MODIFIED School: Col.

Ruperto Abellon National School Grade Level: 11

LESSON Teacher: Dharyl G. Ballarta Learning Area: Statistics and Probability
PLAN Teaching Date
Quarter: 3rd
and Time:

A. Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of normal probability distribution.

The learner is able to accurately formulate and solve real-life problems in different disciplines involving
B. Performance Standard normal distribution.
The learners should be able to:
1. identifies regions under the normal curve M11/12SP-IIIc-3
2. converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa.
C. Learning Competencies M11/12SP-IIIc-4
3. computes probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table. M11/12SP-IIIc-d-1

Statistics and Probability

I. CONTENT Lesson 2: The Standard Normal Distribution
II. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References

1.Teacher’s Guide pages Statistics and Probability Book pp. 74 - 98

2.Learners’ Materials Statistics and Probability Module (The Standard Normal Distribution)

3. Textbook Pages Statistics and Probability Book pp. 74 - 98

4. Additional Materials from
LR
B. Other Learning Resources
III. PROCEDURES
Preliminary Activities Reminders, Prayer, Checking of Attendance

A. Reviewing Previous
Lesson or Presenting the Teacher will review the students the properties and area under the normal curve.
new lesson

The standard normal distribution, which is denoted by Z, is also a normal distribution having a mean of 0
and a standard deviation of 1.
Since the normal distribution can have different values for its mean and standard deviation, it can be
standardized by setting the μ = 0 and the = 1.

Direction: On your answer sheets, write the area corresponding to the shaded part of the normal curve.

B. Establishing a purpose
for the lesson

C. Presenting examples/ Present the objectives

instances of the new At the end of the session, the learners should be able to:
lesson 1. identifies regions under the normal curve
2. converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa.
3. computes probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table.

with 80% level of attainment.

Directions: Observe the illustrations then answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
 Guide Questions:
1. What is the mean?
Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

2. What is the standard deviation?

Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

3. What is the area of the shaded region?

Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

4. What did you do to identify the area of the shaded region?

Figure A: _______________________ Figure B: ______________________

5. Did you use the same method? ________________________

D. Discussing new As mentioned earlier, normal variable is standardized by setting the mean to 0 and standard deviation to
concepts and practicing 1. This is for the purpose of simplifying the process in approximating areas for normal curves. As shown
new skills below is the formula used to manually compute the approximate area.

However, this formula is seldom used because a table was created to summarize the approximate areas
under the standard normal curve and to further simplify the process. This table of probabilities is known
as the z- table.

The Z – Table

Let us get a closer look at the z-table. The outermost column and row represent the z-values. The first
two digits of the z-value are found in the leftmost column and the last digit (hundredth place) is found on
the first row.

Suppose the z-score is equal to 1.85, locate the first two digits 1.8 in the leftmost column and the last
digit, .05, can be located at the first row. Then find their intersection which gives the corresponding area.
Therefore, given z = 1.85, the area is equal to 0.9678.

Other examples are as follow:

1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 2.67 Answer: 0.9962

2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.29 Answer: 0.9015

3. Find the area that corresponds to z = 3 Answer: 0.9987

4. Find the area that corresponds to z = - 0.64 Answer: 0.2611

5. Find the area that corresponds to z = - 2.33 Answer: 0.0099

Note: The z-table used is the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the Standard Normal Curve.
Refer to the attachment on pages 19 and 20.

Now that you already know how to use the z-table to find the corresponding area for the z-score, let us
identify the regions under the nomal curve that corresponds to different standard normal values. In order
to find the regions, a probability notation is used.

The probability notation P(a < Z < b) indicates that the z-value is between a and b, P(Z > a) means z-
value is above a and P(Z < a) means z-value is below a. It would not matter whether we are considering
P(Z < a) or P(Z ≤ a) or P(Z > a) or P(Z ≥ a). To illustrate, let us consider these examples:

(1.) Find the proportion of the area between z = -1.25 and 2.19, this can be
expressed as P(-1.25 < Z < 2.19), read as the probability that Z is greater than -1.25 but less than 2.19.

Solution:
STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - scores and shade.

STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the z - scores in the z-table.

z = -1.25 has a corresponding area of 0.1056
z = 2.19 has a corresponding area of 0.9857

STEP 3: If you are looking for the area between two z - scores, simply subtract the corresponding areas
to arrive at the answer. Therefore, 0.9857 - 0.1056 = 0.8801 and the P(-1.25 < Z < 2.19) = 0.8801 or
88.01%

(2.) Compute the probability using the standard normal curve.

a. P(Z < 1.67) = ______________

Solution:
STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the
z - score and shade.

STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the z - score in the z-table.

z = 1.67 has a corresponding area of 0.9525
16

STEP 3: If you are looking for a less than area, the area in the table is the answer, therefore the P(Z <
1.67) = 0.9525 or 95.25%.

b. P(Z > -0.65) = ______________

Solution:
STEP 1: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and shade.

STEP 2: Locate the corresponding area of the z - score in the z-table.

z = -0.65 has a corresponding area of 0.2578

STEP 3: If you are looking for a greater than area, the area in the table is subtracted from 1, therefore,
1.0000 – 0.2578 = 0.7422 , and the P(Z > -0.65) = 0.7422 or 74.22%

The Z- Score

The z-score is an essential component in standard normal distribution. This allows us to describe a given
set of data by finding the z-scores. This leads us to a question of how z-scores are identified?

Given a normal random variable X with mean (μ) and standrad deviation ( σ ), each value of x of the
variable can be transformed into z-scores using the formula,

x −μ
Z=
σ

where z = z- score or standard score

x = observed value
μ = mean
σ = standard deviation

Example:

(1.) A random variable X has a mean of 6 and a standard deviation of 2. Find the corresponding z-score
for x = 11.

Given:
x = 11; μ = 6; σ = 2

Solution:
Step 1: Write the formula.
Step 2: Substitute the given values.
Step 3: Perform the operations.
Step 4: Write the corresponding z-score.

x −μ
Z=
σ

11−6 5
Z= = =2.5
2 2

(2.) Given:
x = 20; μ = 12; σ = 3

Solution.
x −μ 20−12 8
Z= = = =2.67
σ 3 3

(3.) Given:
x = 18; μ = 28; σ = 5

Solution.
x −μ 18−28 −10
Z= = = =−2
σ 5 2

(4.) The scores in the summative test of 11- STEM B are normally distributed with a mean of 65 and a
standard deviation of 12. Find the probability that some students got a score below 40.
Solution:

STEP 1: Convert the normal value in z-score.

Given: x = 40; μ = 65; σ = 12

Solution:

x −μ 4 0−65 −25
Z= = = =−2.08
σ 12 12

Therefore, the P(X < 40) = P(Z < -2.08)

STEP 2: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and shade.

STEP 3: Locate the corresponding area of the z - score in the z-table.

z = -2.08 has a corresponding area of 0.0188

STEP 4: If you are looking for a less than area, the area in the table is the answer, therefore, the P(Z < -
2.08) = 0.0188 or 1.88%.

(5.) The height (in meters) of grade 11 students in section A follows a normal distribution with the mean
1.6 and a standard deviation of 0.3. Find the pobability that students chosen at random has a height
greater than 1.75.

Solution:

STEP 1: Convert the normal value in z - score.

Given: x = 1.75; μ = 1.6; σ = 3

Solution:

x −μ 1.75−1.6 0.15
Z= = = =0.5
σ 3 0.3

Therefore, the P(X > 1.75) = P(Z > 0.5)

STEP 2: Draw a normal curve and locate the z - score and shade.

STEP 3: Locate the corresponding area of the z - score in the z-table.

z = 0.5 has a corresponding area of 0.6915

STEP 4: If you are looking for a greater than area, the area in the table is subtracted from 1, therefore,
1.0000 – 0.6915 = 0.3085 , and the P(Z > 0.5) = 0.3085 or 30.85%

The Percentile

A percentile is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of
observations in a group of observations fall.

Imagine you took a standardized test and you scored 91 at the 89th percentile. This means that 89% of
the examiners scored lower than 91 and 11% scored higher than 91. This explains that 89th percentile is
located where 89% of the total population lies below and 11% lies above that point. To illustrate the 89th
percentile of the normal curve here are the steps:

1. Express the given percentage as probability, remember 89% is the same as 0.8900.
2. Using the z-table (Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the Standard Normal Curve), locate the
area of 0.8900.

3. There is no area corresponding exactly to 0.8900. It is between of 0.8888 with a corresponding z -

score of 1.22 and 0.8907 with a corresponding z - score of 1.23. The nearest value to 0.8900 is 0.8888
and therefore, the distribution lies below z = 1.22.

4. Construct a normal curve and shade the region to the left of 1.22.
 Directions: Read the instructions given and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Complete the table by converting the given values into z-scores. Then find the corresponding area
using the z-table.

E. Developing Mastery
(Leads to formative
Assessment 3)

Students will answer this activity.

Compute the following probabilities using the standard normal curve. Construct a curve then shade the
F. Finding Practical region corresponding to the area.
Applications of 1. P(Z > -1.53)
Concepts 2. P(Z < 2.89)
3. P(-1.65 < Z < 2.15)

G. Making generalizations Now that you have learned the concept of standard normal distribution, you may proceed to the next
and abstractions activity.

Direction: Complete the given diagram below by filling up the necessary details about the steps in finding
the probability using the standard normal curve and finding the z-scores.
 Directions: Analyze the problem below by providing a comprehensive answer from the given question.

Write the complete solution on your answer sheets.

1. The mean score and the standard deviation in the Statistics test are respectively equal to 80 and 2.5,
whereas in the Mathematics test the mean score is 70 and the standard deviation is 2. If Liza got a score
H. Evaluating Learning of 85 in Statistics and a score or 75 in Mathematics in which subject is her standing better assuming
normality in both subjects?

For additional, students will answer the Assessment part on pp. 23 – 24

I. Additional activities for Directions: Analyze the problem below by providing a comprehensive answer from the given
application or question. Write the complete solution on your answer sheets.
remediation 1. The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics are normally distributed with mean =
63 and standard deviation = 5. What is the 97.5th percentile?
V.REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of Learners who
earned 75% in the
evaluation
B. No. of Learners who
require additional
activities for
remediatiion
C. Did the remedial
lessons work? No. of
Learners who caught up
with the lesson
D. No. of Learners who
continue to require
remediation
E. Which of my teaching
strategies worked well?
Why did this work?
F. What difficulties did I
encountered which my
principal or supervisor
can helped me solve
G. What innovation or
localized materials did I
discover which I wish to
share with other
teachers?

Prepared by:

DHARYL G. BALLARTA
Statistics and Probability Teacher
Approved by:

BERNIE G. LOQUINARIO
Head Teacher III

Noted:

MARILYN D. SORILLA
Principal II