Day-3: Chemical Equilibrium

Objective
1. For the reaction,
A(g) + 2B(g) 2C(g)
one mole of A and 1.5 mol of B are taken in a 2.0 L vessel. At equilibrium, the concentration of C was
found to be 0.35 M. The equilibrium constant (Kc) of the reaction would be
(a) 0.295 M1 (b) 0.673 M1
(c) 1.178 M 1
(d) 2.36 M1

2. If 0.2 mol of H2(g) and 2.0 mol of S(s) are mixed in a 1.0 L vessel at 90°C, the partial pressure of
H2S(g) formed according to the reaction
H2(g) + S(s) H2S(g) ; Kp at 363 K = 6.78  102
would be
(a) 0.19 atm (b) 0.38 atm
(c) 0.6 atm (d) 6.8  102 atm/(0.2  2)

3. The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction,

SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3(g) + NO(g)
is 16. If 1 mol of each of all the four gases is taken in 1 dm3 vessel, the equilibrium concentration of NO
would be
(a) 0.4 M (b) 0.6 M
(c) 1.4 M (d) 1.6 M

4. In the reaction 2X(g) + Y(g) Z(g) + 80 cals, which of the following combination of pressure and
temperature gives the better yield of Z at equilibrium?
(a) 500 atm and 100°C (b) 100 atm and 100°C
(c) 500 atm and 500°C (d) 100 atm and 500°C

5. Solubility of a gas in liquid increases on

(a) addition of a catalyst (b) increasing the pressure
(c) decreasing the pressure (d) increasing temperature

6. If in the reaction, N2O4(g) 2NO2(g),  is the degree of dissociation of N2O4, then the number of
moles at equilibrium will be
(a) 3 (b) c(1  )
(c) c(1  )2 (d) c(1 + )

7. For the reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) at 500°C, the value of Kp is 1.44  105. What will be the
value of Kp at low pressure when the gases are behaving almost ideally?
(a) 1.44  105 (b) (0.082  773)2  1.44  105
(c) 1.44  10  (0.082  500)
5 2
(d) 1.44  105  (0.082  773)3

8. For the reversible system X(g) Y(g) + Z(g), a quantity of X was heated at constant pressure P at a
certain temperature. The equilibrium partial pressure of X was found to be P/7. What is the value of Kp
at given temperature
(a) 6P/7 (b) 9P/7
(c) 36P/7 (d) 6P

9. If 1.0 mole of I2 is introduced into 1.0 litre flask at 1000 K, at equilibrium (Kc = 106), which of the
following is correct?
(a) [I2(g)] >> [I(g)] (b) [I2(g)] < [I(g)]
(c) [I2(g) = [I(g)] (d) [I2(g) = ½ [I(g)]
10. 2 mole of PCl5 were heated in a closed vessel of 2 litre capacity. At equilibrium, 40% of PCl5 is
dissociated into PCl3 and Cl2. The value of the equilibrium constant (KC) for the dissociation equilibrium
of PCl5 is
(a) 0.267 (b) 0.53
(c) 2.63 (d) 5.3

11. Kc for A + B C + D, is 10 at 25°C. If a container contains 1, 2, 3, 4 mol per litre of A, B, C and D

respectively at 25°C, the reaction shall
(a) Proceed from left to right (b) Proceed from right to left
(c) Be at equilibrium (d) None of these

12. HI was heated in a sealed tube at 444°C. Till the equilibrium was reached, HI was
found to be 22% decomposed. The equilibrium constant for dissociation reaction,
2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g) at 444°C is
(a) 0.282 (b) 0.0796
(c) 0.0199 (d) 1.99

13. 2 mole N2 and 3 mole H2 gas are allowed to react in a 20 L flask at 400 K and after complete
conversion of H2 into NH3, 10 L H2O was added and temperature reduced to
300 K. Pressure of the gas after reaction is
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
(a) 3R  300/20 (b) 3R  300/10
(c) R  300/20 (d) R  300/10

14. 40% of a mixture of 0.2 mol of N2 and 0.6 mol of H2 react to give NH3 according to the equation, N2(g) +
3H2(g) 2NH3(g) at constant temperature and pressure. Then the ratio of the final volume to the
initial volume of gases are
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 5 : 4
(c) 7 : 10 (d) 8 : 5

15. In an aqueous solution of volume 500 mL, when the reaction, 2Au3+ + 3Cu Cu2+ + 2Au reached
equilibrium, the [Cu ] was x M. When 500 mL of water is further added at the equilibrium, [Cu2+] will be
2+

(a) 2x M (b) x M
(c) between x/2 M and x M (d) less than x/2 M
16. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
at 1000 K is 3.5. What would be the partial pressure of oxygen gas, if the equilibrium is found to have
equal moles of SO2 and SO3?
(a) 0.285 atm (b) 3.5 atm
(c) 0.35 atm (d) 1.87 atm

17. Equilibrium constant for the reaction,

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
at 127°C in one litre container is 8.21  103 atm. Moles of CO2 at equilibrium is
(a) 5  104 (b) 3.5  104
(c) 2.5  104 (d) 7  104

18. For the reaction,

NH2COONH4(s) 2NH3(g) + CO2(g)
The equilibrium constant Kp = 2. 9  105 atm3 at T K. The total pressure of gases at equilibrium when
1.0 mole of reactant was heated at T K will be
(a) 0.0194 atm (b) 0.0388 atm
(c) 0.058 atm (d) 0.0667 atm
19. Van’t Hoff equation giving the effect of temperature on chemical equilibrium is
represented as
d ln F H d ln K p HT 2
(a) = (b) =
dT RT 2 dT R
d ln K p H d ln K p RT 2
(c) = (d) =
dT RT 2 dT H

20. Given: A  B + C, H = 10 kcals, the energy of activation of backward reaction is

15 kcals mol1. If the energy of a activation of forward reaction in the presence of a catalyst is 3 kcal
mol1 the catalyst will increase the rate of reaction at 300 K by the number of times equal to
(a) e3.33 (b) e4.21
(c) e2.7 (d) e2.303

21. In the preparation of CaO from CaCO3 using the equilibrium,

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Kp is expressed as
8500
log Kp = 7.282  , where T in Kelvin.
T
What is value of Kp at temperature 1167 K?
(a) 10 atm (b) 2 atm
(c) 1 atm (d) zero
22. To the system,
LaCl3(s) + H2O(g) LaClO(s) + 2HCl(g)  heat
already at equilibrium, more water vapour is added without altering T or V of the system. When
equilibrium is reestablished, the pressure of water vapour is doubled. The pressure of HCl present in
the system increases by a factor of
(a) 2 (b) 21/2
(c) 3 (d) 4

23. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the decomposition reaction,
N2O4 2NO2
is expressed by
4 x 2P
Kp =
(1  x 2 )
where P = pressure, x = extent of decomposition. Which one of the following statement is true?
(a) Kp increases with increase of P (b) Kp increases with increase of x
(c) Kp increases with decrease of x (d) Kp remains constant with change in P and x

 1  1
24. AO   A 2 +  O 2 ; K = 5 × 105
2 2
 1  1
BO  B 2 +  O 2 ; K = 1.10 × 1012
2 2
 1  1
CO  C 2 +  O 2 ; K = 2.3 × 1018
2 2
 1  1
DO  D 2 +  O 2 ; K = 1.4 × 1021
2 2
which oxide is most stable?
(a) AO (b) BO
(c) CO (d) DO
25. When 20 g of CaCO3 were put into 10 litre flask and heated to 800°C, 35% of CaCO3 remained
unreacted at equilibrium. What would be the Kp for decomposition of CaCO3?
(a) 2.145 atm (b) 1.145 atm
(c) 0.145 atm (d) 0.314 atm

Subjective
1. When sulphur in the form of gaseous S8 is heated at 900 K, the initial pressure of
1 atmosphere falls by 29% at equilibrium. This is because of conversion of some S8 to S2. Find the Kp
for reaction.

2. When 3.06 g of solid NH4HS is introduced into a two litre evacuated flask at 27°C, 30% of the solid
decomposes into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. (i) Calculate Kc and Kp for the reaction at
27°C. (ii) What would happen to equilibrium when more solid NH4HS is introduced into the flask?
3. For the exothermic formation of sulphur trioxide from sulphur dioxide and oxygen in the gas phase,
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3 (g)
Kp = 40.5 atm at 900 K and H =  198 kJ.
1

(i) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the reaction.
(ii) At room temperature ( ~ 300 K), will Kp be greater than, less than or equal to Kp at 900 K?
(iii) How will the equilibrium be affected if the volume of the vessel containing three gases is reduced,
keeping the temperature constant?
(iv) What is the effect of adding 1 mole of He(g) to a flask containing SO2, O2 and SO3 at equilibrium at
constant temperature.
4. A mixture of one mole of CO2 and one mole of H2 attains equilibrium at a temperature of 250°C and a
total pressure of 0.1 atm for the change CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g). Calculate Kp if the
analysis of final reaction mixture showed 0.16 volume percent of CO.
5. If the decomposition reaction,
4HNO3(g) 4NO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + O2(g)
is started with pure HNO3, then show that
1024 (PO2 )
7

Kp =
(P  7PO 2 )4

where P is the total pressure at equilibrium and PO 2 is the partial pressure of O2 at equilibrium.

6. What amount (i.e. number of moles) of phosphorus pentachloride must be added to 1.0 L vessel at
250°C to obtain a concentration of 0.1 mol of chlorine per litre?
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ; K p = 1.80 atm

7. Calculate the total pressure at 400°C that must be applied to a mixture of three parts of hydrogen and
one part of nitrogen by volume to give a mixture containing 10% ammonia by volume at equilibrium.
Given: N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH2(g) Kp = 1.60  104 bar2 at 400°C.
8. Solid ammonium carbamate dissociates to give ammonia and carbondioxide as follows,
NH2COONH4(s) 2NH3(g) + CO2(g)
At equilibrium, ammonia is added such that the partial pressure of NH3 at the new equilibrium equals
the original total pressure. Calculate the ratio of total pressure now to the original total pressure.
9. 0.96 g of HI in a vessel were heated to attain equilibrium, 2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g).
The equilibrium mixture is freezed and the reaction mixture on titration requires 15.7 ml of N/10 hypo
solution. Calculate degree of dissociation of HI.

10. An equilibrium mixture CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) present in a vessel of one litre capacity at
815°C was found by analysis to contain 0.4 mole of CO, 0.3 mole of H2O,
 0.2 mole of CO2 & 0.6 mole of H2. (a) Calculate Kc. (b) If it is desired to increase the concentration of
CO to 0.6 mole by adding CO2 to the vessel, how many moles must be added into equilibrium mixture
at constant temperature in order to get this change.

11. 0.15 mol of CO taken in a 2.5 L flask is maintained at 705 K along with a catalyst so that the following
reaction takes place
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
Hydrogen is introduced until the total pressure of the system is 8.5 atmosphere at equilibrium and 0.08
mol of methanol is formed. Calculate (a) Kp and Kc and (b) the final pressure if the same amount of CO
and H2 as before are used, but with no catalyst so that the reaction does not take place.

12. At a certain temperature, Kp for dissociation of solid CaCO3 is 4  102 atm and for the reaction, C(s) +
CO2(g) 2CO(g) is 2.0 atm respectively. Calculate the pressure of CO at this temperature when
solid C, CaO, CaCO3 are mixed and allowed to attain equilibrium.

13. The equilibrium constant (Kp) of the reaction,

2SO2(g)+ O2(g) 2SO3(g)
is 900 atm at 800 K. A mixture containing SO3 and O2 having initial pressure of 1 atm
1

and 2 atm respectively, is heated at constant volume to equilibriate. Calculate the partial pressure of
each gas at 800 K at equilibrium.

14. 73.8 g of SrCO3 was placed in a 10 litre container at 127° C. After some time, excess of graphite was
added in the container, when equilibrium, C(s) + CO2 (g) 2CO(g) is then established. The Kp for
SrCO3(s) SrO(s) + CO2(g) is 2 atm at 127°C and the total pressure of gases in the container is 3
atm at 127°C, calculate Kp for the equilibrium,
C(s) + CO2 (g) 2CO(g).

15. When gaseous NO and NO2 are mixed in a vessel of ‘V’ litre capacity, following equililbria are readily
attained at temperature T K.
2NO2(g) N2O4(g) ; Kp = 6.8 atm1
1

NO(g) + NO2(g) N2O3(g)

In an experiment when NO and NO2 are mixed in the ratio of 1 : 2, the final total pressure was 5.05 atm
and the partial pressure of N2O4 was 1.7 atm. Calculate
(a) the equilibrium partial pressure of NO and
(b) Kp for the second equilibrium
 Objective
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)

6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)

11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c)

16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)

21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (b)
Subjective
1. 2.55 atm 3

2. (i) KC = 8.1  105 M2, Kp = 4.91  102 atm2 (ii) No effect.

PSO3 2 (ii) K
PSO2  2 PO2 
3. (i) P(300K) > KP(900K) (iii) Concentration of SO2 and O2 increases

(iv) No effect at constant volume but at constant pressure, backward reaction will occur.

4. 1.03  105

5. 0.14

6. 0.341 mol

7. 30.05 bar

8. 31/27

9. 0.21

10. (a) 1 (b) 0.75

11. (a) KP = 0.04513 atm2, KC = 150.85 (mol L1)2 (b) 12.20 atm

12. 0.28

13. PSO3 = 0.976 atm, PSO2 = 0.0236 atm, PO 2 = 2.0118 atm

14. KP = 25.97 atm

15. PNO = 1.05 atm, Kp = 3.43 atm

1
2