Sas1 Gen 002

GEN 002: Understanding The Self
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet
Lesson title: From the Perspective of Philosophy Materials:

White Board Marker, White Board,
Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, TV/Projector, Internet Connection
students will:
1. Learn different views of Philosophers Reference/s :
and http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/a
2. Apply their learning into their everyday ugustine/section1.rhtml
life. https://www.tes.com/lessons/CMfHIsTp2
XFD6w/compare-and-contrast
A. LESSON PREVIEW
Introduction (2 mins)
Good day my dear students. How are you? Are you feeling alright? Make yourself comfortable so
that learning will sink in.
Have you heard the name Aristotle, Socrates or Plato?
What do you remember about them?
𛲣 Do you still remember some Philosophers views, kindly share it in the class.
𛲣 What do you think, why we need to study different Philosopher?
𛲣 kindly give other philosopher aside from name I already gave.
In this module, we will learn about what are the different philosophies of different Philosophers.
And make it as a guide in life.
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

1
B. MAIN LESSON
Content Notes (13 mins)
You can make use of a highlighter to highlight important details in the text. This will
help you study effectively.
For Socrates, the goal of philosophy was to "Know thyself". Knowing others is wisdom. Knowing
the self is enlightenment. Mastering others requires force. Mastering the self requires strength.
"Self-knowledge alone eradicates misery". Self-knowledge alone is the means to the highest
bliss." "Absolute perfection is the consummation of Self-knowledge." Knowledge of oneself can
be achieved only through the Socratic Method, that is to say, the dialogue between the soul and
itself, or between a student and his teacher.
Socrates is as often in the role of questioner, as an attendant emotional. Socrates’ questions
because he knows nothing, knows he knows nothing, has nothing to learn, but it can help its
followers to discover the truths they have in them. Without this work on yourself, life is
worthless according to Socrates.

Plato is a dualist; there is both immaterial mind (soul) and material body, and it is the soul that
knows the forms. Plato believed the soul exists before birth and after death. Thus he believed
that the soul or mind attains knowledge of the forms, as opposed to the senses. Needless to say,
we should care about our soul rather than our body. The soul (mind) itself is divided into 3
parts: reason; appetite (physical urges); and will (emotion, passion, spirit.) The will is the source
of love, anger, indignation, ambition, aggression, etc. When these aspects are not in harmony,
we experience mental conflict. The will can be on the side of either reason or the appetites. We
might be pulled by lustful appetite, or the rational desire to find a good partner. To explain the
interaction of these 3 parts of the self, Plato uses the image is of the charioteer (reason) who
tries to control horses representing will and appetites. Elsewhere he says that reason uses the
will to control the appetites.

Aristotle defined the soul as the core essence of a living being, but argued against its having a
separate existence. For instance, if a knife had a soul, the act of cutting would be that soul,
because 'cutting' is the essence of what it is to be a knife. Unlike Plato and the religious
traditions, Aristotle did not consider the soul as some kind of separate, ghostly occupant of the

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body (just as we cannot separate the activity of cutting from the knife). As the soul, in Aristotle's
view, is an activity of the body, it cannot be immortal (when a knife is destroyed, the cutting
stops). More precisely, the soul is the "first activity" of a living body. This is a state, or a potential
for actual, or 'second', activity. "The axe has an edge for cutting" was, for Aristotle, analogous to
"humans have bodies for rational activity," and the potential for rational activity thus constituted
the essence of a human soul. Aristotle used his concept of the soul in many of his works; the De
Anima (On the Soul) provides a good place to start to gain more understanding of his views.
St. Augustine in his Confessions takes this idea and expands it into an entire genre that critically
inquires what it means to be a person. This identity is achieved through a two-fold process: self-
presentation, which leads to self-realization. Only in the presence of the Omnipotent and the
Omniscient can the self attain happiness and completeness.
Descartes thought that the self is a thinking thing distinct from the body. His first famous
principle was” Cogito, ergo sum", which means “I think, therefore I am." Although the mind and
body are physically together as a whole, the mind and body are mentally independent and serve
their own function.
Check for Understanding (5 mins)
You are doing well! Next, you need to answer the activity below. This will assess your learning
about the lesson.
Cogito, ergo sum 1. Famous principles of Descartes.

The essence of being living 2. Plato defines soul as
Knowing thyself 3. Goal of philosophy by Socrates was
Socrates 4. Self and Body is inseparable.
Plato 5. believed the soul exists before birth and after death.

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C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Frequently Asked Questions

Since we know you have questions about this lesson, we write 3 items and answer it on your
behalf so it will be clear to you. Please read the following questions and the corresponding answers to
it.
1. Which of the Philosophers influences you much? How?

You may choose from the philosophies that sought you best. it’s your personal opinion
and choose, based on your line of thinking, behavior and interpersonal relationship.
2. Can I make my own philosophy?

Yes, why not? For as long as the philosophy that you make leads your life to a progressive,
constructive, effective life in the future and that would contaminate others life as well.
3. Can I pattern my philosophy in life to other people’s philosophy?

Certainly! Philosophy are made to be a guiding light to our life path
Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

A). Learning Tracker
As part of the learning tracker, we prepared some questions to reflect on, please carefully read
the question below and give your honest answer.
What felt confusing about what you learned today?
I can see everything clearly thus far. How they define and express themselves in so many
different ways astound me greatly.
Did you have challenges in today’s learning? How did you overcome those challenges?

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I haven't encountered any difficulties in my studies so far.
Job well done; you have reached the end of this module! We are looking forward to more meaningful
learning with you.
KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Check your Understanding
1. Cogito, ergo sum
2. as the essence of living being.
3. Know thy self
4. Socrates
5. Plato

5

6

1
Lesson title: Materials:

Self from the Perspective of Student Activity Sheet
Sociology
References:
Lesson Objectives: At the end of the https://www.iep.utm.edu/mead/
lesson, students will be able to: http://philschatz.com/sociology-book/contents/m42821.
1. Understand our self according html
to Sociological perspective; and Gazzingan,L., et.al. (2018), Understanding the Self,
2. Give importance to things that Panday. lahi Publishing
help us grow and develop.
A. LESSON PREVIEW
A pleasant day to everyone! How are you? Hope you’re doing well with your studies! Did you
read something about our new lesson?
𛲣 When we talk about Sociology, what comes to your mind?

𛲣 Do you know some famous sociologist? What do they teach us?
𛲣 Does our environment has something to do with ourselves? How does it affects
us?
Today’s lesson is all about Sociologist and their contributions, together with effect of sociology to
the pond of knowledge.
B. MAIN LESSON

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Sociological Perspective on Self
Classical sociological perspective, the Self is a relatively stable set of perceptions of who we are
in relation to ourselves, others, and to social systems. The self is socially constructed in the
sense that it is shaped through interaction with other people.
Charles Cooley’s theory of the “looking glass self.”
Cooley wrote that people’s ideas of themselves have “three principal elements:
(1) the imagination of our appearance to the other person;
(2) the imagination of his judgment of that appearance, and
(3) some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification
The thing that moves us to pride or shame is…the imagined effect of this reflection upon
another’s mind…. We are ashamed to seem evasive in the presence of a straightforward man,
cowardly in the presence of a brave one, gross in the eyes of a refined one, and so on. We
always imagine, and, in imagining, share the judgments of the other mind. A man will boast to
one person of an action—say some sharp transaction in trade—which he would be ashamed to
own to another.” To put it more simply, the way you imagine other people perceiving you affects
the way you feel about yourself, which in turn affects your attitude and even your appearance.
And you may change the way you present yourself depending on who you’re trying to impress or
fit in with. I realized that the looking glass self applies to my own life right at that moment. This
drawing depicts the looking-glass self. The person at the front of the image is looking into four
mirrors, each of which reflects someone else's image of him back to him.

Mead's theory of the social self is based on the perspective that the self emerges from social
interactions, such as observing and interacting with others, responding to others' opinions about
oneself, and internalizing external opinions and internal feelings about oneself.
Three activities develop the self:

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1.Language develops self by allowing individuals to respond to each other through symbols,

gestures, words, and sounds. Language conveys others' attitudes and opinions toward a subject
or the person. Emotions, such as anger, happiness, and confusion, are conveyed through
language.
2. Play develops self by allowing individuals to take on different roles, pretend, and express
expectation of others. Play develops one's self-consciousness through role-playing. During role-
play, a person is able to internalize the perspective of others and develop an understanding of
how others feel about themselves and others in a variety of social situations.
3. Games develop self by allowing individuals to understand and adhere to the rules of the
activity. Self is developed by understanding that there are rules in which one must abide by in
order to win the game or be successful at an activity.
Mead develops William James' distinction between the "I" and the "me." The "me" is the
accumulated understanding of "the generalized other" i.e. how one thinks one's group perceives
oneself etc. The "I" is the individual's impulses. The "I" is self as subject; the "me" is self as object.
The "I" is the knower; the "me" is the known. For Mead the thinking process is the internalized
dialogue between the "I" and the "me."
The "I" is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others, while the "me" is the organized
set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
The Looking Glass Self; Who Holds Our Reflections?
An interesting discussion is about the theory of the Looking Glass Self by Charles Horton Cooley.
Cooley thought that an individual and society do not exist separately, but rather the individual is
the product society and society is the product of the individual. There are three parts to the
concept; how a person thinks the other(s) perceives him, how the person thinks the other(s)
judges that perception, and the reaction of the person to the assumed perceptions and
judgments.
I can imagine what a group of diverse people sitting around discussing this may argue, both for
and against the theory. What a lively debate it could be, mixing young and old, liberal and
conservative, and experienced and inexperienced into the same group. Ah, how many of those

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individuals, I wonder, would have dressed to convey an image to the others, would speak in
certain manners in order to impress or distress, or would consider what the importance of their
statements would have upon the other group members?
At first, the theory seems to explain that each person is no more than a reflection of society.
More realistically, the theory means we are products of our cultures, our physical surroundings,
and the human beings with whom we associate. Generally, I think it can be agreed, most people
want to fit into society in some manner. And to fit in means to obey some of the rules of the
group to which we belong, or want to belong.
Considering everyone wants to fit in somewhere, people we surround ourselves with have a
great influence on who we become. The type of people that we associate with differs through
the various stages of our lives; the drinking buddies we may have had in our early twenties may
not be the same people we want as godparents for our children. The people from Church are
probably not the people we would invite to a bachelor party.
And so, as we grow older, what type of people should we associate with? What reflections of
ourselves do we want to nurture? It depends on how each of us view the process of aging, what
and when is "old age" to each of us, do we plan to "go gently into the night" or will we remain
active in and throughout the middle and latter stages of life, just as we did in our physical youth?
There are no wrong answers, merely different ways for different people. Simply being aware of
the influences others have on us is important. In that way, we can more actively choose those
from whom we are reflected, and be mindful of how we react to others, as reflections of who
they are.

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about the lesson.
Let’s try your memory, I will give you enumeration type of short assessment to determine
your comprehension.
Now it’s time for you to answer ….

1 – 2 What are the two distinctions of self?
1. Me
2. I
3 – 5 Activities develop the self

3. Play
4. Language
5. Game
6 – 8 Charles Cooley Theory Looking Glass Self, 3 principal elements

6. Some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification.
7. The imagination of our appearance to the other person.
8. The imagination of his judgement of the appearance.

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C. LESSON WRAP-UP

it.
1. Do parents need to be careful in their words, gestures, languages and attitudes because it
might be imitated by children observing them. why?
Ans. Certainly Yes! Anything seen / observe by children from their parents and adults are
presume right and correct.
2. Is it right for parents to be over protective to their children?

Ans. Yes, in a way that protecting them from harm, but not if the knowledge development
and exploration are controlled.
3. Is it necessary for us to reflect?

Ans. Yes, so that we can evaluate our progress, and our behavior if appropriate or not.

None so far
I'm happy to share that this lesson has taught me a lot. Thankfully, I don't encounter any
difficulties from this lecture.

6
learning with you.
KEY TO CORRECTIONS

1. I
2. Me
3. Language
4. Play
5. Games
6. the imagination of our appearance to the other person
7. the imagination of his judgment of that appearance,
8. some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification

7

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Lesson title: Materials:

Self: From the Perspective of Student Activity Sheet
Anthropology
References:
Lesson Objectives: At the end https://sites.google.com/site/theorymaphelene/clifford-geertz/
of the lesson, students will be impact-of-the-concept-of-culture-on-the-concept-of-man
able to: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/margaret-paul-phd/loving-
1. Know how Culture connection_b_2559654.html
shapes ourselves https://nadinedib.wordpress.com/2013/02/28/does-culture-shape-our-
2. Appreciate ourselves in personal-identity/comment-page-1/
Anthropological
perspective
A. LESSON PREVIEW
Good day, students! It’s nice to be with you again for another inspiring topic that will trigger / exercise
your mind to think. (Thinking is growing, and growing is development.)
𛲣 What is Anthropology?

𛲣 Do Anthropology and Sociology the same? What do they differ from each other?
𛲣 What is in Anthropology that creates our identity?
Today’s lesson is all about Anthropology,
B. MAIN LESSON

1
Anthropology is the scientific study of the origins of humans, how we have changed

over the years, and how we relate to each other, both within our own culture and with
people from other cultures.
Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a broad approach

to understanding the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call holism.
They consider the past, through archaeology, to see how human groups lived hundreds or
thousands of years ago and what was important to them.
Anthropologists study the concept of culture and its relationship to human life in different
times and places. They study other societies to gain a clearer perspective on our own.
They study the past to help interpret the present. Students who major in anthropology are
curious about other cultures and other times.
Such study allows us to better understand why people behave the way they do and how
different groups have such amazing variety in their lifeways. It allows us to learn about diversity
and respect the adaptability of man to the enormous variety of environments where people live.
In studying and interpreting the vast range of similarities and differences in human societies

and cultures, anthropologists also seek to understand how people themselves make sense of
the world in which they live. A concentration in Anthropology provides students with a broad
introduction to the discipline.
Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' (self) to refer to this idea of selfhood
in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which
makes a person distinct from others. Identity (self) refers to qualities of sameness in relation to a
person's connection to others and to a particular group of people.
When we are disconnected from ourselves — from who we really are and from our feelings — and when
we are not filling ourselves with love through our spiritual connection, we create a black hole within. The
black hole we’ve created through our self-abandonment becomes like a vacuum, trying to pull love from
others.

2
Cultural anthropology brings us into contact with different ways of life and

challenges our awareness of just how arbitrary our own understanding of the world is as we
learn how other people have developed satisfying but different ways of living.
The Self embedded in Culture

Theorists of culture and personality school argued that socialization creates personality patterns.
It shapes a person’s emotions, thoughts, behaviors, cultural values and norms to fit into and function as
productive members in the surrounding human society. The study of culture and personality wanted to
examine how different socialization practices resulted in different personality types.
Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man

Basic Premises
1. (marriage, economy, religion, etc.)
2. what makes people/cultures different, not the same;
3. Culture is the "accumulated totality" of symbolic patterns that appear in different societies
4. what man is capable of and how he actually behaves, which in turn helps define human nature
about the lesson.
Write T if the answer is TRUE and F if its FALSE.
T 1. Fiesta, music, dresses, hair style and dance are part of anthropology.
T 2. Harana is singing of song to a girl whom your courting.
F 3. Bayanihan is part of Indonesian culture
T 4. Based on Anthropology study in the Philippines, Christianity came from Spaniard who
conquer us.
F 5. Majority of our language came from Chinese words
T 6. Cultural anthropology brings us into contact with different ways of life and
challenges our awareness of just how arbitrary our own understanding of the world is as we
learn how other people have developed satisfying but different ways of living
F 7. Sociology is the study the past to help interpret the present.

3
F 8. Anthropology is the scientific study of the origins of animals, how they have changed

over the years.
T 9. Marriage, Economy, Religion, etc are part of Anthropology
T 10. Anthropology shapes a person’s emotions, thoughts, behaviors, cultural values and norms
to fit into and function as productive members in the surrounding human society.
C. LESSON WRAP-UP

it.
1. Do all the things that happen to our life defines what kind and status and identity you have in
the society?
Ans. Yes! Because anything that we accomplish, attain in life tells the community where you live
what kind of person are you? And where do you belong. That’s why background investigation is
always done and as bases for assessment.

2. How is SELF shaped and influenced by culture?
Ans. Our parents and the environment handed it down to us, teaching us the righteous way to
be accepted in the community where we live. And we do the same thing to the next generation.
3. Can Traditions and Culture change?

Ans. It only modifies but it doesn’t change completely nor remove.

4

None so far
I’m so happy to say that I was able to grasp all the lessons.
learning with you.
KEY TO CORRECTIONS

1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F

5
8. F
9. T
10.T

6

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GEN 002: Understanding The Self

Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Lesson title: From the Perspective of Philosophy Materials:

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Content Notes (13 mins)

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Cogito, ergo sum 1. Famous principles of Descartes.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which of the Philosophers influences you much? How?

2. Can I make my own philosophy?

3. Can I pattern my philosophy in life to other people’s philosophy?

Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

What felt confusing about what you learned today?

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

I haven't encountered any difficulties in my studies so far.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Lesson title: Materials:

𛲣 When we talk about Sociology, what comes to your mind?

Content Notes (13 mins)

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Sociological Perspective on Self

Charles Cooley’s theory of the “looking glass self.”

Three activities develop the self:

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

1.Language develops self by allowing individuals to respond to each other through symbols,

The Looking Glass Self; Who Holds Our Reflections?

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Now it’s time for you to answer ….

3 – 5 Activities develop the self

6 – 8 Charles Cooley Theory Looking Glass Self, 3 principal elements

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Frequently Asked Questions

2. Is it right for parents to be over protective to their children?

3. Is it necessary for us to reflect?

Thinking about Learning (5 mins)

What felt confusing about what you learned today?

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Check your Understanding

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Lesson title: Materials:

𛲣 What is Anthropology?

Today’s lesson is all about Anthropology,

Content Notes (13 mins)

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Anthropology is the scientific study of the origins of humans, how we have changed

Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a broad approach

In studying and interpreting the vast range of similarities and differences in human societies

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Cultural anthropology brings us into contact with different ways of life and

The Self embedded in Culture

Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man

Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Write T if the answer is TRUE and F if its FALSE.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

F 8. Anthropology is the scientific study of the origins of animals, how they have changed