Analysis and Calculation of The Electromagnetic Field in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On ANSYS
Analysis and Calculation of The Electromagnetic Field in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On ANSYS
Analysis and Calculation of The Electromagnetic Field in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based On ANSYS
Abstract—Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor has the synchronous motor was analyzed and calculated. No-load and
magnet devices with variable shapes and location, so the load electromagnetic field in PM synchronous motor were
electromagnetic field in PM synchronous motor is more complex. obtained. When the PM synchronous motor was loaded, direct
Finite element method (FEM) provides an accurate means of axis and quadrature axis armature reaction magnetic field were
determining the electromagnetic field distribution, with due obtained. Besides, back EMF of PM synchronous motor was
account magnetic saturation characteristics. With the ANSYS, figured out with two different means, and the calculation
the distribution of electromagnetic field in PM synchronous results were compared and analyzed. By back-dealing model of
motor was analyzed and calculated. Through a prototype ANSYS, the pictures of magnetic flux density (B) and
machine, no-load and load electromagnetic field in PM
magnetic vector potential (A) were gained. Back EMF is a
synchronous motor were obtained. When the PM synchronous
motor was loaded, direct axis (d-axis) and quadrature axis (q-
critical parameter of PM synchronous motor. Based on
axis) armature reaction magnetic field were obtained. By back- magnetic flux density and magnetic vector potential, flux
dealing model of ANSYS, the pictures of magnetic flux density linkage can be calculated. Then back EMF of PM synchronous
(B) and magnetic vector potential (A) were gained. Then back motor was figured out with two different means, and the
EMF of PM synchronous motor was figured out with two calculation results were compared and analyzed.
different means, and the calculation results were compared and
analyzed, which are helpful for the design and performance II. MAGNETIC FIELD SOLUTION IN PM SYNCHRONOUS
analysis of PM synchronous motor. MOTOR
Keywords-ANSYS Software; Electromagnetic Field; A. Model of PM Synchronous Motor
Electromotive Force (EMF); Permanent Magnet (PM)
Synchronous Motor In order to simplify the analysis and calculation, some
assumptions about machine model of PM synchronous motor
should be made as follows [2]:
I. INTRODUCTION
(a) Magnetic field is constant in axial direction, so the
Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor has many magnetic field calculation can be simplified 2-D field.
advantages, such as simple structure, small volume and high (b)Ignore external magnetic field of PMSM, namely, the
efficiency. It has been developing rapidly and researching at magnetic filed intensity out of the solving area is zero. The
home and abroad in recent years as the result of the magnetic vector potential along the stator external diameter
development of a new kind of permanent magnet material, circle is zero.
which has high performance and low cost. PM synchronous (c) Permeability of iron core is isotropy.
motor has the magnet devices with variable shapes and Under these assumptions, a typical 3-phase PM
location, so the electromagnetic field in PM synchronous synchronous motor was analyzed using ANSYS software in
[1]
motor is more complex . The conventional magnetic circuit this paper. Fig.1. shows the shapes of the stator and rotor of
method results in a great error for the calculation of the the prototype machine, equipped with a vertical magnetized
magnetic field of a motor with equivalent flux paths. Finite PM rotor and a slotted stator core. The permanent magnets of
element method (FEM) provides an accurate means of the motor are made from Nd-Fe-B, which is mainly made of
determining the magnetic field distribution, with due account Neodymium Iron and Boron, with excellent Energy Product
magnetic saturation characteristics. and high Coercive Force.
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Fig.10 Direct axis component of magnetic flux density
Fig.6. Armature reaction magnetic motive force
Seen from Fig.6, suppose that α equals to 0 degree, III. BACK EMF CALCULATION
equation (1) turns into:
The electromotive force (EMF) of stator winding is critical
iA = I m , iB = iC = − I m 2 (2) to the design and analysis of PM synchronous motor. No-load
In this case, there is only quadrature axis component of the EMF, namely, E0 is induced by no-load air gap flux density.
magnetomotive force. Based on the similar analysis of “no-
load magnetic field”, three phase current density, as described The value of E0 is relative to stator current, motor efficiency
in (2), is applied to the model shown in Fig.2. Using the and the amount of permanent magnets.
ANSYS solving instruction, quadrature axis component of In this paper, two methods based on the evaluation of air
armature reaction magnetic flux line and magnetic flux density gap magnetic flux density Br and magnetic vector potential Az ,
are respectively obtained by Fig.7 and Fig.8.
as shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively, are used to compute
the no-load EMF E0 .
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Fundamental amplitude of air-gap magnetic flux is:
2
Φm = Bm Lef τ = 0.0034Wb Besides, according (5), we can see that the magnetic vector
π potential difference is the magnetic flux between two points
Where Lef is armature available length; τ is the distance per length. Cosine and sinusoidal fundamental wave
coefficient are respectively the half of quadrature axis
between two poles. In this prototype machine, component and direct axis component of fundamental flux
Lef = 90.8mm ; τ = 2π × 90.2 / 2 p = 94.46mm . per pole per length. So the magnetic flux amplitude per pole
Thus no-load EMF is: can be figured out as follows.
Fig.12 magnetic vector potential at stator inner diameter circle and its
fundamental component
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