Comparing Primary and Secondary Sources

1. Who is Santiago Alvarez? How come his writing is a primary source?

➢ On July 25, 1872, Santiago V. Alvarez was born in Noveleta, Cavite. When he
was young, he attended San Juan de Letran and the University of Santo Tomas
before entering the Liceo de Manila to study law. He is the son of revolutionary
leader Mariano Alvarez, and he became Captain General of the Magdiwang army,
fighting with distinction against Spain in the conflicts of 1896-1897. Because he
was present at the time of the incident, his writing is considered a primary
source. He can also be able to participate in the incident, and he was writing from
personal experience. He wasn't merely a witness attempting to recall what had
transpired in front of his eyes. He was in a position to know the validity of the
stories that historians can only dream of because he was an active participant
and a decision maker.

2. Who is Teodoro Agoncillo? How come his writing is a secondary source?

➢ Born on November 9, 1912, Teodoro Andal Agoncillo was a significant Filipino

historian of the twentieth century. He was one of the first Filipino historians to
advocate for a strongly nationalistic understanding of Filipino history. His essay is
considered a secondary source because he did not write it at the event, he was
even not present during the event, did not witness it firsthand, and he was not a
participant in the event.

3. Write a chart comparing in detail the accounts of the two writers

regarding the “Tejeros Convention”

Santiago Alvarez Teodoro Agoncillo

Born on July 25, 1872, in Teodoro A. Agoncillo was
Author’s Background Noveleta, Cavite, Santiago born in Lemery, Batangas
Virata Alvarez was a well- on November 9, 1912, He
known revolutionary was a well-known Filipino
general and the founder historian and a national
and honorary president of researcher along with his
the Nacionalista Party's contemporary historians
first directorate. He was Renato Constantino and
dubbed "Kidlat ng Apoy" Gregorio F.
because of his passionate Zaide. Agoncillo began
bravery and dedication as writing history from the so-
commander of Cavite's called Filipino point of
view, they are the most
 great battles. He is still prominent Filipino
remembered as the Hero historians of the twentieth
of the Battle of Dalahican century to emerge during
in Cavite City. the postwar period.

He aims to write a book for Even though Santiago

the youth that provides a Alvarez has already
different story about the provided a source of
revolution and could be historical research on the
Objective of the Author used as a historical account revolution, Teodoro
in the future. Agoncillo intended to
include what transpired
both before and after the
Tejeros Convention to
connect the present to the
past.
1920’s 1947
Date the account was Sampaguita, a Tagalog Written to connect the
written weekly, first published it in present to the past.
the 1920s. However,
Alvarez began writing his
book on March 14, 1896.
➢ March 25, 1897, the ➢ When the San
Tejeros convention Francisco de
was held. Malabon town
➢ On March 27, 1897, festival was held in
witnesses reported January 1897, the
a meeting among rebels were
Magdalo members enjoying the
at the Tanza parish afternoon sports
house. when they were
interrupted by a
Mention of Dates succession of rifle
rounds that sent
them fleeing to
safety.
➢ It was Aguinaldo's
birthday on March
22, 1897, while the
conflict raged and
the assembly met in
Tejeros.
➢ Andres Bonifacio
and his family
 traveled to
Katipunan from the
mountains of
Montalban and
Mariquina in mid-
December 1896.
➢ After his experience
with the Magdalo,
Andres Bonifacio
addressed a letter to
Mariano Alvarez on
January 2, 1897.
1. Andres, Antonio 1. Andres Bonifacio (The
Montenegro Supremo)
2. Trinidad Alonzo 2. Daniel Tirona
Mercado (Trining) and 3. Santiago V. Alvarez
Josephine (Captain General Apoy)
Bracken 4. Mariano Trias
3. Ariston Villanueva 5. Mariano Alvarez
4. Daniel Tirona Severino de las Alas
5. Maj. Damaso Fojas 6. Antonio Montenegro
6. Gen. Artemio (El 7. Trinidad Alonzo
Vibora) Recarte Mercado (Trining) and
7. Diego Mojica Josephine Bracken
8. Emilio Aguinaldo 8. Maj. Damaso Fojas
Mention of People 9. Mariano Trias 9. Gen. Artemio (El Vibora)
10. Mariano Alvarez Recarte
11. Baldomero Aguinaldo 10. Diego Mojica
12. Bonifacio (The 11. Emilio Aguinaldo
Supremo) 12. Baldomero Aguinaldo
13. Santiago V. Alvarez 13. Emiliano R. de Dios
(Captain 14. Ariston Villanueva
General Apoy) 15. Jose del Rosario
14. Severino de las Alas 16. Jacinto Lumbreras
Emiliano R. de Dios 17. Mariano C. Trias.
15. Jose del Rosario
16. Jacinto Lumbreras
17. Mariano C. Trias
18. Fr. Cenon Villafranca.

➢ Tejeros, The ➢ Talisay (Batangas)

location of the declared under the
assembly. Magdao
administration.
 ➢ Parish house (Tanza)
rumored as ➢ Magdiwang governs
the gathering site Nasugbo, Tuwi, and
for Magdalo leaders. Look (Batangas).

➢ The capital was ➢ The capital was

relocated to San relocated to San
Francisco de Francisco de
Malabon. Malabon.

➢ Magdiwang's capital
was relocated to
Noveleta.

➢ Before the fall of

Kawit Magdalo's
capital.
Mention of Places
➢ The rebel leaders
transported
Bonifacio to the
Juan Castaeda
House in Imus.

➢ Tejeros Magdiwang
territorial estate
house

➢ The Supremo stayed

in the highlands of
Montalban and
Mariquina.

➢ Agoncillo resided at
the House of Santos
Nocon until the
Spaniards took the
town.
1. The Tejeros assembly 1. The Katipunan
met on March 25, 1897, demanded that their areas
and was headed over by be reorganized under each
Secretary Jacinto Katipunan faction.
Lumbreras. However, the Magdiwang
and the Magdalo had been
 2. The statement of the warring quietly over
agenda, which is to debate Cavite, with each party
how to secure the wishing to be dominated
territories under by the other.
Magdiwang control, was
immediately disputed by 2. Supremo Andres
Severino de las Alas, who Bonifacio was invited to
stated that the most visit Katipunan in Cavite.
essential issue that should Bonifacio finally agreed to
be addressed is the form of come after the third
government that the invitation.
Katipunan should have.
3. When Bonifacio arrived
3. There was discussion on at Imus, he was greeted
whether or not to modify warmly by numerous
the Katipunan's form of members of the Magdalo
government. faction. Seeing Vicente
Fernandez enraged
4. The formality of the Bonifacio, who
Sequencing of Events conference was disrupted immediately arrested him.
by a quarrel between The Magdalo, on the other
General Apoy and Antonio hand, refused to authorize
Montenegro. Fernandez's arrest.
Recognizing that he had
5. The conflict was quickly little power over the
overcome, and the people of Magdalo,
meeting's chairmanship Bonifacio wrote a letter to
was passed to Supremo Mariano Alvarez,
Andres Bonifacio. describing what had
happened during the
6. Bonifacio then encounter.
proceeded with the
election of officials, 4. Bonifacio was invited to
emphasizing that the Noveleta by Magdiwang.
candidate with the most As he entered the cities,
votes must be the people greeted him
acknowledged and warmly with a parade.
respected as the winner,
regardless of his personal 5. The Katipunan was
situation. defeated by Polavieja due
to the ongoing antagonism
7. After Bonifacio was between the two
elected Secretary of the organizations, which
Interior, a conflict prompted a convention in
developed between him Imus. This assembly,
and Daniel Tirona. Tirona however, produced no
violated the first results because no
arrangement involving consensus was reached
majority votes, humiliating over the type of
Bonifacio. administration that must
be established in the
8. The meeting's outcomes country and whether a new
were declared null and void election is indeed required.
by Bonifacio, effectively
ending the first day of the 6. The Magdiwang
Tejeros Convention. convened yet again
another conference in
9. Baldomero Aguinaldo Tejeros on March 22,
persuaded members of the 1897. Jacinto Lumbreras
Magdiwang to rejoin the presided over the meeting
disruptive meeting in order and began off the topic
to revalidate the election about developing defense
proceedings and make plans to preserve Cavite.
peace with one another.
7. Severino de las Alas
10. The following day, emphasized the
none of the Magdalo importance of the
members attended the Katipunan agreeing on the
meeting. They held their sort of government to be
own conference, and the adopted first before
officials elected at the moving on to the other
Tejeros Convention were agenda.
signed in solemnly without
the participation of the 8. There was discussion
Magdiwang. about whether or not the
Katipunan's established
form of government should
be changed. Lumbreras
called for the meeting to
be adjourned because he
felt the situation was
getting out of hand.

9. After an hour, the

assembly resumed, with
Lumbreras handing up the
chairmanship to Andres
Bonifacio.
 Primary sources give As a secondary source,
original information as well Agoncillo's version already
as firsthand experience. had the primary source to
Probable reasons why Alvarez had nothing to rely instruct the writer on what
there are differences on in writing and was else he could include and
totally based on what he what he could learn more
observed as a convention about.
attendee.

4. Form your internal and external criticisms over the two sources.

➢ Alvarez concentrated mostly on the election; it was precise since there are
conversations between persons; we can truly say that the author was present
throughout the event; he was present when it occurred. He didn't concentrate on
one person, but on the entire. Teodoro Agoncillo centered his attention on
Andres Bonifacio's narrative, his route to the presidency. It is a longer and more
complete description of what happened in the past, addressing every aspect of
the event. As one of the great Filipino historians of the twentieth century, I know
he spent a lot of time researching for this book.

References:

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-the-east-ramon-magsaysay/bs-
medical-technology/comparison-of-gen-alvarez-and-teodoro-agoncillos-accounts-for-the-
tejeros-convention/12265265

https://www.coursehero.com/file/89079030/ACTIVITY-2docx/