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STS02465
STS02465
February 2012
PIP STS02465
Augered Cast-in-Place Piles Installation Specification
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial
users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements
into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the
purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to
incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve
requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice.
Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the
Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be made solely on
information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should
not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the
trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be
substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with
applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these
Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations,
such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before
applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.
© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas
at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member Companies
and Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or modifications of any
kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of
PIP. Authorized Users may attach addenda or overlays to clearly indicate modifications or
exceptions to specific sections of PIP Practices. Authorized Users may provide their clients,
suppliers and contractors with copies of the Practice solely for Authorized Users’ purposes.
These purposes include but are not limited to the procurement process (e.g., as attachments to
requests for quotation/ purchase orders or requests for proposals/contracts) and preparation
and issue of design engineering deliverables for use on a specific project by Authorized
User’s client. PIP’s copyright notices must be clearly indicated and unequivocally
incorporated in documents where an Authorized User desires to provide any third party with
copies of the Practice.
PRINTING HISTORY
April 1999 Issued
February 2012 Complete Revision
PIP STS02465
Augered Cast-in-Place Piles Installation Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................2 Data Forms
1.1 Purpose ..............................................2
STS02465-D – Augered Cast-in-Place Pile
1.2 Scope .................................................2
Installation Record (U.S. Customary
Units)
2. References ..................................2 STS02465-DM – Augered Cast-in-Place Pile
2.1 Industry Codes and Standards ..........2
Installation Record (Metric Units)
2.2 Government Regulations and
Documents .........................................3
3. Definitions ...................................3
4. Requirements ..............................4
4.1 General...............................................4
4.2 Meetings .............................................5
4.3 Design of ACIP Piles ..........................6
4.4 Submittals ..........................................7
4.5 Materials ...........................................10
4.6 Equipment ........................................12
4.7 Execution .........................................15
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides the constructor with requirements for the installation of augered
cast-in-place (ACIP) piles.
1.2 Scope
This Practice describes the requirements for furnishing and installing ACIP piles. Probe
piles and pile load tests are included and shall be executed in accordance with this
specification when required.
2. References
Applicable parts of the following industry codes and standards and government regulations shall be
considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award shall be
used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein where appropriate.
– ASTM C942 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
– ASTM D1143/D1143M - Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under
Static Axial Compressive Load
– ASTM D3689 - Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Static Axial
Tensile Load
– ASTM D3966 - Standard Test Method for Piles under Lateral Loads
– ASTM D4945 - Standard Test Method for High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Deep
Foundations
– ASTM D5882 - Standard Test Method for Low Strain Impact Integrity Testing of
Deep Foundations
– ASTM D6760 - Standard Test Method for Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep
Foundations by Ultrasonic Crosshole Testing
Deep Foundations Institute (DFI)
– TM-ACIP-1 - Augered Cast-In-Place Piles Manual (Second Ed. 2003)
– TM-ACIP-2 - Augered Cast-In-Place Piles Inspector’s Guide (Second Ed. 2010)
2.2 Government Regulations and Documents
Requirements of state or local agencies that have jurisdiction where the piles are placed
shall apply, as well as the requirements set forth in the regulations listed.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
– OSHA 29 CFR 1926 - Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
3. Definitions
constructor: The party responsible for supplying the materials, equipment, tools, supervision, and
labor for the installation of the ACIP piles in accordance with the contract documents. The term
constructor shall apply also to the constructor’s subcontractor(s) and vendor(s).
contract documents: Any and all documents, including codes, studies, design drawings,
specifications, sketches, practices, and data sheets, that the purchaser or engineer of record has
transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of
the legal contract agreement or purchase order between the purchaser and the constructor
geotechnical engineer: The professional engineer responsible for performing the geotechnical
investigation and/or geotechnical consulting during foundation design, construction of civil
works, installation of foundations, or other services as required by the owner, purchaser or
engineer of record
inspector: Third party inspector retained by the constructor, responsible for observation and
recording of material verification, pile installation, and other quality control documentation.
(This is not the qualified geotechnical representative.)
owner: The party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement over the
site, facility, structure or project wherein the ACIP piles will be installed
professional engineer: An engineer, other than the engineer of record licensed as defined by the
laws of the locality in which the project is to be constructed and qualified to practice in the
specialty discipline required for the work described in the contract documents
purchaser: The party who awards the contract to the constructor. The purchaser may be the owner
or the owner’s authorized agent.
4. Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Constructor shall have a minimum of five years experience in successful
installation of ACIP piles under similar job and subsurface conditions. The
constructor’s supervisor shall have a minimum of five years of method-specific
experience and shall be present at all times during the installation of the piles.
4.1.2 Constructor shall review the data from subsurface investigations. The purchaser
shall be provided data from any additional investigations performed by the
constructor.
4.1.3 Engineer of record shall immediately be notified in writing of any situations
detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work.
4.1.4 Engineer of record, geotechnical engineer, qualified geotechnical representative or
purchaser shall have the right to make inspections and tests at any time. The
constructor shall cooperate with the purchaser in the performance of this work.
4.1.5 Qualified geotechnical representative shall be present during all installation
activities. The presence of the qualified geotechnical representative shall in no
way relieve the constructor of any obligation to perform the pile installation in
accordance with the contract documents.
4.1.6 Engineer of record shall be notified no less than three working days before
installation or testing of piles.
4.1.7 Engineer of record, geotechnical engineer, or qualified geotechnical
representative shall determine the acceptability of the piles and may reject piles
that do not meet all the requirements of this Practice.
4.1.8 Rejected piles shall be corrected or replaced as directed by the engineer of record.
All corrective work shall be performed at no additional cost to the purchaser.
4.1.9 Grout test specimens shall be made according to ASTM C109/C109M standard
test method.
4.1.10 Constructor shall visit the site before equipment mobilization to identify
overhead and horizontal obstructions and to verify that pile installation
equipment can access pile locations at the site.
4.1.11 Piles shall be installed in accordance with published recommended practices as
approved by the geotechnical engineer, or in accordance with the procedure
established and proven by a successful pile load test as determined by the
geotechnical engineer.
4.2 Meetings
4.2.1 Pre-award Meeting
A pre-award meeting, attended by the constructor, purchaser, engineer of record,
geotechnical engineer, qualified geotechnical representative, and inspector, shall
be held to discuss topics such as the following:
a. Safety requirements including safety inspection of cranes to be used for pile
installation
b. Site entry procedures
c. Available subsurface information
d. Underground utility identification and location
e. Survey for elevation and location of piles
f. Grout submittal, delivery and placement requirements
g. Excavated materials disposal
h. Action required if potentially contaminated soil is encountered
i. Planning for integrity testing, load testing, and inspection
j. Test pile installation and procedures. Qualification and experience of the
operator(s) to be assigned on the job for installation of production piles
k. Project pile specification review
l. Grout pump calibration and computation of minimum required pump strokes
m. Procedures for drilling the piles
n. Procedures for grout placement
o. Procedures for re-drilling and re-grouting piles
p. Procedures for finishing pile tops to final grade (topping off or bailing grout
below ground surface)
q. Chain of communication for piles not meeting specification requirements
r. Responsibility for required reports
4.2.2 Pre-construction Meeting
4.2.2.1 Pre-construction meeting shall be held immediately before start of work.
This meeting shall be attended by the people assigned to the work who
are ultimately responsible for the actual field pile installation work.
These include the constructor, inspector, field superintendent, foremen,
operators, installation crew, and grout supplier. The topics addressed
shall include those listed below and shall go into greater detail on actual
installation practices (i.e. grout pump installation, rebar spacers, rebar
cage handling, and other functional topics). The project specifications
shall be reviewed with the construction crew to ensure full understanding
of the requirements. The purchaser, engineer of record, qualified
geotechnical representative, and geotechnical engineer, shall also attend
to discuss or explain topics.
4.2.2.2 Pre-construction Meeting Topics List:
a. Safety requirements
b. Site entry procedures
c. Available subsurface information
d. Underground utility identification and location
e. Survey for elevation and location of piles
f. Grout submittal and placement requirements
g. Excavated materials disposal
h. Action required if potentially contaminated soil is encountered
i. Testing and inspection
j. Test pile installation and procedures
k. Review project pile specification
l. Grout pump calibration and computation of minimum required
pump strokes
m. Procedures for drilling the piles including pile spacing requirements
n. Procedures for grout placement
o. Procedures for re-drilling and re-grouting piles
p. Procedures for installation of reinforcing cages, center reinforcing
bars, centralizers, and NDT access tubes
q. Procedures for finishing pile tops to final grade (topping off or
bailing grout below ground surface, setting top forms, also known
as “cut-off”)
r. Chain of communication for piles not meeting specification
requirements
s. Responsibility for required reports
Comment: See DFI TM-ACIP-2 for more information and commentary
on the pre-construction meeting.
4.3 Design of ACIP Piles
Design of ACIP piles will be furnished to the constructor in the contract documents.
4.4 Submittals
4.4.1 Pre-construction Submittals
The following items shall be submitted to the engineer of record for approval.
Work shall not proceed without approval. Submittals are due at least fourteen
calendar days before mobilization begins:
a. Description of the pile drilling and pumping equipment to be used on the
project, including the hollow stem auger, drill bit, leads/torque arm, drive
box (horsepower, weight, and torque), hydraulic power unit, torque
converter, grout pump, and safety inspection report of crane(s) to be utilized
at site for pile installation
b. Description of anticipated production in linear feet (meter) of completed
piling per rig, per day
c. Proposed grout mix, admixtures, and descriptions of grout components.
Grout mix proportioning and compliance verification shall be in accordance
with ACI 301/ACI 301M.
d. Drawings indicating the arrangement of the pile static load test and all design
calculations, if applicable. A professional engineer shall seal the drawings
and calculations. Calibrations of load-cell and jack/jack manometer shall
also be included. Calibrations shall be current for the project under this
contract only and shall be performed immediately before equipment is
brought to the site.
e. Descriptions and calibrations of the dynamic loading equipment and
qualifications of the testing technicians, when applicable
f. Permits as required by the contract documents
g. Piling plan layout referenced to the drawings, including a numbering system
capable of identifying each individual pile
h. Certified mill test reports for reinforcing steel, when applicable
i. Complete pile installation procedure in accordance with the project
specifications, this practice, and the DFI manuals referenced above.
Installation procedures and equipment shall be the same as those used to
install the test piles. Constructor shall notify the engineer of record
immediately if the pile installation procedure and/or equipment are changed
for any reason.
j. Details of methods to be used for centering reinforcing in the piles
k. Written statement that mobilized equipment will be capable of accessing the
location and installing the ACIP piles at the required location and depth in
accordance with the contract documents
l. Checked reinforcement bar fabrication drawings showing details of splice
length for vertical bars and tie details
m. Drawing and written description of teeth design and material, and picture of
the rock-cutting bit to be used if applicable
n. Descriptions of automated installation-monitoring equipment
o. Descriptions of low strain pulse echo (LPSE) integrity testing equipment and
procedures and qualifications of testing technician if specified as a
responsibility of the constructor
4.4.2 Construction Submittals
4.4.2.1 Inspector shall prepare a pile installation record using the attached data
form PIP STS02465-D or PIP STS02465-DM (as applicable) for each
pile and provide to the qualified geotechnical representative for
immediate review. Inspector shall distribute one copy each to: the
constructor, the purchaser, the engineer of record, and the geotechnical
engineer within two working days of installation. The inspector shall
record the following information at a minimum:
a. Pile number
b. Project name, number, and location
c. Name of constructor
d. Date of installation, weather conditions, and temperature
e. Pile inspector’s name and signature
f. Rig: identification number, model number and operator’s name
g. Grout supplier, grout truck number, grout ticket number, time grout
was batched, grout truck arrival time on-site, batch volume (Load)
h. Amount and type of admixture(s) added to each grout truck on-site
i. Amount of water added to each grout truck on-site
j. Grout mix number, grout sampling time, grout temperature
k. Flow cone time in seconds [Cone orifice diameter is 3/4 inch
(20 mm) as required by specification]
l. Grout cube /cylinder sets made by the inspector with time and
identification
m. Drawing numbers of pile detail and pile location
n. Design pile diameter
o. Auger diameter (note actual diameter each time measured in field)
p. Auger pitch (note actual pitch each time measured in field; average
the measured length between a minimum of six auger flights)
q. Ground surface elevation
r. Pile top elevation (cut-off)
s. Design tip of pile elevation
t. As-built length of pile
u. Alignment of crane leads (vertical or battered with angle)
v. Augering start time (pile excavation began)
4.4.2.3 Constructor shall submit an electronic QA/QC spreadsheet that links the
pile installation records with cube strength values and other test results.
The spreadsheet should be updated daily during ACIP pile installation
and on receipt of cube strength or other test results.
4.4.2.4 Constructor shall submit to the purchaser a printed copy of the automated
measuring and recording equipment output as required by 4.4.3, and
shall provide a copy with the pile installation record required by 4.4.2.1.
4.4.2.5 Inspector shall notify the constructor immediately of any concerns
regarding the pile installation, and shall document the concern on the pile
installation record.
4.4.2.6 Geotechnical engineer shall review and approve the inspector’s qualifications.
4.4.2.7 Geotechnical engineer shall review the inspection records within 4
business days of pile installation. Any deficiencies identified in the pile
installation record shall be resolved; such resolution may include testing
as specified by the geotechnical engineer.
4.4.3 Automated Instrumentation and Monitoring Submittal
4.4.3.1 Constructor shall submit to the purchaser information describing the
automated instrumentation and monitoring equipment to be used for all
piles on the job.
4.4.3.2 As a minimum the submittal shall contain the following information:
a. Manufacturer and model of the equipment and components.
b. Description of the equipment function
c. Sample of the information and printout provided
d. Certification that the equipment can measure the parameters desired
by the engineer of record and by the constructor
e. Operating manual of the equipment.
4.5 Materials
All furnished materials and proprietary items shall be subject to engineer of record’s
approval and shall be installed in accordance with the contract documents.
4.5.1 Portland Cement
Portland cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C150/C150M with type of
cement as specified in the contract documents.
4.5.2 Mineral Admixtures
Mineral admixtures, if specified shall be in accordance with ASTM C618, Class C
or Class F as specified in the contract documents.
4.5.3 Chemical Admixtures
4.5.3.1 Chemical admixtures shall be in accordance with ASTM C494/C494M
and ACI 212.3R, and shall be approved by the engineer of record.
4.5.3.2 Air entraining admixtures shall not be used.
4.6.1.3 Data shall include grout pressure and grout volume (obtained via
magnetic flow meter) versus both depth and time and shall include angle
of pile installation.
4.6.1.4 Minimum specified grout ratio or volume per unit pile length
measurement shall be clearly displayed to guide the constructor and
purchaser during pile installation.
4.6.1.5 Monitoring equipment shall also record auger rotation and hydraulic
torque drive pressures.
4.6.1.6 Automated instrumentation and monitoring equipment shall be calibrated
to ensure recording data within +/-3% tolerance of the unit measured
whether volume, length, pressure or torque at the start of work and every
month thereafter.
4.6.1.7 Display device(s) shall be supplied for data monitoring by constructor
and purchaser during installation of each pile for depth increments not to
exceed 2 ft (0.6 m). Alternatively, the operator can provide an
immediate printout of the pile details for field evaluation to determine if
re-drilling is necessary.
4.6.1.8 Printed results shall be provided to the inspector and purchaser
immediately following completion of each pile. The electronic data shall
be furnished in spreadsheet, raw data, and in plot formats.
4.6.1.9 Automated instrumentation and monitoring equipment shall be provided
in accordance with the requirements of this specification for all pile
installations except those installed using limited access/low-overhead
equipment.
4.6.1.10 Measurements made by the automated measuring and recording
equipment shall include as a minimum:
a. Auger rotation vs. depth for every 2-ft (0.6-m) increment, or less, of
pile advancement during the drilling process, and during placement
of grout or concrete (if auger is rotated during this placement)
b. Volume of grout or concrete placed versus depth of outlet orifice for
every 2-ft (0.6-m) increment, or less, of pile placed
c. Average maximum and minimum pump stroke pressures at ground
level for every 2-ft (0.6-m) increment, or less, of pile placed
d. Average maximum and minimum pump stroke pressure at or near
the auger head for every 2-ft (0.6-m) increment, or less, of pile
placed, if directed by the engineer of record
e. Additionally, the engineer of record may also specify that the torque
and crowd force (downward thrust on auger) measurements be
made at every 2-ft (0.6-m) increment, or less, of pile advancement
during the drilling process.
4.7.1.3 Sufficient quantity of grout to complete a pile shall be available at the site
or in transit before pile installation begins. No open holes are permitted.
4.7.2 Construction Tolerances
4.7.2.1 Pile centers shall be located within a tolerance of +/- 3 in (75 mm) of the
locations shown in the contract documents.
4.7.2.2 Vertical piles shall be plumb within 2%.
4.7.2.3 Battered piles shall be installed to within 4% of the specified batter.
4.7.2.4 Reinforcing cages or center bars shall have a minimum of 3 in (75 mm)
clearance from the wall of the augered hole.
4.7.3 Adjacent Piles
4.7.3.1 Piles shall not be placed within six pile diameters, center to center, of
adjacent piles containing grout that has set for less than twelve hours.
4.7.3.2 The approximate time of initial set shall be determined by the inspector
using a simple “cup test” in the field. . The inspector shall fill a number
of Styrofoam drink cups with grout and place them in a shaded and cool
place. At intervals, the inspector shall turn a single cup over and note the
time and behavior of the grout. At the time the grout comes out as a cup-
shaped block and only slightly plastic, that is the time of initial set. Initial
set is the minimum time between which adjacent piles can be placed.
4.7.4 Installation Procedures
4.7.4.1 Pile length, drilling criteria, and installation procedures of production
piles may be modified by the engineer of record from information
obtained during the installation of the probe piles, reaction piles, test
piles, and the pile load tests.
4.7.4.2 Production piles shall be installed with the same equipment and identical
procedures used for installation of probe piles and test piles.
4.7.4.3 Drilling shall advance at a continuous rate appropriate for the soil
conditions until the required depth or refusal is reached.
4.7.4.4 Oversight shall be provided by an experienced inspector to prevent excessive
rotation of the auger, which can cause loss of ground in running sands.
4.7.4.5 If refusal is reached before the required depth, the engineer of record
shall be notified immediately.
4.7.4.6 Auger refusal is defined as a rate of auger penetration of less than 1 ft
(0.3 m) per minute of drilling with maximum torque and weight applied
to the auger using equipment approved by the engineer of record.
4.7.4.7 Plug shall be provided in the bottom of the auger during drilling to
prevent entry of soil or water into the hollow stem of the auger.
4.7.4.8 When drilling with pressurized air flow through the hollow stem a plug is
unnecessary. If the auger tip plugs with soil when drilling with air
prevents the placement of grout, the auger shall withdrawn from the hole
to unplug the auger tip and the augered hole is temporarily left open. The
auger is then re-drilled to the final pile tip elevation and the pile is
grouted during auger withdrawal. Leaving the excavated pile shaft open
and then re-drilling, the auger tends to over excavate the soil. Pile
constructor shall compensate for this over excavation by increasing the
number of grout strokes (volume of grout) pumped over each 5-ft
(1.5-m) interval. Grout return depth shall be very closely monitored in
this instance.
4.7.4.9 When the auger reaches the specified depth, the auger may be raised 6 to
12 in (150 to 300 mm), and grout pumping shall begin.
4.7.4.10 After the grout pressure builds up as calculated by the required volume to
fill the pump line, auger tube and provide a minimum of 5 ft (1.5m) of
grout above the auger tip, the auger shall be re-drilled to the previously
established tip elevation before auger withdrawal begins.
4.7.4.11 Grout head of at least 5 ft (1.5 m) shall be continuously maintained
above the injection point during withdrawal of the auger. If the 5 ft
(1.5 m) grout head is not observed, the piling constructor shall re-drill
and re-grout the pile to the full depth.
4.7.4.12 Auger shall be withdrawn at a smooth, continuous rate. If the auger jumps
upward during withdrawal, if the grout pressure decreases, or if the
grouting is interrupted for any reason, the auger shall be reinserted to 5 ft
(1.5 m) below the tip depth of the auger when the interruption occurred or
to the bottom of the pile, whichever is less, and the rate of withdrawal shall
be decreased to prevent further jumping or pressure decreases.
4.7.4.13 Auger shall be rotated clockwise slowly during withdrawal.
4.7.4.14 Counter-clockwise rotation shall not be permitted.
4.7.4.15 A minimum of 115% of the theoretical grout volume shall be placed in
each 5-ft (1.5-m) increment of pile.
4.7.4.16 After grout is flowing at the ground surface from the auger flighting, the
rate of grout injection and auger withdrawal shall be coordinated so that
grout constantly flows at the surface and the theoretical volume is placed
in each subsequent depth increment.
4.7.4.17 If any 5-ft (1.5-m) increment is deficient, the pile shall be reinstalled by
advancing the auger 10 ft (3 m) below the deficient grout interval or to
the bottom of the pile, whichever is less, and the pile shall be re-grouted
using a reduced rate of auger withdrawal.
4.7.4.18 Piles shall be completely grouted and protected at the termination of each
day’s operation. No pile shall be left partly completed overnight.
4.7.4.19 Reinforcing steel shall be in accordance with the contract documents, shall
be placed while the grout is still fluid, and shall have centering fins,
spacers, or other devices to assure minimum grout cover as shown on the
drawings. If cover is not shown on the drawings, a minimum of 3 in
(75 mm) of grout cover shall be provided.
4.7.4.20 Tops of pile grout shall be manually screened clean of dirt and debris
before insertion of reinforcing.
4.7.4.21 Reinforcing cages or bars shall be clean before insertion into pile grout.
4.7.4.22 Reinforcing cages or bars shall be cooled with a water spray before being
inserted into the grout.
4.7.4.23 Reinforcing cages, bars, or access tubes shall not be disturbed or shaken
for a minimum of twelve hours after grout placement
4.7.4.24 If the reinforcing steel cannot be placed to design elevation, the reinforcing
steel shall be removed and the pile shall be re-drilled to the full depth. The
cost for reinstalling the pile shall be borne by the constructor.
4.7.4.25 Observe the tops of completed piles to note any grout subsidence for the
period before initial set occurs.
4.7.4.26 Grout subsidence shall be handled by topping off the piles with
additional grout provided the pile grout has not achieved initial set.
4.7.4.27 Grout subsidence greater than 1 ft (0.3 m) shall be avoided by increasing the
distance between the installations of adjacent piles, or alternating pile locations
used and/or the grout allowed to set for a longer time.
4.7.4.28 Additional grout shall only be placed prior to initial set of grout in the
pile to avoid formation of a cold joint at the pile top.
4.7.4.29 Grout mix design, delivery ticket, grout density tests and installation notes
shall be reviewed to determine if there are problems with the grout.
4.7.5 Spoils Handling
4.7.5.1 Spoils including excess grout and soil returned to the surface by the
augers shall be kept clear of the pile location by prompt removal.
4.7.5.2 Spoil shall be minimized by controlling speed of auger withdrawal and
rate and volume of grout pumped during auger withdrawal.
4.7.5.3 Constructor shall remove and dispose of spoils as directed by the
purchaser or the engineer of record.
4.7.5.4 Constructor shall comply with any restrictions on the disposal, and
transport spoils to the disposal area provided.
4.7.5.5 Constructor shall promptly inform the geotechnical representative,
engineer of record, and purchaser, if contaminated soil is encountered.
4.7.6 Obstructions
4.7.6.1 If obstructions causing auger refusal are encountered above the desired
tip elevation, the pile shall be completed to the refusal depth in
accordance with the contract documents.
4.7.6.2 Pile installation records shall be immediately sent to the geotechnical
engineer for evaluation.
4.7.6.3 Additional adjacent piles shall be installed as directed by the
geotechnical engineer.
5. Quality Requirements
5.1 Inspection
5.1.1 Constructor’s inspector shall prepare the pile installation record required in Section
4.4.2 above and detailed in data form PIP STS02465-D or PIP STS02465-DM (as
applicable) for all piles installed.
5.1.2 During ACIP pile installation, inspector shall be alert for any problems which can
reduce the load carrying capacity of an ACIP pile and note on the pile installation
record.
5.1.3 Inspector shall conduct grout tests described above and note on the pile installation
record.
5.1.4 Inspector shall observe the automated instrumentation and monitoring system
measuring elements of the installation process and obtain a copy of the printout.
Inspector shall collect copies of the printout and attach to the pile installation record.
5.1.5 Inspector shall observe that drilling advances at a continuous rate appropriate for the
soil conditions until the required depth or refusal is reached. If refusal is reached
before the required depth, the engineer of record should be notified immediately.
Auger refusal is defined as a rate of auger penetration of less than 1 ft (0.3 m) per
minute of drilling with maximum torque and weight applied to the auger.
5.1.6 Inspector should verify that all items on the inspection sheet shown in data form
PIP STS02465-D or PIP STS02465-DM (as applicable), or similar form are
completed in detail for each ACIP pile.
5.2 ACIP Pile Integrity Verification
5.2.1 Piles shall be tested by either low strain impact integrity testing as specified in
ASTM D5882 or by single or cross-hole logging as specified in ASTM D6760 or
by both, as specified in the contract documents.
5.2.2 Constructor shall grind two or more smooth flat spots on top of each ACIP pile
selected for low strain testing as designated by the qualified geotechnical
representative.
5.2.3 Constructor shall provide and install tubes suitable for single or cross-hole logging
as directed by the engineer of record. Tubes shall be filled with clean water
immediately after placement and kept full until after completion of testing. Tube
may also be used for pile toe tell-tale access during load test.
5.2.4 All probe, test and reaction piles shall be tested using one of the integrity
verification methods listed above.
5.2.5 Constructor shall provide access and assistance to the testing agency technician
conducting the integrity testing.
5.3 Pile Load Tests (Capacity Verification)
5.3.1 Test piles shall be installed at the locations shown in the contract documents.
5.3.2 Pile load tests shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D1143/D1143M
(“Compression Test”), ASTM D3689 (“Tension Test”), ASTM D3966 (“Lateral
Load Test”), or ASTM D4945 (“Dynamic Load Test”) as specified by the
engineer of record. If multiple tests on the same pile are specified, tests shall be
conducted in the following order; Compression, Tension, Dynamic, then Lateral.
5.3.3 All materials and equipment required for performing and monitoring the static or
dynamic load test in accordance with the appropriate specification shall be provided.
5.3.4 Test and reaction piles shall be installed, and the load tests shall be performed,
only in the presence of the qualified geotechnical representative.
5.3.5 Compression test piles and tension test piles shall be equipped with a telltale or strain
gauges approved by the geotechnical engineer or as shown in the contract documents.
5.3.6 A load cell and jack system designed for use in field conditions shall be provided.
Jack and pressure measurement device shall be calibrated together as a system.
5.3.7 The pressure measuring system measuring the jack pressure and load cell shall
have a minimum range of 300% of the specified pile design capacity.
5.3.8 A single jack shall be used to apply the required load unless the engineer of
record authorizes use of a pair of jacks.
5.3.9 Operators experienced in pile load testing and laborers to operate equipment
throughout the duration of test shall be provided.
5.3.10 Suitable enclosure of the test arrangement shall be provided to ensure complete
weather protection for reference beams and for personnel conducting the test.
Necessary power source, lights, and heating shall be provided.
5.3.11 Load testing shall begin after grout has achieved its specified strength as
determined by the grout cube tests, unless a longer time is specified to allow soil
set-up on the completed pile.
5.3.12 Compression and Tension tests shall be performed in accordance with specified
in ASTM D1143/D1143M and ASTM D3689 using the “Quick Load Test
Method,” with the following modifications:
1. Test load shall be to the lesser of three times design load or failure
2. Each load increment shall be 10% to 15% of design load
3. Each load increment shall be held for ten minutes
4. Loading shall be continuous without intermediate unload/reload cycle
5. Unloading increments shall be a minimum of four approximately equal steps
5.3.13 Dynamic load testing procedures must be submitted by the constructor to the
purchaser for review and approval by the engineer of record. The engineer of
record will determine the ratio of dynamic tests to conventional compression or
tension tests.
INITIAL
AUGER PUMP GROUT PUMP GROUT
DESIGN DIA. (IN) INSTALLATIO RE-GROUT DEPTH (FT) DEPTH (FT) ROTATIONS
ROTATIONS STROKES FACTOR STROKES FACTOR
N
VOLUME (FT3/FT): PUMP CALIBRATION: FT3/STROKE MIN. INITIAL STROKES STROKES/5 FT (100%)
AUGER ID: (NET STROKES = TOTAL - INITIAL - SPILL) STROKES/5 FT (130%)
INITIAL
AUGER PUMP GROUT PUMP GROUT
DESIGN DIA. (MM) INSTALLATIO RE-GROUT DEPTH (M) DEPTH (M) ROTATIONS
ROTATIONS STROKES FACTOR STROKES FACTOR
N