Experiment on

Verification of Ohm’s Law

Lab Report - 01
Course Code: EEE-1222
Course Title: Electrical Circuits Sessional

Submitted To

Nafis Subhani
Assistant Professor
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Leading University, Sylhet.

Submitted By

Sayed Nasim
ID: 0182210012101072
Batch - 59 Section - B
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Leading University, Sylhet.

Date of Submission: 26th September, 2022

Experiment No: 01

Experiment Title: Ohm’s Law Experiment.

Subject: To verify Ohm’s Law experimentally, verify the relationship between current, voltage
and resistance in a circuit.

Theory:
One of the most basic and important laws of electric circuits is Ohm’s law.
Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant.
Mathematically, this current-voltage relationship is written as,
𝐕 = 𝐈𝐑
In the equation, the constant of proportionality, R, is called Resistance and has units of ohms.
The same formula can be rewritten in order to calculate the current and resistance respectively
as follows:
𝐕
𝐈=
𝐑
𝐕
𝐑=
𝐈

Ohm’s law only holds true if the provided temperature and the other physical factors remain
constant.

Lab Equipment:
1. 2 Resistor.
2. DC power supply.
3. Multi-meter.
4. Bread board.

Methodology:
1. First check the resistance of the resistor given by the instructor and note it.
2. Then, set up the following circuit shown below in (Figure 01), using a power supply, a
multi-meter and a resistor of 50 ohm.
 Figure: 01

3. Then, connect the circuit with power supply.

4. Next, change the output voltage of the power supply from 5 V to 10 V in the increment
of 1 V and record the readings of the current (I) by multi-meter and note the data in
table no 1.
5. Repeat this procedure for another resistor (100 ohm) from resistor box. Note the data
in table no 2.
6. Find the resistor value by calculating each data through this equation

𝐕
𝐑=
𝐈
7. Note the average value of resistance.
8. Then, we do the graph of the voltage V versus the electric I for each resistor.

Data Table:
Table 1
SL Resistor, R Voltage, V (v) Current, I (A) Rexp = V/I (Ω)
1 5 0.09 55.5
2 6 0.12 50
3 45.8 Ω 7 0.14 50
4 (50 Ω) 8 0.16 50
5 9 0.18 50
6 10 0.21 47.62

Table 2
SL Resistor, R Voltage, V (v) Current, I (A) Rexp = V/I (Ω)
1 5 0.04 125
2 6 0.05 120
3 96.5 Ω 7 0.06 116.67
4 (100 Ω) 8 0.07 114.29
5 9 0.08 112.5
6 10 0.09 111.11
Data Analysis:
𝛁𝐕
𝐑=
𝛁𝐈
1. From table 1: For 45.8 Ω resistor, the experimental value from the graph is 41.66 Ω.
2. From table 2: For 96.5 Ω resistor, the experimental value from the graph is 100 Ω.

Discussion:
In this experiment, we observed the relation among voltage, resistor & current flow. As the
voltage increases the current flow increases. while current flow decreases if the value of resistor
increases. Which is in condition with Ohm's law. Also, the experimental findings are very close
to the theoretical values. But tiny discrepancy is present due to the limitation of the experiment
equipment. We took cautions on several things to get the precise measurement. We avoided
connecting the resistors to the power supply for long as they get heated and show inaccurate
value.
 Experiment on

Verification of Voltage Divider Rule and Current Divider Rule

Lab Report - 02
Course Code: EEE-1222
Course Title: Electrical Circuits Sessional

Submitted To

Nafis Subhani
Assistant Professor
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Leading University, Sylhet.

Submitted By

Sayed Nasim
ID: 0182210012101072
Batch - 59 Section - B
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Leading University, Sylhet.

Date of Submission: 26th September, 2022

Experiment No: 02

Experiment Title: The Verification of Voltage Divider Rule and Current Divider Rule.

Part 1

Subject: Test the voltage divider rule in a series circuit in lab experiment.

Lab Equipment:
1. DC power supply.
2. 2 resistors of different values.
3. Multi-meter.
4. Bread board.

Theory:
An outgrowth of Kirchhoff Voltage Law is the voltage divider rule (VDR). In a series
connection, the current is the same through each component. Thus, the voltage drops in a series
connection must be directly proportional to the size of the resistances: the larger the resistor,
the larger its voltage, and the larger its share of the total voltage applied to the series connection.
Thus, the voltage across any resistor must equal the net supplied voltage times the ratio of the
resistor of interest to the total resistance.

𝑽
Current, 𝑰 = 𝑹𝟏+𝑹𝟐

Voltage, V= I(R1+R2)
𝑹𝟏
Voltage across R1, 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑽
𝑹𝟏+𝑹𝟐
𝑹𝟐
Voltage across R2, 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑹𝟏+𝑹𝟐 𝑽

Methodology:
1. First check the value of the resistors and note it.
2. Then, we have to connect the circuit according to this picture below (Figure 01) in a
series connection.
 Figure: 01

3. After that we connect the power supply to the main circuit.

4. Take the voltage of the power supply to 10 V.
5. Connect the multi-meter to the edge of each resistor and note the voltage reading for
both the resistors individually. Note it down.
6. Change the resistors in circuit board and repeat step 5 again.
7. Analyze the data using the formula of VDR given in the theory.

Data Table:

Voltage Resistance Voltage VR1 + VR2

R1 = 1.96 Ω VR1 = 3.4V
V = 10V R2 = 3.75 Ω VR2 = 6.6V 10V

Discussion:
From this experiment we found, when the resistors are connected in series, the voltage across
each resistor varies. But the current flow doesn't change. Also, the summation of the voltages
across each resistor is equal to the supply voltage. The experimental findings are very close to
the theoretical data. We conducted the experiment with caution. First, we checked whether the
devices were working properly, and we measured the values several times to get the precise
value.
 Part 2

Subject: Test the current divider rule in a parallel circuit in lab experiment.

Lab Equipment:
1. DC power supply.
2. 2 resistors of different values.
3. Multi-meter.
4. Bread board.

Theory:
The current divider rule allows us to calculate the current flowing through each parallel
resistance as a percentage of the total current. Current Divider Rule in parallel circuits, the
current will divide into the parallel connection. The Current Divider Rule states that when
resistors are connected in a parallel circuit the current of any branch will be a fraction of the
total current.
The amount of current passing through each branch is dependent on the amount of resistance
the (I) current will experience as it travels along a branch with less resistance resulting in
greater current. This rule can be expressed with these formulas:
For parallel circuit:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Equivalent resistance; = 𝐑𝟏 + 𝐑𝟐
𝐑𝐞𝐪

𝐕
Total current; 𝐈𝐬 = 𝐑𝐞𝐪
𝟏
𝐑𝟏
For R1, 𝐈𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟏 ∗ 𝐈𝐬
+
𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐

𝟏
𝐑𝟐
For R2, 𝐈𝟐 = 𝟏 𝟏 ∗ 𝐈𝐬
+
𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐

Methodology:
1. First, we have to check the value of the resistor and note it.
2. Then we have to connect the circuit according to figure 02 below.
 Figure: 02

3. After that we connect the power supply to the main circuit.

4. Take the voltage of the power supply to 5V. Note the main current shown in the
multi-meter.
5. Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit.
6. Check the current for every resistor. And note the data.
7. Calculate CDR using this formula.

Data Table:

Voltage Total Current, Resistance Current IR1 + IR2

I
R1 = 97.7 Ω IR1 = 0.03 A
V = 10V 0.09 A R2 = 45.8 Ω IR2 = 0.06 A 0.09

Discussion:
Conducting this experiment we found, when the resistors are connected parallelly, the current
flow changes across each resistor. But the voltage stays the same. And the total current is equal
to the summation of current flow across each resistor. We avoided connecting the resistors to
the supply voltage for long as they get heated quickly and show different results.