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  • Variables

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    Zamantha Dae Aquino
    36 views19 pages
    Here are the answers: 1. N 2. I 3. N 4. O 5. N 6. N 7. O 8. O 9. N 10. N

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    Original Title

    2. Variables

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    Here are the answers: 1. N 2. I 3. N 4. O 5. N 6. N 7. O 8. O 9. N 10. N

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    36 views19 pages

    Variables

    Uploaded by

    Zamantha Dae Aquino
    Here are the answers: 1. N 2. I 3. N 4. O 5. N 6. N 7. O 8. O 9. N 10. N

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    GUESS the WORD


    Arrange the following scrambled words
     1. SLEABIRVA
     2. LANONIM
     3. ROIDLAN
     4. NIRETLAV
     5. ARITO
     6. TENDPENED
     7. NIEDENPTNED

    … “the foundations of quantitative


    research are variables, but what are
    variables?”

    A variable is the characteristic or
    attribute of an individual, group,
    educational system, or the
    environment that is of interest in a
    research study. Variables can be
    straightforward and easy to measure,
    such as gender, age, or course of study.
    Continuous and Discrete
    Variables

     CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
    - A variable that can take infinite number on the value
    that can occur within a population.
    - its values can be divided into fractions.
    - ex; age, height, and temperature

     DISCRETE VARIABLE
    - also known as categorical or classificatory variable.
    - any variable that has a limited number of distinct values
    and which cannot be divided into fractions like sex, blood group,
    and number of children in the family.
    Continuous Variables

    Categories/Nature of the Variables
    1. Interval Variable – is a measurement where the
    difference between two values does have meaning.
    1. Ex; The difference between a temperature in 60
    degrees and 50 degrees is the same difference as
    between 30 degrees and 20 degrees. The interval
    between values makes sense and can be interpreted.
    2. Ratio Variable – possesses the properties of interval
    variable and has a clear definition of zero, indication
    that there is none of that variable.
    Continuous Variables

    Categories/Nature of the Variables

    2. Ratio Variable – possesses the properties of interval


    variable and has a clear definition of zero,
    indication that there is none of that variable.
    Ex; height, weight, and distance
    Discrete Variables

    Categories/Nature of the Variables

    1. Nominal Variable
    - is a variable with no quantitative value.
    - it has two or more categories but does not
    imply ordering of cases.

    Ex; eye color, business type, and religion


    * Dichotomous – a sub type of nominal scale with only
    two categories just like sex (e.g. male/female)
    Discrete Variables

    Categories/Nature of the Variables

    2. Ordinal Variable
    - is a variable that has two or more categories which can be
    ranked.
    Ex;
    1. if you asked people if they like listening to music while
    studying and they could answer either “not very much”,
    “much”, or “Very much”
    2. Educational attainment as a variable on a survey (elementary =
    1, high school = 2, college undergraduate = 3, and college
    graduate = 4)
    Variables in terms of Roles


     Dependent variable – a variable that changes because of
    another variable; The dependent variable is the factor that
    is observed and measured to determine the effect of the
    independent variable; the effect or outcome variable.
    Ex; affects test grades
     Independent Variable – A variable that is presumed to
    cause changes in another variable; It is manipulated or
    selected by the experimenter to determine its relationship
    to an observed phenomenon; the causal variable
    Ex; Amount of studying
    Variables in terms of Roles


     Mediating/Intervening Variable – A variable that comes
    in between other variables; helps to delineate the process
    through which variables affect one another. An
    intervening variable is the factor that theoretically effects
    observed phenomena but can not be seen, measured, or
    manipulated
    Ex; amount of studying leads to input and
    organization of knowledge in one’s long term
    memory which affects test grades
    Variables in terms of Roles


     Moderator Variable – A variable that delineates how a
    relationship of interest changes under different
    conditions. The term moderate variable describes a
    special type of independent variable, a secondary
    independent variable selected to determine if it affects
    the relationship between the study’s primary
    independent variable and its dependent variable.
    Ex; Perhaps the relationship between studying and
    test grades changes according to the level of use of a drug
    such as Ritalin
    Variables in terms of Roles


     Control variable: Control variables are factors controlled
    by the experimenter to cancel out or neutralized any
    effect they might otherwise on the observed phenomena.
     A single study can not examine all of the variables in a
    situation (situational variable) or in a person
    (dispositional variable); some must be neutralized to
    guarantee that they will not exert differential or
    moderating effects on the relationship between the
    independent variables and dependent variables.
    Variables in terms of level of
    measurement

     Categorical Variable – a variable that is made up of
    different types of categories of a phenomenon
    ex; gender is made up of two categories, male
    and female
     Quantitative Variable – a variable that varies in
    degree or amount of phenomenon
    ex; annual income varies from 0 to a very high
    level income
    Examples of Variables

    Phenomenon A: Study Habits
    Examples of variables related to Study
    Habits:
    1. Number of hours spent in studying
    2. Study skills
    3. School environment
    4. Home Environment
    Examples of Variables

    Phenomenon B: COVID-19 Pandemic in
    Zamboanga City
    Examples of variables related to COVID-19
    Pandemic in Zamboanga City:
    1. Number of patients with COVID
    2. Number of medical frontlines
    3. Medical supplies
    4. Number of deaths
    Examples of Variables

    Phenomenon C: Poor performance of
    students in the Basic Education Exit
    Assessment (BEEA) Examples of variables
    related to Poor performance:
    1. BEEA score
    2. Number of hours devoted to studying
    3. Number of students in the class
    4. School facilities
    Evaluation


    A. Using Venn Diagram, show the similarities and
    differences between continuous and discrete
    variable.
    continuous discrete independent dependent
    A. Write I if the variable is Interval, N if nominal, R if
    ratio, O if ordinal.
    _____ 1. Military Title

    _____ 2. Temperature in degree Celcius
    _____ 3. Birthplace
    _____ 4. Year Level
    _____ 5. Favorite type of music
    _____ 6. Clothing such as hat, shirt, shoes
    _____ 7. A score in 5-item quiz in math
    _____ 8. Feeling for today
    _____ 9. Means of transportation to school
    _____ 10. How internet is used at home

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