7

Arts
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Arts and Crafts of Luzon
Attires, Fabrics, and Tapestries
Crafts and Accessories and Body
Ornamentation

CO_Q1_Arts7_ Module1
Arts – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Arts and Crafts of Luzon - Attires, Fabrics and Tapestries,
Crafts and Accessories and Body Ornamentations
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Richard B. Amores

Content Editor: Emmanuel C. Alveyra,
Language Editors: Cherrie Rose L. Desaliza, Gladys F. Cantos
Reviewers: Emmanuel C. Alveyra, Nikka G. Javarez, Norman G. Pereira, Orlando
P. Puno, Jumar.L. Nolasco, Nathaniel M. Badenas
Illustrator: Reymark L. Miraples, Louie J. Cortez, Richard Amores,
Pablo M. Nizal, Jr., Jan Christian D. Cabarrubias
Layout Artist: Reymark L. Miraples, Jhunness Bhaby A. Villalobos,
Ransel E. Burgos
Management Team: Benjamin D. Paragas, Mariflor B. Musa, Melbert S. Broqueza, Freddie
Rey R. Ramirez, Danilo C. Padilla, Annabelle M. Marmol, Florina L.
Madrid, Norman F. Magsino, Dennis A. Bermoy, Emmanuel C. Alveyra

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Office Address: Meralco Avenue corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City
Telephone Number: (02) 6314070
E-mail Address: mimaropa.region@deped.gov.ph
 7
Arts
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Arts and Crafts of Luzon
Attires, Fabrics, and Tapestries
Crafts and Accessories and Body
Ornamentation
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) has been prepared for you so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

This SLM is composed of different parts. Each part will guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

In this SLM, a pretest is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the

lessons in it. The result of it will tell you if you need to proceed on completing the
activities in it or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for
better understanding of the lessons in it. At the end of this SLM, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity
and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

Please use this SLM with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
activities in it, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

i
 What I Need to Know

Arts and crafts help us recognize the distinctiveness of a certain culture.

They show the kind of living, the resources available in a particular region, the
beliefs and traditions and the artistry and imaginative minds of the people in
different places.

This module will aid you to discover the characteristics of arts and crafts in
specific areas of Luzon – attire, fabric, tapestries, crafts, and body ornamentation.
Let this module bring you to the world of arts and crafts in Luzon highlands and
lowlands.

Philippines is a rich country in terms of arts which shows the culture and
tradition of different regions. Through arts and crafts, folks from different localities
are able to show their feelings, skills, beliefs, and ways of living.

Learning Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. recognize attire, fabrics and tapestries, crafts and accessories, and body
ornamentation in highlands and lowlands of Luzon;
2. determine characteristics of attire, fabrics and tapestries, crafts and
accessories, and body ornamentation in highlands and lowlands of Luzon;
and
3. appreciate the importance of the characteristics of attire, fabrics and
tapestries, crafts and accessories and body ornamentation in relation to
highlands and lowlands of Luzon’s culture.

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the best possible answer. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.

1. A dizzying weaving design of Ilocanos that represents the waves of the sea.
A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Binakol
D. Inabel

2. A hand weaving technique of the Ilocanos that is produced using traditional

wooden looms.
A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Ikat
D. Inabel
3. The Southern Kalinga women’s wrap-around skirt or tapis.
A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Binakol
D. Inabel
4. A burial cloth woven by female elders of Mountain Province.
A. Kadangyan
B. Wanes
C. Bakwat
D. Calado
5. A clothing made by Gaddangs of Nueva Vizcaya used by mothers after giving
birth.
A. Kadangyan
B. Wanes
C. Bakwat
D. Calado
6. A belt with designs composed of continuous zigzag patterns woven in double
faced with braided warps that end as tassels.
A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Ikat
D. Inabel

2 CO_Q1_Arts7_
7. It has designs that are inspired by natural elements, patterns that depict
different landforms, and the colors of nature and animals.
A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Ikat
D. Inabel

8. The word used by Ilocanos which literally means “woven” is .

A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Ikat
D. inabel

9. It is a handwoven fabric made by Ilocanos which is more popularly known as

“Abel Iloco”.
A. Kain
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Ikat
D. Inabel

10. A Bontoc’s fabric used as wanes, lufid and ginaspala wanes.

A. Kain
B. Siniwsiwan
C. Ikat
D. Inabel

11. This ethnic group has textiles worn only during special occasions such as
birth giving, weddings, and harvesting.
A. Tigguians
B. Kalingas
C. Bontoks
D. Gaddangs

12. An embroidered formal men's wear in the Philippines and the most versatile
apparel on special occasions like weddings and formal affairs.
A. Burda
B. Barong
C. Burdados
D. Gaddangs

13. An earthenware jar crafted by skillful potters with the use of potter’s wheel
and kiln.
A. Labba
B. Buri
C. Burnay
D. Lingling

14. A bowl-shaped coil basket of Kalinga made from finely split rattan and nito
vine used for carrying and storing rice or vegetables.
A. Labba
B. Buri
C. Burnay
D. Lingling

3 CO_Q1_Arts7_
15. A common ancient artifact symbolizing fertility, prosperity and love found in
the Ifugao, Bontoc and other Cordillera regions of the Northern Philippines.
A. Labba
B. Buri
C. Burnay
D. Lingling

16. A traditional Filipino leaf-shaped wafer made from glutinous rice.

A. Vakul
B. Vest
C. Kiping
D. Pastillas wrapper

17. It is locally known as “pabalat or borlas de pastillas”.

A. Vakul
B. Vest
C. Kiping
D. Pastillas wrapper

18. The art of creating an entrance arch and other decorative materials mainly
from bamboo.
A. Singkaban
B. Vakul
C. Kiping
D. Vest

19. A headgear used by Ivatan women of Batanes to protect them from the heat
of the sun and rains.
A. Singkaban
B. Vakul
C. Kiping
D. Vest

20. It worn by Ivatan men farmers that are made from the leaves of vuyavuy, a
tree endemic to Batanes.
A. Singkaban
B. Vakul
C. Kiping
D. Vest

4 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 Lesson
Arts and Crafts of Luzon
1 Attires, Fabrics, and Tapestries
Crafts and Accessories and Body Ornamentation

Learning Competencies
The learner identifies characteristics of arts and crafts in specific areas in
Luzon (e.g., papier-mâ ché [taka] from Paete, Ifugao wood sculptures [bul’ul],
Cordillera jewelry and pottery, tattoo, and Ilocos weaving and pottery [burnay],
etc.) (A7EL-Ia-2)

What’s New

Activity 1: “KAMEHAMEHA”
Welcome to the world of cartoons and anime!
Directions: The following are cartoon characters appeared on television. Identify
each cartoon character whether it is Japanese Anime or American Cartoons. Write
your answers in your activity notebook.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

5 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 1. Based on visual appearances, which picture is closer to reality, American
cartoons or Japanese Anime? Why?

2. Which of them offers greater detail of face structure, body, dressing, etc.? Can
you cite some differences in their style?

3. Which uses a wide range of color variants and shades? Explain briefly.

Now, you know the differences between Japanese anime and American
cartoons. You can easily distinguish every cartoon character whether it is American
or Japanese anime by simply analyzing its characteristics (style, technique,
materials used or medium, and subject). In connection with our topic, we also need
to identify the characteristics of arts and crafts of Luzon (highlands and lowlands)
to recognize their aesthetic and unique qualities, the real talents of the artists, and
the importance of their masterpieces in the community.

Relative to this, here are illustrations of textiles in Luzon that show different
designs.

Activity 1.2
Can you identify the similarities and differences of the textiles?

Figure A Figure B

6 CO_Q1_Arts7_
Directions: Try to list down all the similarities and differences you can notice from
the two pictures of textiles and write your answers on your notebook.


SIMILARITIES 



DIFFERENCES 


The next part of this module will give you an explanation and
of the arts andescription d crafts of highlands and lowlands of Luzon. You need
study the ch to read and aracteristics of these arts and crafts in order for you to
What is It
this artistic vappreciate alue and culture. As you continue your journey, you
this knowledg will be needing e in order for you to create your own arts and
crafts.

What is It

Let’s weave your knowledge!

After comparing the two different textiles, you will be able to know the different
attires of specific areas, the materials, functions and use and even the meaning of
the designs and patterns.

TEXTILE (Attire, Fabrics and Tapestries)

Inabel is a handwoven fabric made by

Ilocanos which is more popularly known as
“Abel Iloco”. It comes from the root word “abel”
which means “to weave”. The word Inabel of
Ilocanos literally means “woven”. It is created by
skilled artisans using traditional wooden looms.
It comes with different patterns inspired by
nature. One of the most recognizable patterns
of Inabel is Binakol (also known as binakel,
Inabel binakael, or binakul).

7 CO_Q1_Arts7_
Binakol (meaning “twill”) can be easily recognized by its interlocked geometric
patterns which represent the waves of the sea that protects people from malevolent
spirits.

Kain is the basic dress for women of Cordillera region.

It is a type of wrap-around skirt (tapis in Tagalog)
characterized by horizontal stripes bordered by decorated
panels along the joins and edges, uses bright colors
especially fiery red and embroidered with beads and shells.
Some kain used other colors like red, yellow, white, black
and green which signify the color of things in nature.

Kain

Kadangyan is a burial cloth for the rich people

of Mountain Province. It is a Cordilleran term which
literally means “rich”. In earlier days, only the
grandmothers were allowed to weave burial clothes
(Kadangyan) but now, any able weaver is allowed to
weave burial cloths for the dead.

Kadangyan

The handwoven fabrics of Bontoc are characterized by

different geometric shapes and different shapes of things
from nature. Siniwsiwan is the Bontoc’s blanket and clothing
wanes and lufid and ginaspala wanes.

Bontoc’s Fabric

8 CO_Q1_Arts7_
Wanes and Lufid

Wanes and Lufid are costumes of Igorots from the

Mountain Province. Wanes is a long strip of handwoven
loincloth (bahag) for men and Lufid is a wrap-around skirt
(tapis) for women.
These clothes mirror the personality of every Igorot and
reflect their culture and traditions (ex: religious practices and
rituals).
Wanes

Ginaspala Wanes is a belt worn by a married women of

Bontoc and Kankana-y that has Inawin designs composed of
continuous zigzag pattern.

Lupid

Bakwat is a belt used by mothers after giving

birth. It is designed with white beads as accents and
patterns of rivers and mountains with bead works on the
central portion of the cloth. It is made by Gaddang
weavers of Nueva Vizcaya.
Bakwat

Tingguian Designs

Tingguian designs are very meaningful for the

people of Abra. Their clothing has a simple linear
design but are assigned with many meanings. Some of
their textiles are reserved for use only during special
occasions such as birthgiving, weddings, and
harvesting. They use natural dyes from different trees
and plants (mahogany-red, jackfruit/ginger – yellow,
narra - brown, malatayum-indigo).

9 CO_Q1_Arts7_
Batangas Embroidery

Piňa and jusi are the traditional fabrics in Batangas.

In Taal, hand embroideries are characterized by a smooth
stitch, fine, composed of fine delicate shapes, embossed,
and durable. Barong is an embroidered formal men's wear
in the Philippines and it is the most versatile apparel on
special occasions like weddings and formal affairs.

CRAFTS

Burnay (locally known as tapayan or banga) is an

earthenware jar crafted by a skillful potter with the use
of potter’s wheel and kiln. It is made by a grade-A clay
and fine sand. Burnay is commonly used for storage of
water, grains, fermented fish (bagoong), basi (sugarcane
wine), salt, and other condiments. Burnay has small
openings while those with bigger mouths are called
wangging.
Burnay

Buri mat is the smoothy woven mat from Bolinao

that is made of dried leaves of palm (buri, raffia, and
buntal), dyed and woven.

Buri Mat

Labba is a bowl-shaped coil basket of Kalinga

that is made from finely split rattan and nito vine. It is
used for carrying and storing rice or vegetables.

Labba

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 The lingling-o or dinumug is a common
ancient artifact symbolizing fertility, prosperity
and love found in the Ifugao, Bontoc and other
Cordillera regions of the northern Philippines. It
has a negative space formed that be considered
the internal female reproductive system— the
womb and the birth canal. This fertility symbol
captured the feminine essence that nurtures life
Lingling
within itself and gives birth to it.

Vakul headdress is the headgear for

Ivatan women of Batanes that is used to protect
them from the heat of the sun and rains.

Vakul

Vests are worn by Ivatan men farmers.

Vakul and vest are made from the leaves of
vuyavuy, a tree endemic to Batanes.

Vest

Singkaban of Bulacan is the art of

creating an entrance arch and other
decorative materials mainly from bamboo.

Singkaban

Pastillas of Bulacan is different from

other pastillas in the country. It has a
unique, colorful, and intricately designed
paper wrapper which is locally known as
“pabalat or borlas de pastillas”.

Pastillas Wrappers

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
Other Bulacan arts and crafts include firecrackers, and goldsmith.

Kiping is a traditional Filipino leaf-shaped wafer

made from glutinous rice. It originated from the City of
Lucban, Quezon. It is used to decorate houses during the
Pahiyas Festival. It can be eaten grilled or fried and can be
dipped in sugar, vinegar, or other sauce.

Kiping

The Bicol Region is abundant not only in natural

fibers of abaca and raffia but also in their own arts and
crafts including baskets, bags, slippers, coin purses and
other crafts. Their crafts designs are simple but colorful.

Giant lanterns of Pampanga are known for

their special features. Before, giant lanterns of
Pampanga used papel de hapon for coverings but
were then innovated by using colored plastics as a
material for covering. In today’s ages,
Pampangenos use fiber glass and homemade paper
for their lanters. Every lantern has illuminated
dancing lights that follow the beat of the music and
are controlled by a rotor. Lanterns also come in
different designs and geometric patterns. On the
Giant Lantern other hands, giant lanterns are created using steel
frames and other locally available materials.

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 ACCESSORIES AND BODY ORNAMENTATION

Kalinga's tattooing is a form of art

that is usually covering the chest and
arms. It is considered as a clothing and
decorations of the Kalingas. Batok is a
thousand–year tattooing tradition that
uses indigenous materials like a charcoal
mixed with water in a coconut shell, a
thorn of a citrus tree as a needle, a
bamboo thorn holder, and a bamboo used
Batok
to tap it.

In Mountain Province, the close

examination of the Kabayan mummies
reveal that they have body tattoos similar to
patterns found in their textiles.

Kabayan Mummies

What’s More

As a Filipino, it is good for us to know what arts and crafts are famous in a
particular place.
Directions: Match the descriptions in column A that correspond to the
pictogram in column B. Write the letter of your answer on the box before the number.

Column A Column B
1. Ilocano’s handwoven fabric which
comes from the root word “abel”
meaning “to weave” and inabel A.
literally means “woven”.

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
2. A Kalinga women clothing, which is
wrap around skirt known as tapis in
Tagalog. It is characterized by B.
horizontal stripes bordered by
decorated panels along the joins and
edges.
3. A belt used by the mothers after
giving birth made by Gaddang
weavers of Nueva Vizcaya. C.

4. Unglazed earthern jars with small

openings used for storage of water,
rice grains, salt, brown sugar, local D.
wine (basi) and bogoong (fermented
fish).
5. A smoothy woven mat from
Bolinao, Pangasinan made from
buri or raffia leaves.
E.

6. A head gear used by the Ivatan

women of Batanes to protect them
from the heat of the sun and rain.
F.

7. A colorful sheets of thin rice wafers

used to decorate houses in Lucban,
Quezon during Pahiyas Festival.
G.

8. Another form of art that is usually

covering the chest and arms and it is
considered as a clothing and
decorations of the Kalingas H.

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 9. It has dancing lights controlled by a
rotor inside it and has different
I.
designs using geometric patterns.

10.I t is a symbol of fertility, prosperity,

and love of Ifugao.
J.

Activity 2.1: Compare and Contrast

Can you identify the similarities and differences of the textile of Ilocos from
the textile of Cordillera Province? How about the textile of Cagayan Valley from the
textile of Mountain Province?

Directions: Compare and contrast the types of textile according to their

patterns, designs, colors, and material used.

Textile of Ilocos Textile of Cordillera Province

Textile of Ilocos and Textile of Cordillera

Textile of Ilocos
Cordillera Province Province
(Differences)
(Commonalities) (Differences)

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 Textile of Cagayan Valley Textile of Mountain Province

Textile of Cagayan Valley Textile of Mountain

Textile of Cagayan Valley
and Mountain Province Province
(Differences)
(Commonalities) (Differences)

1. How did the Filipino artists express their artistic ideas in textiles?
2. In general, how can you describe their attire, fabrics, and tapestries?

Now that you have learned the different textiles, fabrics, tapestries, crafts,
accessories, and body ornamentations from different places of Luzon, you may now
answer the following questions:

1. What did you discover about the different arts and crafts of Luzon?
2. How unique are the characteristics of attire, fabrics and tapestries, crafts and
accessories and body ornamentation of highlands and lowlands of Luzon?
3. How important are the different types of attire, fabrics and tapestries, crafts
and accessories and body ornamentation as part of our culture?

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 What I Have Learned

Directions:. After learning all the different attires, fabrics, and tapestries,
accessories, and body ornamentation of highland and lowland Luzon, express the
importance of this lesson. Write your thoughts in your notebook.

My Reflections

What I Can Do

Procedures:
1. Identify at least one local art in your area (an attire, fabric, tapestries, crafts,
accessories, or body ornamentations)
2. Make a sketch of its design which symbolize the tradition and function of
art in your community/place.
3. Write a five-sentence description about your artwork.
4. Take a photo of your artwork and submit it to your facilitator through
messenger, e-mail, or other media platforms.
CRITERIA 10 POINTS 8 POINTS 6 POINTS 4 POINTS
Creativity The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork
shows creativity shows shows shows
with the creativity, creativity, creativity,
following however only 2 however only 1 however the
characteristics: characteristics characteristic said artwork
a. Artworks were achieved was achieved does not met
contain an the prescribed
original characteristics
design.

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 b. Designs
should not
be copied
from other
learning
resources.
c. The artwork
shows
tradition and
functionality.

Attractiveness/ The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork

Craftsmanship exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited
attractiveness attractiveness attractiveness attractiveness
and and and and craftsman
craftsmanship craftsmanship, craftsmanship, ship, however,
with the however, only however, only no
following 2 1 characteristic characteristic
characteristics: characteristics was met was met
a. neatness were met
b. look carefully
planned
c. the design
obtained
high level of
difficulty and
complexity

Timeliness The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork

was submitted was submitted was submitted was submitted
on the set one day two days three days
schedule beyond the set beyond the set beyond the set
schedule schedule schedule

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the best possible answer. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.

1. A dizzying weaving design of Ilocanos that represents the waves of the sea.
A. Binakol
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Inabel
D. Kain

2. A hand weaving technique of the Ilocanos that is produced using traditional

wooden looms.
A. Ginaspalawanes
B. Ikat
C. Inabel
D. Kain

3. The Southern Kalinga women’s wrap-around skirt or tapis.

A. Binakol
B. Ginaspalawanes
C. Inabel
D. Kain

4. A burial cloth woven by female elders of Mountain Province.

A. Bakwat
B. Calado
C. Kadangyan
D. Wanes

5. A clothing made by Gaddangs of Nueva Vizcaya used by mothers after giving

birth.
A. Bakwat
B. Calado
C. Kadangyan
D. Wanes

6. A belt with designs composed of continuous zigzag patterns woven in double

faced with braided warps that end as tassels.
A. Ginaspalwanes
B. Ikat
C. Inabel
D. Kain

1 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 7. It has designs that are inspired by natural elements, patterns that depict
different landforms, and the colors of nature and animals.
A. Ginaspalawenas
B. Ikat
C. Inabel
D. Kain

8. The word used by Ilocanos which literally means “woven” is .

A. Ginaspalawenas
B. Ikat
C. Inabel
D. Kain

9. It is a handwoven fabric made by Ilocanos which is more popularly known as

“Abel Iloco”.
A. Ginaspalawenas
B. Ikat
C. Inabel
D. Kain
10. The Bontoc’s fabric used as wanes, lufid and ginaspala wanes
A. Ikat
B. Inabel
C. Kain
D. Siniwsiwan

11. This ethnic group has textiles worn only during special occasions such as
birth giving, weddings, and harvesting.
A. Bontoks
B. Gaddangs
C. Kalingas
D. Tigguians

12. An embroidered formal men's wear in the Philippines and the most versatile
apparel on special occasions like weddings and formal affairs.
A. Barong
B. Burda
C. Burdados
D. Gaddangs

13. This is an earthenware jar crafted by skillful potters with the use of potter’s
wheel and kiln.
A. Buri
B. Burnay
C. Labba
D. Lingling

14. A bowl-shaped coil basket of Kalinga made from finely split rattan and nito
vine used for carrying and storing rice or vegetables.
A. Buri
B. Burnay
C. Labba
D. Lingling

2 CO_Q1_Arts7_
15. A common ancient artifact symbolizing fertility, prosperity and love found in
the Ifugao, Bontoc and other Cordillera regions of the Northern Philippines.
A. Buri
B. Burnay
C. Labba
D. Lingling

16. A Filipino leaf-shaped wafer made from glutinous rice.

A. Kiping
B. Pastillas wrapper
C. Vakul
D. Vest

17. It is locally known as “pabalat or borlas de pastillas”.

A. Kiping
B. Pastillas wrapper
C. Vakul
D. Vest

18. The art of creating an entrance arch and other decorative materials mainly
from bamboo.
A. Kiping
B. Singkaban
C. Vakul
D. Vest

19. A headgear used by Ivatan women of Batanes to protect them from the heat
of the sun and rains.
A. Kiping
B. Singkaban
C. Vakul
D. Vest

20. It worn by Ivatan men farmers that are made from the leaves of vuyavuy, a
tree endemic to Batanes.
A. Kiping
B. Singkaban
C. Vakul
D. Vest

2 CO_Q1_Arts7_
 Additional Activities

Stairway to Learning
Directions: Take a few moments to climb this flight of stairs in order for you to get
to the stairway of learning. All you have to do is to gather your learning experiences
together and fill in the staircases with the key concepts you learned in the previous
sections of this module, arranged from simple to complex.

2 CO_Q1_Arts7_
Answer Key

2 CO_Q1_Arts7_
References
Siobal, Lourdes R., Ma. Honeylet A. Capulong, Ledda G. Rosenberger, Jeff Foreene
M. Santos, Jenny C. Mendoza, Cherry Joy P. Samoy, Rabboni C. Roxas, and
Johanna Samantha T. Aldeguer-Roxas. 2017. "Music and Arts Learner's
Material." In Music and Arts Learner's Material, by Lourdes R. Siobal, 43.
Pasig City. Department of Education.

Jaime, Rommel. Singkaban Festival: A Showcase of Bulacan Culture and Artistry.

Choose Philippines.c2020. ABS-CBN Corporation. Quezon City, Philippines.
Accessed May 27, 2020.
https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/festivals/1038/Singkaban-Bulacan

Omehra. Fertility Symbols, Feminine Principle and BA. Center for Babaylan
Studies.c2018. Center for Babaylan Studies. Manila, Philippines. Accessed
August 21, 2019. http://www.babaylan.net/wordpress/baybayin-and-
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