Sci.Int.

(Lahore),28(4),3707-3712,,2016 ISSN 1013-5316;CODEN: SINTE 8 3707

SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN:

A POINT OF VIEW
Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi*1, and Mazhar Hussain Baloch**,
*1Dept. of Electrical Engineering, QUEST Nawab Shah, Sindh Pakistan
**Dept. of Electrical Engineering, IUB, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
*Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Mehran UET Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
*1
Corresponding author: Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi (email: sarwar.kaloi59@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT- This research paper illustrates the ideas for the implementation of the smart grid technology in Pakistan along
with all sectors getting some distribution, transmission or substation design, and analysis. Upon execution of our natural
resources and using technology to such an extent can remove the load shedding. Smart grid technology is overthrowing the
whole grid of electric power systems that convert digital installation that changes. Power transmission has become a smart,
helpful and efficient and the generator of eco-friendly consumers. The system runs the entire comprehensive electronic specific
statute using a range of sources to generate, and the dispatch of electricity through distribution units that connect via a
wireless system.

Keywords- AMI (Advance metering infrastructure), cyber security, demand response, distribution automation, reliability
and smart system.
1. INTRODUCTION load shedding. For adequate prevention of occurrence of
Smart grid is the communications architecture and integration blackouts, it is extremely important to improve the existing
through a multi-part of electric power generation, power network. Smart grid is the only solution to this entire
transmission, distribution and use of the intellectual problem. The existing grid system could be improved with
mechanism. Sensors are used to provide a real-time status of the help of a smart grid, which reduces the losses and
the electrical system that provides an intelligent support to a increases the effectiveness of the electric grid. In 2005 for the
power flow network in two-way communications. Smart first time, the practical example of the smart grid has been
grids can be utilized to the reduction of losses in the introduced [2]. Red efficient smart grid nominee system is
transmission and distribution. By helping to change the flow achieving many refunds as energy conservation, continuous
of power and meeting the peak demand, smart grids optimize supply, the nonstop source of electricity, by reduction of
the use of existing infrastructure. Into the grid, smart grids maximum demands and to manage the load etc. At present,
can also help for the accommodation of significant volumes the deep-rooted electrical power grid is 33 percent effective
of renewable and decentralized energy (see [1]). Smart grids and smart grid is 60 percent efficient [3]. .Conventional
can be employed to increase the efficiency of energy by the installed energy production does not fulfil the energy
management of spending patterns of users whom are new and requirement of the country, so Pakistan is also exploring into
existing and also connected to the grid. Which are energy the renewable energy sector; future use of renewable energy,
security, affordable energy, and climate change mitigation, becoming an important asset for an effective network is a
smart grids are very necessary the utilities, their suppliers, milestone, conservation, planning of large-scale renewable
and their consumers get recommendations and predictive energy systems; smart grid would be difficult without
information by the smart grid. The power can be administered challenging (see [4]).
by its best way. On the limitations of network losses and New skills like smart electricity grid are also known as an
outages, the remote controllers based upon the computer and intelligent system because it can handle flexible alternating
the advanced sensors are used to achieve this task (see [2]). current for high voltage transmission line and wide area
By operation management and advanced intelligent systems monitoring. Some important parameters of smart grid
these devices (computer based remote controllers and intelligent systems are like self-remedial, compatibility; boot
advanced sensors) are attached to the integrated up, interface, assimilation, consistency, and finally sincerity.
communication network to be able to the participation of 2. LITERATURE
consumer and for the management of integration energy The supply of electrical power at maximum efficiency
resources which are distributed. The country's progressive remains the subject the greatest of the agreements predicted.
economic growth relies on the extensive power generation By transient at the time each method change in average shape
and management. Electricity demand in Pakistan like other to get high output, less loss at a minimum level of cost. Fig.1
developing countries of the world is increasing rapidly. shows in the history of power generation in Pakistan at the
Pakistan is suffering from the worst electricity shortages time of independence since 2014 [5,6].
since the preceding few years. Industrial and home customer In the last few years the progressive growth has shown in
need uninterrupted and cheap electrical energy. However, the installed capacity and power demand; however, there has
present situation does not allow providing a stable power always remained a shortfall in the total capability besides
supply. Pakistan is facing the shortage of energy production power generation and the power demand. There are five
due to less installed power capacity, power theft, and higher major sectors are involved in producing electric power in
transmission & distribution losses which the major cause of Pakistan.

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Fig.1 Installed power in MW.

 Water and power development authority. Fig.3 Contribution of energy sources for power
 Karachi electric supply company. generation.
 Pakistan atomic energy commission. using new technologies in fabrication by way of transition
 Independent power producers. through the smart grid technology.
By innovating new challenges and ideas we can fulfill the
 Pakistan electric power company.
demand of the country, but unfortunately due to some
The installed capacity of the major power condition involved
political issues and not enough resources for the advancement
in producing electric power as showed in Fig. 2 (See [7]).
of energy sector we are unable to avail the actual needs of
electricity. Solar, wind and biomass are some of the major
sources for the production of energy that we also have, for the
implementation of these sources into the smart grid system, a
large part of energy can be achieved. Forecasting gives the
maximum efficiency of prediction regarding renewable
energy sources. Demand management, energy storage, and
advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is the primary
sources of change in the smart grid system. Power can be
transmitted in real time to industrial and domestic consumers
by advanced metering infrastructure (communication
technology). When demand is weak, a heavy load is
operating in the control system by demand management. In
the future, if we apply a smart grid system, then our load can
be managed in an efficient way, results in less load shedding,
less overloading of the power plant and the best power flow
Fig. 2 Sector wise power generation in Pakistan. of the domestic and industrial consumers (see [8]), advanced
metering infrastructure (AMI) gives an efficient
Pakistan is well gifted with energy resources exhaustible communication between a load and monitoring system of the
renewable. Hydro, coal, oil, and natural gas are the energy smart grid.
sources of the four core businesses. Increase resources and 3. IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART GRID
growth in the power supply has not kept pace with growing 1.1 EFFECTS ON ECONOMY
demand, and therefore. Pakistan is still to face a serious Pakistan economy is strongly affected by the crisis of energy.
shortage of energy. This has led to increasing reliance on Electricity consumptions in different sectors are shown in
imports to meet the energy demand. The oil and gas are the Fig.4 [7,11,12,13]. The industrial sector is closed due to a
two major strategic parameters to contribute more than 79% shortage of electricity. Commercial activity is reduced
of the annual primary energy supplied in Pakistan. Fig. 3 because of communications and infrastructure shutout. As a
highlights the different energy resources to contribute to the result of price and crisis, the production and sale of electrical
primary energy supplied during the period of 1997-98, 2005- appliances have decreased. In order to avoid power plants
06 to 2010-2011 [9,10]. from overloading a source of power crisis as well as to take
Pakistan is blessed with a large quantity of renewable energy, full advantage of power generation, government authorities
but until now did not to develop this potential with the must ensure that all countries should reform their existing
exception of large hydropower schemes. According to the power stations. To prevent from overloading of power plants,
survey, only thirteen percent covered nonconventional energy periodically shut down one plant at a time of maintenance
of the whole power demand of Pakistan & can be raised by and overhauling.

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energy meters can be amended by replacing introducing the
use of smart meters.

5. PLANNING OF SMART GRID SYSTEM

Improve the weak areas of the power grid system replace the
smart grid. The concept of smart grid systems is outside the
system of the existing network. Currently, the smart grid has
been observed in most European countries as well as
American e [16]. They replace with a new one, which leads
to that at the current stage, which can greatly improve the
system through simple changes only. Pakistan has installed
the smart grid to reduce the losses. This current stage of their
resources to develop the system and nobody is willing to give
time requires a lot of progress in its effect at the beginning,
.
the public sector must start the spread of note for smart grids
Fig.4 Consumption of electricity by different sectors.
in financial circles, as well as various technical, so that they
Relax fees and taxes on energy to maintain electrical
can create an atmosphere of understanding of the smart grid.
appliances, such as energy saving lamps, lights, LED, and
In Pakistan, many experts are high, as well as the technique
solar energy and wind turbine devices [6].
does not even think the concept of the smart grid. In this
Economic transmission lines can replace the high voltage
regard, investors invest the money takes the interesting
transmission lines to reduce line losses. Twelve, 500 kV grid
stations covering 5077km transmission lines and twenty-nine development in the smart grid. Both are technically not even
are known the concept of the smart grid [17]. The second
220 kV grid stations covering 7359km transmission line in
problem encountered by many countries, including Pakistan,
Pakistan are operated and maintained by NTDC (National
which is one of the smart grid related policy making. The
transmission and dispatch company).
smart grid will help in the design and development of some
4. ELECTRIC POWER LOSSES
parameters or guidelines should be. In Pakistan, all
Electric power transmission and distribution losses to
government departments which are in charge of the electrical
consumers the source of supply and distribution point and
system of the smart grid concept to reality may apply and be
distribution to consumers (see [6]).
accepted by everyone; to develop such a policy should you
decide to collect data and expertise there. The third important
issue in the progress of intelligent, smart technology in
Pakistan is that no one is willing to invest his money as the
system is such a great loss in a large supply system. In such
cases, the investors should be provided with the financial
security by the local government. The next thing is that. The
Ministry of planning should have all the power in this matter,
and no authority should be given to any person or department
to intersect in their effort in any case. Some phases will
support in discovering ways to certainly implement smart
grid [18]. Also, we can be able to say that the planning
department has all the ability in this appreciation and no one
has authority to interrupt in their efforts. Inventive ladders
would assistance to discover their techniques and definitely,
the smart intelligent system would be implementing. The
fourth challenge is scheduled to begin to raise public
awareness as well as the private sector so that they can create
an atmosphere for the benefit of the development of the smart
Fig.5 Energy loss over the different years. grid. Management should take creativities to permute the
The transmission & distribution losses should not be more intelligent, smart grid scheme. In Pakistan and
than 5 per cent has frequently shown, can be done only with microelectronic media to increase awareness and promote
the connivance of the staff theft, as any loss of these interests are very important. Any project can do not succeed
standards should be treated because financial statements for without the support of the people and the private sector. So
DISCO’s operating under NEPRA (National Electric Power for the benefit of workshops and seminars should be
regulatory authority). The Pakistan government should take developed smart grid [19]. In Pakistan, there is nothing
serious steps in practice for the benefit of the economic practical about the smart grid so there is a lot of work to be
sectors. To turn the whole system in a smart time to prepare, done. Consideration should be paid to the security of the
and there is a need for investment and planning. Intelligent smart grid as a vital role in this issue [20]. The system is
terminals, the adapter is attached to a wireless connected to the smart grid through the whole
communication system power must be built [15]. Simple communication linkage so as to communicate in the double
way system can receive or transmit the data.
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Fig. 6 Block Diagram of Smart Transmission.

6. CYBER SECURITY actual smart grid stations. We can not only install modern
If we want to introduce “smart grid” then its solution applies technologies, but also introduce beneficial automatic
such that cyber security and power system communication operations. Evolutionary changes are required when smart
systems should be dealt at a large level. For the proper meters deal with increasing energy costs, regulatory policies,
transmission of electricity, it is essential for these parts to join energy efficiencies, homeland security and large
together, where there is complexity about the basic physical environmental awareness reject manual and automated meter
and organizational structure. reading processes and accepts advanced metering
The basic reason for writing this paper is that here the infrastructure. AMI also produces a protected network
characteristics’ of cyber security and the combination of PCS between advanced meters and appliance business system.
with one another has been stressed and where the structure of Firstly, a smart meter, with other utilities is utilized to collect
information is very complex physically. There is also given and distribute information and provide it to users and
the history of growth perspective, which is utilized to explain competitive retail suppliers.
the realities of using today the PCS system, which is used to 8. DEMAND AND LOAD BALANCING
contain the structure which is vulnerable to some extent. In With the gesture of modern infrastructure of metering, the
the field of power communication system, the work which concept of smart grid has been started, which is used to make
has been stated in this paper is actually based on many years better the demand side management, the efficiency of energy
and developed by the working group effort of CIGRE. In and the self-healing electric grid, so that it is used to improve
addition to this when the “smart grid” term and these the reliability of supply and natural disasters or malicious
developments will introduce and accelerate then the issues of sabotage response. Whatever the way the expansion of
cyber security will become very important. It’s very clear for initially perceived scope of smart grids has been led by
using smart meters and wind power introduction which are several developments and the new face of the industry of
used to form a “smart grid system. electricity has been also shaped by these several
7. SMART METERS developments. These developments are consisting of the
Smart meters enable appliances to do work with their users to force on the protection of the environment which also
minimize the peak loads in duration when electricity supply includes renewable energy (solar, the wind, etc.). They also
is less and bills are high or when the system is not trust- consist of demand response (DR); the drive for beneficial
worthy by using the modern data collection and demand asset utilization which includes the operating closer to “knee
response capabilities. The need to minimize peak loads by of the curve” whiles the system operation is maintained
using controlling loads, requirements and time-based rates reliably. They also consist of the need for the choice of
strengthens the users to choose about energy consumption, enhancing customer. This schematic figure shows the factors,
increases system reliability and can also decrease high prices which are related to the paradigm of modern emerging smart
and environmental issues linked to growing population and grids and the place of the DR and generally distributed
energy delivery effects to compensate growing energy energy resources (DER) are also illustrated in this diagram
demand. Electric grids present today are not able to fulfill distributed generation; demand response and distributed
energy demands. Depending on the utilities present and how energy storage are essential components emerging smart grid
they can be predicted in the future, the Smart grid is the only concepts. For simplicity, we call these resources as
way their survival. The acceptance of smart meters is distributed energy resources. Most of the DER involved in
compulsory and cannot be ignored because it is the smart grids are focused on the distribution level .These
fundamental component of grid stations. The use of smart resources are very important for suitable and management
meters changes the average pattern of appliances by inserting operation of the wholesale business and transmission system.

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Actually, sometimes these operations are termed as arbitrary support, inherited devices may be normally defined as
power plants. security susceptibilities into the system.
9. PROTOCOL INTERFACE FOR SMART 10. POWER ELECTRONICS FOR SMART GRID
METERING In smart grids, the electronic power devices are used and they
In order to perform any function, smart grids depend on need to have a function which is able of making changes in
communication among its different parts. There are distinct voltage and frequency and it also requires a function with a
demands of communication for every component. The power system for interconnection to be safe. The demands
communication requirements have a collection of security and physical trends of modern electronic devices are
demands and their limit from lower latency to higher data. described in this paragraph.
The smart grid will require many communication protocols to A short time ago, it had been possible to make the products of
compensate for the changing connection demands. The electronic power on a large scale and so there is an expansion
security of smart grid communications is essential due to the of suitably applied range of electronic technology of power.
reason that the network communication is the fundamental In addition to this, in the distribution of energy, it is to apply
support of smart grids. A large number of smart grids cannot the complex control and so for the public infrastructure; it is
function without communication. The security is important used to enable very efficient utilization. For the system to
because it tells which component of is communicating and function more efficiently it is necessary to optimize system
what data is shared. This is a security challenge because information, power generation, distribution and its
different types of components are contacting their own set of consumption in the sensors and smart meters monitor. The
communication demands. Another matter is to complete tool examples, including the power generation and
smart grid technology with inherited power systems and distribution, can be used in smart grids for power
many other critical constraints. Owing to failing of security rechargeable technology.
11. BENEFITS OF SMART GRIDS
The smart grid technology is beneficial and effective in all parts of the electrical system [21].
Technical Situation in Pakistan Benefits of Smart Grid IF Implemented in Pakistan
The power generation in Pakistan is centered. Power generation will be stationed and distributed smart grid
technology can recover the fault automatically.
If there is a fault in Transmission and It can reduce additional transmission lines atomized and processing
distribution system can cause automatically, in real-time Information from the sensors and meters for fault
identified but it can't Recover automatically. location, automatic reconfiguration of feeders, voltage, and reactive
power optimization.
The distribution system is not atomized. No The smart, intelligent grid system can decrease the (Q) reactive
modern technology to cut transmission loss. power & real power will increase finally narrow the transmission
losses.
One of the main reasons for load Shedding is Smart Grid and digital radio needed in order to control the
attributable to the sufficiency of the circuit distribution network wirelessly. According to this area of the system
breakers and distribution network in this radio is divided into 2 very small and if something goes wrong, then the
is not automatic breakers controlled. whole region will be a victim.
More than a meter is the electromechanical Globally all energy, electric meters are the digital meters. It can
system and the security of these matters is very detect non-working electric meters and by passing energy meters.
unproductive and the poor.
Only you can integrate distributed resources These con-conventional sources can be integrated and disseminated.
electromechanical system and the security of To detect non-payment of this invoice, you can eliminate billing
these matters is very unproductive and the poor errors, remotely disconnect for non-paying consumer and reconnect
only you can integrate distributed resources. after payment.
Billing issue is a major problem. Meter readers
concerned about the collection, but consumers
are not so worried about the abuse and
corruption.

12. CONCLUSION grid system. This new implemented electrical system is very
A smart system implemented in developed countries since it easy to keep and operate from theft control and two-way
was introduced this technology. Mostly investment and messages. Consequently, it will take less quantity of
technical research in the power sector in Pakistan as resources for the operation of the whole system of the country;
compared to developed and. They invest lots of money in an it will be run the project to save the energy and money, as
energy sector. The energy sector was 22 billion dollars well as power. Finals will come to a generation of smart,
invested European Union (EU), and yearly exceeding the transmission and distribution, use and optimized to a great
revenues 112 billion dollars. GDP of EU about 1.5%.The extent.
great importance of investment in the smart grid, because the
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