling in small quantity to retailers. Traders who buy goodsdirectly from the producers
in large quantity are called Wholesalers.
A wholesaler serves as the intermediary between the Producers and the Retailers.
Retail trade:This is the act of buying goods in small quantity from the wholesalers and
selling in units to the final consumers. Traders who buy goodsdirectly from the
wholesalersin small quantityare called Retailers. The Retailer is the final link between
the Producers and the Consumer.
NOTE:
The end users of a product i.e. people who buy goods in unit or bits directly from the
retailers for utilization (use)/ consumption are called Consumers.
There are two categories of retail trade in Nigeria. They are: Large retailers and Small
retailers.
Large retailers are traders that buy variety of products in unlimited quantities from
several producers to meet the needs of the customers. For example:
Shoprite,Justritestore, Park and Shops etc.
Small retailers aretraders that buy variety of products in limited quantities. For
example: kiosk owners, hawkers etc.
B.) FOREIGN TRADE: This is the act of buying and selling of goods and services
beyond the geographical boundaries of a country i.e. between two or more countries.
Foreign trade is also known as International or External trade.
Examples of foreign trade are: trade between Nigeria and Japan, China and Italy,
Holland and USA, etc.
Export trade: This is the act of selling goods to other countries. For instance, a trader
in Nigeria can sellscocoa , palm oil, rubber, crude oil etc. to foreign countries such as
America, Britain, Cuba, Netherland, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, USA, Japan
etc.
ENTREPOT TRADE : This is the act of buying goods from other countries and reselling
the same goods to another country.
Entrepot trade is also referred to as Re-export trade (i.e. importing for re-exporting).
For example; a trader in Nigeria that buys cars from Germany into Nigeria and resells
them in Ghana.
Trade
ASSIGNMENT
1. Define Trade.
2. Explain the two types of Trade.
3. List five products involves in Home trade.
4. List five products and five countries involved in Foreign trade.
5. Refer to: Macmillan Business book 1. Page 27, Exercise 7.6, Objective questions
no 1-4.
AIDS TO TRADE
Meaning:
Aids to trade can be described as those commercial activities which facilitates
the buying and selling of goods and services. Aids to trade are also called
Auxiliaries to trade.
1. BANKING AND FINANCE:This is the system of accepting and safe keeping of
money and other valuables for people. It is also the granting of credits in the form
of loans and overdrafts to people in order to finance their business. A financial
institution which is set up purposely for the safekeeping of money and other
valuables is known as a BANK.
4. INSURANCE:This is the provision made for the protection of life and property
against unexpected loss or risk. The amount paid on monthly basis to the
insurance company by the insured is called PREMIUM e.g. life assurance,
marine, fire, burglary insurance etc.
TOPIC: PRODUCTION
Production is defined as the process of transforming raw materials into finished or
semi-finished goods, distribution and provision of goods and services for the satisfaction
of human wants.
In other words, Production is the creation of utility.
What is raw material?
Raw material is referred to as the item which is in its natural state i.e. unprocessed
goods.
What is human want?
Human want is the effective desire for a particular thing which expresses itself in the
effort necessary to obtain it.
Human want can be divided into two, namely;
1. Material wants: They are classified as goods (tangible goods); they can be seen,
touched and moved e.g. cars, books, rice, yam, table, bags, shoes etc
2. Non-material or immaterial wants: They are classified as services (intangible
goods); they cannot be seen and touched e.g. hairdressing service, transport service,
banking service, medical service, electrical service, mechanical service, legal service
etc.
Types/stages of production
There are three types/stages of production, namely;
a. Primary production (First stage).
b. Secondary production (Second stage).
c. Tertiary production (Third stage).
Primary production: This can be defined as the first stage of production which deals
with the extraction of raw materials from their natural source. Primary production
involves those in the extraction industry e.g. hunting, farming, fishing, mining etc.
Secondary production: This can be defined as the second stage of production which
deals with the manufacturing and construction of raw materials into finished or
semi-finished goods. Secondary production involves those in the manufacturing and
construction industry e.g. Food processing, textile making, construction of bridges,
roads and machines etc.
Tertiary production: This can be defined as the third stage of production which deals
with the commercial activities that make it possible for goods to reach the final
consumer. Tertiary productioninvolves those both in professional and commercial
services e.g. trade and aids to trade.
ASSIGNMENT:
1. What is Production?
2. What are the stages of Production?
3. List five companies in the manufacturing industry and the names of the products
they produce.
4. List five companies in the construction industry
5. Mention two examples each of tangible and intangible goods.
6. Define environmental pollution.
7. List two types of pollution from the extractive industry and from manufacturing
industry.
8. Refer to: Macmillan Business book 1. Page 33, Exercise 8.7, Objective questions
no 1-5.