Quarter 4 Week 8: Practical Research 2
Quarter 4 Week 8: Practical Research 2
The term ‘variable’ has been mentioned several times so that it is necessary to
define it here. In research, a variable refers to a “characteristics that has two or more
mutually exclusive values or properties” (Sevilla and Other, 1988). Sex, for instance,
has two properties which are maleness and femaleness. The ages of different persons
have different values; so with their size, height, weight and income. The phenomenon
of variety is what makes life interesting; it is one of the motivating factors of the
research undertaking.
The root word of the word variable is “vary” or simply “can change”. These
variables are among the fundamental concepts of research, alongside with
measurement, validity, reliability, cause and effect; and theory. Bernard (1994) defines
a variable as something that can take more than one value, and values can be words
or numbers.
A variable specifically refers to characteristics, or attribute of an individual or an
organization that can be measured or observed and that varies among the people or
organization being studied (Creswell, 2002).
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ARE YOU TAKING IT?
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a. NOMINAL VARIABLE – It represent categories that cannot be ordered in
any particular way. It is a variable with no quantitative value. It has two or more
categories but does not imply ordering of cases. Common examples of this
variable include eye color, business type, religion, biological sex, political
affiliation, basketball fan affiliation, etc. A sub-type of nominal scale with only
two categories just like sex is known as dichotomous.
KINDS OF VARIABLES
Several experts have lumped together the following as the major kinds of variables:
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if the attitude towards repayment is positive or favorable, loan repayment would
be high.
DO IT!
Activity 3. Directions: Identify the variables and the constant in each research study
presented below. Determine the independent and dependent variable;
then determine whether it is a discrete or continuous variable.
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Research Title: A study on the effects of Covid-10 Pandemic to the study
habits of LNHS-SHS students.
VARIABLES
CONSTANT Independent Discrete / Dependent Discrete /
Continuous Continuous
ACE IT!
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