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UNIT-II Notes Java Script

The document discusses arrays in JavaScript. Some key points: - Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable name instead of multiple variables. - Arrays are declared using Array() constructor or initialized with elements inside []. - Individual elements can be accessed and modified using their index number. - Built-in methods like push(), pop(), sort() etc. can manipulate arrays. - Arrays can be iterated over using for loops to read or write elements. - Arrays are useful data structures for storing and managing related data in JavaScript.

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123 views

UNIT-II Notes Java Script

The document discusses arrays in JavaScript. Some key points: - Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable name instead of multiple variables. - Arrays are declared using Array() constructor or initialized with elements inside []. - Individual elements can be accessed and modified using their index number. - Built-in methods like push(), pop(), sort() etc. can manipulate arrays. - Arrays can be iterated over using for loops to read or write elements. - Arrays are useful data structures for storing and managing related data in JavaScript.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

****ARRAY:
- Array is used to store set of values in a single variable name.

- Instead of creating multiple variable for storing different values, we can


create single array variable and on which we can keep multiple values.

- Array is a special variable which can hold more than one value at a time.

####Declaration of Array:

- We can use constructor Array() for creation of an array.

- In JavaScript, object and Arrays are handled almost identically.

- Both objects and Arrays can have properties and method.

1) Call it with no arguments:

var a=new Array();

This method will create empty array with no elements.

2) Call it with single numeric argument.

var a=new Array(10);

This method will create array with specified length.

3) Explicitly specify values of array:

var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50);

This method will create array with specified elements.

Example:-

//Javascript program which calculate length of array

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).


UNIT-II Array, Function and String

var a1=new Array();

document.write("Length of a1 array is:"+a1.length);

var a2=new Array(10);

document.write("Length of a2 array is:"+a2.length);

var a3=new Array(10,20,30,40,50);

document.write("Length of a3 array is:"+a3.length);

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example:

//Javascript program to initialize array elements using subscript and index


number.

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(5);

a[0]=10;

a[1]=20;

a[2]=30;

a[3]=40;

a[4]=50;

document.write("Element present at index 0

=>"+a[0]);

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write("<br>Element present at index


1 =>"+a[1]);

document.write("<br>Element present at index


2 =>"+a[2]);

document.write("<br>Element present at index


3 =>"+a[3]);

document.write("<br>Element present at index


4 =>"+a[4]);

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example:

/Javascript program to read and write array element using loop.

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(5);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter array element: "+i));

document.write("<h1>Your Array Elements:");

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write(a[i]+" ");

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example:-

//Sum of Array elements

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(5);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter array element: "+i));

var sum=0;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

sum=sum+a[i];

document.write("<h1>Sum of array elements="+sum);

</script>

</body>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

</html>

Example:-

//Print array in reverse order

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(5);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter Array Element:"+i));

document.write("<h1>You have entered Array elements:");

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

document.write(a[i]+" ");

document.write("<h1>Array elements in reverse order:");

for(i=a.length-1;i>=0;i--)

document.write(a[i]+" ");

</script>

</body>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

</html>

================================================================

###Adding an Array Element:

- Sometime, while running javascript code there is requirement to increase size


of the array.

- We can add elements into array by following two ways:

1) Using push method array

2) Using Length property of array

- Push method is used to add new item to the end of the array and it will
return new length of array.

- Syntax:

ArrayObjName.push(list of elements)

- If you want to add new element at the beginning of an array then we can use
unshift() method array.

- The value of length property of an array can be used as the index for the new
array element.

- Example:

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(3);

a[0]=10;

a[1]=20;

a[2]=30;

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write("Original Array Elements="+a);

a.push(40,50);

document.write("<br>Array Elements after


adding 40 & 50 at last="+a);

a.unshift(5);

document.write("<br>Array Elements after


adding 5 at beginning="+a);

a[a.length]=60;

document.write("<br>Array Elements after


adding 60 at last="+a);

</script>

</body>

</html>

================================================================

####Sorting Array Elements:

- To arrange the array elements in some proper order(it may be ascending or


descending) is known as sorting.

- To elements of an array can be sorted by using sort() method of an array.

- Syntax:

ArrayObjName.sort()

- By default sort() method will generates output in ascending order.

- If we want to display output in descending order then we have to use


reverse() method after sort() method.

- Example:

<html>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(40,20,50,10,90);

document.write("<h1>Initial array elements:"+a);

a.sort();

document.write("<br>Array elements in acending order:"+a);

a.reverse();

document.write("<br>Array elements in descending order:"+a);

var b=new Array(40.20,20.10,50.5,10.7,90.3);

document.write("<br><br>Initial array elements:"+b);

b.sort();

document.write("<br>After sorting array elements:"+b);

var c=new Array("pune","thane","solapur","tasgaon","latur");

document.write("<br><br>Initial array elements:"+c);

c.sort();

document.write("<br>After sorting array elements:"+c);

</script>

</body>

</html>

================================================================

####: Combing Array Elements into a String:

- Sometime there is need to combine all elements of array into a single string.

- For example:

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

var numbers=new Array("one","two","three");

- By combining the array elements means to display contents of all array


elements as string.

- For example: "one,two,three"

-We can combine array elements by using two different ways

1) Using concat() method:

- In this method we can combine two or more array elements together but its
is separated by comma.

- Syntax:

ArrayObjName.concat();

ArrayObjName.concat(ArrayObj2,ArrayObj3...);

2) Using join() method:

- Here, we can combine elements of arrays and it is separated by specified


separator.

- Syntax:

ArrayObjName.join([separator])

- slice() method:

- By using this method we can retrieve any particular elements list from the
given array.

- Syntax:

ArrayObjName.slice(startindex,endindex-1);

-Example:

<html>

<body>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var items=new Array("one","two","three");

//join() method

var s1=items.join()

document.write(s1);

var s2=items.join('-')

document.write("<br>"+s2);

//concat() method

var s3=items.concat();

document.write("<br>"+s3);

var num=new Array("four","five","six");

var s4=items.concat(num);

document.write("<br>"+s4);

//slice() method

var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90);

document.write("<br>"+a.slice(2,7));

</script>

</body>

</html>

- Example:

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).


UNIT-II Array, Function and String

//join() method

var num=new Array("One","Two","Three");

var s1=num.join();

document.write("<h1>S1 => "+s1);

var s2=num.join('-');

document.write("<h1>S2 => "+s2);

//concat() method

var items=new Array("Pen","Pencil","Eraser");

var s3=items.concat();

document.write("<h1>S3 => "+s3);

var lang=new Array("C Lang","Java Lang","Python Lang");

var s4=items.concat(lang);

document.write("<h1>S4 => "+s4);

//slice() method

var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100);

var s5=a.slice(3,8);

document.write("<h1>S5 => "+s5);

</script>

</body>

</html>

/*

output

=======

Java Script by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).


UNIT-II Array, Function and String

S1 => One,Two,Three

S2 => One-Two-Three

S3 => Pen,Pencil,Eraser

S4 => Pen,Pencil,Eraser,C Lang,Java Lang,Python Lang

S5 => 40,50,60,70,80

*/

================================================================
####: Changing elements of an Array:

- We can change the elements of an array by using different methods.

- By using shift() method, we can remove beginning element of array.

- By using pop() method, we can remove last element of an array.

- Example:

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(10,20,30,40,50);

document.write("Original Array Elements:"+a);

a.shift()

document.write("<br>Array Elements after


deleting first:"+a);

a.pop();

document.write("<br>Array Elements after


deleting last:"+a);

</script>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

</body>

</html>

Example: Array Insertion

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(10);

var N=parseInt(prompt("How much element wants to store on


Array:"));

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter Array Element:"+i));

document.write("<h1>Array Elements before insertion:");

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

document.write(a[i]+"\t");

var x=parseInt(prompt("Enter Value for insertion:"));

var Loc=parseInt(prompt("Enter Location for insertion:"));

for(i=N-1;i>=Loc-1;i--)

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

a[i+1]=a[i];

a[Loc-1]=x;

N++;

document.write("<h1>Array Elements after insertion:");

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

document.write(a[i]+"\t");

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example: Array Deletion

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var a=new Array(10);

var N=parseInt(prompt("How much element wants to store on


Array:"));

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

a[i]=parseInt(prompt("Enter Array Element:"+i));

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write("<h1>Array Elements before deletion:");

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

document.write(a[i]+"\t");

var Loc=parseInt(prompt("Enter location for deletion:"));

for(i=Loc-1;i<N-1;i++)

a[i]=a[i+1];

N--;

document.write("<h1>Array Elements after deletion:");

for(i=0;i<N;i++)

document.write(a[i]+"\t");

</script>

</body>

</html>

================================================================

#### Function:
- Function is a part of main program.

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

- Function is a block of statements that will help us to solve the particular task.

- There are two different types of functions

1) Build-in functions - those functions which are already defined in javascript.


Examples are write(), prompt(), alert(), etc.

2) User defined functions - those functions which are defined by user.

- Syntax: Function Definition

//function without arguments

function function_name()

//block of code

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

function Welcome()

document.write("This is user defined


function without arguments!!!");

Welcome();

</script>

</body>

</html>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

//function with arguments

function function_name(Parameter-list)

//block of code

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

function Addition(a,b)

document.write("Addition
of two numbers="+(a+b));

Addition(100,200);

</script>

</body>

</html>

- Syntax: Calling Function

function_name(); //calling function without


argument

function_name(argument-list); //calling function with


argument

- Example-1:

<html>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

function CheckEvenOdd() //function definition

var no;

no=parseInt(prompt("Enter any Number:"));

if(no%2==0)

document.write("Number is EVEN");

else

document.write("Number is ODD");

CheckEvenOdd(); //calling function

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example-2:

<html>

<body>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

function CalcSquare(no) //function definition

var result=no*no;

document.write("Square of given number="+result);

CalcSquare(12); //calling function

</script>

</body>

</html>

Example-3:

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

function AreaOfCircle() //function definition

var area,radius;

radius=parseInt(prompt("Enter Radius of Circle:"));

area=(3.14*radius*radius);

return area;

z=AreaOfCircle(); //calling function

document.write("Area of Circle="+z);

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

</script>

</body>

</html>

================================================================

###STRING:
- String is a collection of characters which contains alphabets, numbers or
special symbols.

- We can represent string by using single or double quoto.

- String data type provided in the javascript to represent text.

- We can create String object by using String constructor.

- Example:

var str1=new String(); //empty string

var str2=new String("VJTech Academy")

- We can create string by assign value on variable.

- Example:

var s1="VJTech";

var s2='VJTech';

***Methods:

1) Calculate length of string

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str1="VJTech Academy";

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write("Length of
String="+str1.length);

</script>

</body>

</html>

2) Concatenation of String:

- To merge two string together is known as concatenation means store second


string after the first string.

- In Javascript, we can concate two strings by using two different ways.

I) By using + operator

var str1="VJTech";

var str2="Academy";

var str3=str1+str2;

str3="VJTechAcademy"

II) By using concat() method

var str1=new String("VJTech");

var str2=new String("Academy");

var str3=str1.concat(str2);

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str1="VJTech";

var str2="Academy";

var str3=str1+str2;

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write("Concatenated
String="+str3);

var s1=new String("VJTech");

var s2=new String("Academy");

var s3=s1.concat(s2);

document.write("<br>Concatenated
String="+s3);

</script>

</body>

</html>

3) Retrieving character from given position:

- String is an array of characters.

- We already aware about that every characters of string has associated its
own index.

- By using charAt() method, we can retrieve any particular character from the
String.

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str1="VJTech";

document.write("Character
present at index 0="+str1.charAt(0));

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write("<br>Character
present at index 1="+str1.charAt(1));

document.write("<br>Character present
at index 2="+str1.charAt(2));

document.write("<br>Character present
at index 3="+str1.charAt(3));

document.write("<br>Character present
at index 4="+str1.charAt(4));

document.write("<br>Character present
at index 5="+str1.charAt(5));

</script>

</body>

</html>

4) Retrieving position of characters in string:

- In JavaScript, we have two methods that can be used for retrieving the
position of particular character in given string.

- indexOf() - this method will return position of the first occurrence of


character in given string. It will return -1 if character is not present in given
string.

- search() - this method search string for the specified value and it will return
the position of match. It will return -1 if character is not present in given string.

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str1="VJTech Academy";

var L1=str1.indexOf('T');

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

document.write(" Character 'A'


found at position="+L1);

var L2=str1.search('Academy');

document.write("<br>'Academy'
found at position="+L2);

</script>

</body>

</html>

5) Dividing Text:

- Here, we can use split() method for dividing the text.

- In this method , we can provide separator/delimiter and on the basis of that


split method will divide given string.

- The concat method is used to combine two string object together whereas
split() method is used to divide given string on the basis of provided separator.

- Syntax:

StringObjName.split(Separator,limit);

- Where:

separator - it is optional argument which is character that use for


divide the given string.

limit- it is optional argument which is used to limit how much


elements returned to an array.

- Example:

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

var str="How are you?";

var s1=str.split();

document.write(s1);

var s2=str.split("o");

document.write("<br>"+s2);

var s3=str.split(" ",2);

document.write("<br>"+s3);

</script>

</body>

</html>

6) Copying a Substring:

- If we want to retrieve small portion of given string then we can use


substring() and substr() javascript methods.

I) substring():

- this method will retrieve the characters between start index and end index.

- Syntax:

StringObjName.substring(startindex,endindex);

- This method will retrieve the characters which are present between
startindex to endindex-1;

- here, endindex is optional argument, if we have not passed then it will


consider last index as end index.

II) substr():

- This method will extracts the charcaters from the string which is starting from
startindex and end with specified length.

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

-Syntax:

StringObjName.substr(startindex,length);

- Example:

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str="JavaScript is a Scripting


language.";

document.write(str.substring(16,25));

document.write("<br>"+str.substring(16));

document.write("<br>"+str.substr(16,9))

</script>

</body>

</html>

7) Changing the case of the string:

- JavaScript provides two methods which will helps us to manipulate the case
of string:

I) toLowerCase():

- This method is used to convert all characters of given string into Lower Case.

II) toUpperCase():

- This method is used to convert all characters of given string into Upper Case.

-Example:

<html>

<body>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str="VJTech Academy";

document.write("Lower
case:"+str.toLowerCase());

document.write("<br>Upper
case:"+str.toUpperCase());

</script>

</body>

</html>

8) Converting String to Number:

- In this section ,we can see how to convert given string into number.

- following are the methods which we can use for converting string to number:

I) parseInt()

- This method will convert given string into integer number.

- Example:

var str='123';

var a=parseInt(str); //it will return 123

II) parseFloat():

- This method will convert given string into float number.

- Example:

var str='123.45';

var s=parseFloat(str); // it will return 123.45

III) Number():

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

- This method is used to convert string into number.

- This method will work for complete number and decimal number.

-Example:

var str1='98';

var str2='157.98';

var a1=Number(str1); //it will return 98

var a2=Number(str2); //it will return 157.98

9) Converting Numbers to String:

- In javascript, we have two different ways to convert numbers to string.

I) toString():

- This method is used to convert given number into string.

- Number can be decimal or integers.

- Example:

var num1=100;

var str1=num1.toString(); //it will return'100'

var num2=145.50;

var str2=num2.toString(); //it will return '145.50'

II) Contenation Operator (+):

- We can use + operator to convert given number to string.

- Example:

var num=100;

var str=num+" ";

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

10) Finding Unicode of Character:

- In this section, we can retrieve ASCII value of given character and also we can
try to retrieve character from given ASCII.

- Following methods are required:

I) charCodeAt():

- This method is used to retrieve ASCII value of given character.

- Syntax:

StringObjName.charCodeAt([position]);

- For example, suppose given character is 'A' then by using above method we
will get its corresponding ASCII code 65.

II) fromCharCode():

- This method is used to retrieve character from given ASCII value.

- For example, suppose given ASCII value is 65 then then by using above
method we will get its corresponding character 'A'.

<html>

<body>

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">

var str="VJTech Academy";

document.write("ASCII Value of
A="+str.charCodeAt(7));

document.write("<br>Character Value of
ASCII 65="+String.fromCharCode(65));

</script>

</body></html>

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UNIT-II Array, Function and String

Inspiring Your Success

VJTech Academy…

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