ENG 100 Module 1

COLEGIO DE STA. ANA DE VICTORIAS, INC.
Osmeña Avenue, Victorias City, Negros Occidental, 6119

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LEARNING MODULE 1
DISTANCE EDUCATION
ENGLISH ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM (ENG 100)
AN OVERVIEW
This module aims to improve the English Language Proficiency of College Freshmen by
learning critical grammatical structures necessary for communicative functions such as narrating,
describing, giving directions, and acquiring adequate vocabulary needed for academic study. The
emphasis is on the use of English for communication and learning purposes.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the different parts of speech needed for building vocabulary and sentence
constructions
2. Recognize grammatical structures necessary for communicative functions such as narrating,
describing, giving directions, etc
3. Develop the ability to see the grammatical relationships between words, group of words, and
sentences within the discourse level;
4. Explain the ability to use cohesive devices to come up with a meaningful discourse
5. Practice to read and to understand what he reads through the use of various reading skills
These are the topics that we will be introduced and learned by you for the whole semester:
MODULE 1 The English Language (History of the English Language/Word Formation)

MODULE 2 Part of Speech – Noun, Pronoun
MODULE 3 Part of Speech - Verb, Adjective (subject and verb agreement), Adverb,
Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection
MODULE 4 Verbals, Phrases, Clauses, Sentence Structure
MODULE 5 Sentence Pattern
MODULE 6 Sentence Error
MODULE 7 Reading Comprehension
EXAMINATION PERIOD
Periodical Examinations for Offline learners are given on the exact schedule of the
examination. The tests are given online hence, students must look for an internet connection where
he can log in his google account and join the group in taking test. The Finance Office will post names
of students who have permits so permit no exam policy will be strictly followed.
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At the start of the module, you are to take the reassessment test to see how much background
information and knowledge you have in learning English.
This module is self-instructional. You can read, analyze concepts and ideas presented, and reflect
on them. The activities and Self-check Questions (SCQ) will help you assess how you progress as
you go through this module. If you need help and further clarification, you can ask for the assistance
of your teacher at the end of every week for feed backing and monitoring of your progress.
Your answers to the SCQ and Activities will be evaluated by your teacher. This will be part of your
formative evaluation.
DO NOT WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN THE MODULE. YOUR ANSWERS SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN A SEPARATE
SHEET TO BE SUBMITTED TO YOUR TEACHER ON OR BEFORE THE DEADLINE.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Name _________________________________ Course/Yr. _________ Date: _________
Puzzle
P I A N O N U T R I E N T S
E H N E W S L E I P O P E S
N A I S L A M R V H R A D T
C N M L F I U M E I E N O U
I D A R I M L I R A T T E D
L I L I A P E T D L N P T E
A S A P B O P E S A T U R N
M R N D U N A I D E S E R T
B A E D S Y P I N Y L O N D
H E A R T L E T T E R D U N
E L F I N U R S E R D E T T
A. From the Puzzle above pick out 21 nouns used horizontally, 14 nouns used vertically and 3
nouns used diagonally.
B. Write the classification of the nouns which were horizontally written:
NOUN CLASSIFICATION
1. ______________ 1. ____________________
2. _________________ 2. ____________________
3. _________________ 3. ____________________
4. _________________ 4. ____________________
5. _________________ 5. ____________________
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C. Write the classification of nouns which were vertically written:
NOUN CLASSIFICATION
1. _________________ 1. ___________________
2. _________________ 2. ___________________
3. _________________ 3. ___________________
4. _________________ 4. ___________________
5. _________________ 5. ___________________
D. Write the classification of nouns which were diagonally written:
NOUN CLASSIFICATION
1. _________________ 1. __________________
2. _________________ 2. ___________________
3. _________________ 3. ___________________
LEARNING MODULE 1: The English Language History/Word Formation Process
INTRODUCTION Students will be required to read and analyze textual material

illustrating the development of the language from its earliest written
records to the present day. These texts will be used to illustrate the
conventional division of the language into the Old English, Middle
English, Early Modern English and Modern English periods and the
salient linguistic characteristics of each period.
The linguistic features in question will include aspects of the

orthography, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and lexical meaning
of each period. Students will also, however, develop the theoretical
skills and insights necessary to recognize and describe the
progressive ‘evolution’ of the language throughout and between these
periods.
LEARNING At the end of the module, you should be able to:

OBJECTIVES
 Demonstrate a thorough understanding of diachronic changes
in English from Old English to Present day English.
 Identify the importance of the history and the people who

contributed to the English Language
 Demonstrate the ability to use the primary and secondary

sources provided and collected through independent reading
as supportive documents in exploring evidence of language
change and/or the ideology that has influenced the
development of the English language
 Write the examples of words formed by these different

processes
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LEARNING  Flordeliza C. Buendicho, Ph.D. “Englissh Plus” First Edition
RESOURCES
 Darwin D. Bargo, Ed.D., Ph.D. “ An Intensive Grammar
Review”
 http://www.inspiration.com
 http://www.inspiration.com/Kidspirationhttps://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEH2GkuRIHs
 https://youtu.be/aEH2GkuRIHs
LEARNING INPUTS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS (SCQ)
Lesson 1 What is English?
( Discuss the History of the English Language)
(Watch the video on YouTube. Click the link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lvhpHHi6-4&t=350s
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ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY
Please watch the video “History of English Language in Ten

minutes”
English is a member of the Indo-European family of languages. This
broad family includes most of the European languages spoken today.
The Indo-European family includes several major branches: Latin and
the modern Romance languages (French etc.); the Germanic
languages (English, German, Swedish etc.); the Indo-Iranian
languages (Hindi, Urdu, Sanskrit etc.); the Slavic
languages (Russian, Polish, Czech etc.); the Baltic languages of
Latvian and Lithuanian; the Celtic languages (Welsh, Irish Gaelic
etc.); Greek.
The influence of the original Indo-European language can be seen
today, even though no written record of it exists. The word for father,
for example, is vater in German, pater in Latin, and pitr in Sanskrit.
These words are all cognates, similar words in different languages
that share the same root.
Of these branches of the Indo-European family, two are, as far as the

study of the development of English is concerned, of paramount
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importance, the Germanic and the Romance (called that because the
Romance languages derive from Latin, the language of ancient
Rome).
English is a member of the Germanic group of languages. It is
believed that this group began as a common language in the Elbe
river region about 3,000 years ago. By the second century BC, this
Common Germanic language had split into three distinct sub-groups:
 East Germanic was spoken by peoples who migrated back to
southeastern Europe. No East Germanic language is spoken
today, and the only written East Germanic language that
survives is Gothic.
 North Germanic evolved into the modern Scandinavian
languages of Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Icelandic (but
not Finnish, which is related to Hungarian and Estonian and is
not an Indo-European language).
 West Germanic is the ancestor of modern German, Dutch,

Flemish, Frisian, and English. English is a West Germanic
language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought
to Britain in the mid-5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon
migrants from what is now northwest Germany,
southern Denmark and the Netherlands.
The Anglo-Saxons settled in the British Isles from the mid-5th

century and came to dominate the bulk of southern Great
Britain.
Their language, now called Old English, originated as a group

of Anglo-Frisian dialects which were spoken, at least by the settlers,
in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle
Ages, displacing the Celtic languages (and, possibly, British Latin)
that had previously been dominant.
Old English reflected the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon

kingdoms established in different parts of Britain. The Late West
Saxon dialect eventually became dominant.
A significant subsequent influence on the shaping of Old English

came from contact with the North Germanic languages spoken by
the Scandinavian Vikings who conquered and colonized parts of
Britain during the 8th and 9th centuries, which led to much lexical
borrowing and grammatical simplification. The Anglian dialects had a
greater influence on Middle English.
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The Celts, who arrived in England sometime before the beginning of

the Christian era, brought with them the first Indo-European language
to be spoken in that country. (Today, all the major languages of
Europe – except for Finnish, Hungarian, and Basque – are of Indo-
European origin.) In spite of this strong early influence and the fact
that the Celts occupied England for hundreds of years, relatively few
Celtic words are in the English language today. The Language with
which you read today and which you have studied since grade school
has a very interesting history.
The Celts were eventually driven out around 55 B.C. by Julius Caesar
and his Roman armies. The Romans established a stable Roman
society, which lasted for several hundred years. In 410 A.D., however,
trouble at home caused the Roman legions to withdraw.
Because they were no longer under the protection of the Romans, the
people of England asked some Germanic tribes across the English
Channel to help them fight off an invasion of Picts and Scots from
Scotland.
In fact, its history back to the 5 th century CE when the three Germanic
tribes-the Angels, Saxons, and Jutes arrived in the British Isles.
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Watch the video by clicking the picture on YouTube
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2F
MIDDLE ENGLISH – Middle English began around 1066 AD, as a

result of the Battle of hastings. At that time, William the Conqueror,
who came from the north – western France, won a decisive victory
over the Anglo-Saxons.
Then came the Norman Conquest of 1066. When William the

Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England, he became its
King. He brought with him his nobles, who spoke French and formed
the new government.
Finally, in 1362, English –with its many French words – became the
official language of the courts and shortly afterward the official
language of the schools. To cement the permanence of English,
Geoffrey Chaucer, the greatest poet in England at that time, began to
write in English.
Another factor in the establishment was the introduction of William

Caxton’s painting machine in 1476. As a result of this invention, the
rules for grammar and the spelling of words in English became
standardized.
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The sound of the Shakespeare’s/Early Modern English

Watch the video on YouTube by clicking the picture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQG56Ah11o4
MODERN ENGLISH – The period from around 1500 to the present is

often called Modern English. During this time English grammar has
not change much, but there have been great changes in
pronunciation.
During the English Renaissance, the number of English words also

grew rapidly. Many Greek and even more Latin words were added to
the English language at that time.
Today, the English language is still changing and growing. Words are
added, words become obsolete, and through use, words change in
form and meaning. Knowing how a word was adopted into English
and what was its original meaning can often help you understand its
current meaning.
The etymology of a word is the history of that word from its earliest
recorded use. Dictionary entries often contain very brief etymologies.
Knowing the origin of the word may help you to remember its current
meaning.
(read: smart English “San Miguel.Barraquio.Revilla)
https:/ /youtu.be/aEH2GkuRIHs
(Answer Activity 1.1 and SCQ 1.1)

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Lesson 2
Why are new words Needed?
 Because of new inventions and changes

 Language dynamic
 Vast amount of new inventions made in the 20 th and 21st
 One of the distinctive properties of human language creativity
Word Formation Process
Watch the video on YouTube by Trini Nunez
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fprezi.com%2
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Is generally known as the phenomenon which is so close to
human’s life in the world. According to Trask (1997), word formation
process is a way to construct new words from existing materials.
Meanwhile, according to Hacken and Thomas (2013), word formation
process is how to produce the new words based on the some rules.
Besides, Plag (2003) stated that the word formation process is the
process to create new words from other words. It is the way to
construct new words from the existing words based on some rules.
And it can be productive and non-productive.
Over 300 million people around the world speak English, which
continues to morph through the ages. There are various processes
which lead to the formation of many different new words. But how do
we form such new words? There are, of course, several ways to do
this.
One way is zero derivation in which the form of a word is
unchanged, but its function is changed (e.g. “run” [verb] becomes
“run” [noun] and “walk” [verb] becomes “walk” [noun]. Another is the
stress shift in which only the audible emphasis of a syllable changes
to create a new word (e.g. “reject” [verb, stress on the second
syllable] becomes “reject” [noun, stress on the first syllable]). Yet
another word formation process is called the ablaut, an alteration of
vowels (e.g. plurals like man-men, goose-geese, verbs like sing-sang-
sung and adjective with noun like long-length).
Etymology comes from Latin but has Greek roots (etymon ‘original
from’ + logia ‘study of’)
Attitude towards new words entering a language
 Handbook – aviation in the 19th century

 Computer and radio in Arabic Ways in which a word can enter
a language.
English Word Formation
1. coinage – the word formation process inventing entirely new

words
ex : robotics , genocide , kleenex, zipper, Xerox, band-aid
2. Calque – direct translation of the element of a word into the

borrowing language; word-for-word translation of a phrase
borrowed from another language
ex: Spanish from English, perros calientes – dog hot = hot dog
3. Derivation – as “the most common word formation process”,

builds new words by adding morphemes; word formation by
affixes
ex : by prefixes : un-usual, mis-pronounce

by suffixes : care-less, child-ish
prefix and suffix: dis-loyal-ty, un-erring-ly
4. Backformation – nouns>verbs: reduction of nouns to form

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verbs
ex : television = televise, donation=donate, option=opt
5. Acronym – word from initials of a set of words
ex : SCUBA- Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

RADAR – Radio Detection And Ranging
6. Onomatopoeia – this special type of word that depicts “the

sound associated with what is named”
ex : buzz, hiss, sizzle, cuckoo
7. Borrowing – is the process of actually borrowing words for the

foreign languages.
ex : Latin: intern, memorandum;

Greek: pneumonia, panorama, psychoanalysis
French: bureau, café;
Sanskrit: chakra, mahatma, nirvana;
Hindi: avatar, shampoo
8. Compounding – is the process of putting words together to

build a new one that “does not denote two things, but one unit”
ex : handbag= hand + bag; wallpaper= wall + paper
9. Blending – is a combination of two or more words to create a

new one, usually by taking the beginning of the other word and
the end of the other one.
ex : brunch = breakfast + lunch; motel = motor + hotel
10. Conversion – changing the category of words;

zero derivation – no affixes are added
11. Initialism – initialism are pronounced “as a sequence of letters”
ex : DNA – Deoxy Riboneuclic acid; USA – United States of

America
12. Clipping – shortening of a poly-syllabic word.; types: back

clipping, fore-clipping
ex : facsimile = fax, fanatic=fan, telephone= phone

(answer SCQ 1.2)
(Accomplish Activity 1.2)
ASSESSMENT Google Classroom:
a. Content: Quiz
b. Performance Task: Online Demonstration
FEEDBACK (Learners must be given feedback about their performance. Feedback must
be specific. Terms such as: “very good”, “excellent”, “keep up” etc. are
positive feedback and welcomed but actually is not a very good feedback
since it is not specific. A more specific feedback is: “Your grammar in
sentence _____ needs to be improved;” “ The right term should be ‘take out’
NOT ‘take away”;
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

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COLEGIO DE STA. ANA DE VICTORIAS, INC.

Osmeña Avenue, Victorias City, Negros Occidental, 6119

MODULE 1 The English Language (History of the English Language/Word Formation)

B. Write the classification of the nouns which were horizontally written:

C. Write the classification of nouns which were vertically written:

D. Write the classification of nouns which were diagonally written:

LEARNING MODULE 1: The English Language History/Word Formation Process

INTRODUCTION Students will be required to read and analyze textual material

The linguistic features in question will include aspects of the

LEARNING At the end of the module, you should be able to:

 Identify the importance of the history and the people who

 Demonstrate the ability to use the primary and secondary

 Write the examples of words formed by these different

Lesson 1 What is English?

( Discuss the History of the English Language)

(Watch the video on YouTube. Click the link below

ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY

Please watch the video “History of English Language in Ten

Of these branches of the Indo-European family, two are, as far as the

 West Germanic is the ancestor of modern German, Dutch,

The Anglo-Saxons settled in the British Isles from the mid-5th

Their language, now called Old English, originated as a group

Old English reflected the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon

A significant subsequent influence on the shaping of Old English

The Celts, who arrived in England sometime before the beginning of

Watch the video by clicking the picture on YouTube

MIDDLE ENGLISH – Middle English began around 1066 AD, as a

Then came the Norman Conquest of 1066. When William the

Another factor in the establishment was the introduction of William

The sound of the Shakespeare’s/Early Modern English

MODERN ENGLISH – The period from around 1500 to the present is

During the English Renaissance, the number of English words also

(read: smart English “San Miguel.Barraquio.Revilla)

(Answer Activity 1.1 and SCQ 1.1)

Why are new words Needed?

 Because of new inventions and changes

Word Formation Process

Watch the video on YouTube by Trini Nunez

Attitude towards new words entering a language

 Handbook – aviation in the 19th century

English Word Formation

1. coinage – the word formation process inventing entirely new

ex : robotics , genocide , kleenex, zipper, Xerox, band-aid

2. Calque – direct translation of the element of a word into the

3. Derivation – as “the most common word formation process”,

ex : by prefixes : un-usual, mis-pronounce

4. Backformation – nouns>verbs: reduction of nouns to form

5. Acronym – word from initials of a set of words

ex : SCUBA- Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

6. Onomatopoeia – this special type of word that depicts “the

ex : buzz, hiss, sizzle, cuckoo

7. Borrowing – is the process of actually borrowing words for the

ex : Latin: intern, memorandum;

8. Compounding – is the process of putting words together to

ex : handbag= hand + bag; wallpaper= wall + paper

9. Blending – is a combination of two or more words to create a

ex : brunch = breakfast + lunch; motel = motor + hotel

10. Conversion – changing the category of words;

11. Initialism – initialism are pronounced “as a sequence of letters”

ex : DNA – Deoxy Riboneuclic acid; USA – United States of