Se&Log Igcse Add
Se&Log Igcse Add
Se&Log Igcse Add
Simultaneous equations
a) y = x + 4 b) x + 3y = 9
y = 2x + 2 2x - y = 4
y y
8 6
7 5
6 4
5 3
4 2
3 1
2
−4 −3 −2 −1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
1 −1
0 −2
−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1 −3
–2 −4
–3
–4
Use the substitution method to solve the simultaneous equations in questions 2 and 3.
2 2x + y = 13 3 3x + 2y = 6
y = 2x + 1 y=x-2
Use the elimination method to solve the simultaneous equations in questions 4 and 5.
4 x + y = 6 5 2x + y = 10
x-y=2 3x - y = 5
7 In a sale, 3 DVDs and 4 CDs cost $51 and 4 DVDs and 3 CDs cost $54.
b) I have $90 dollars to spend and would like to buy the same number of DVDs and CDs.
How many of each can I buy?
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
x2 - y2 + xy = 20
x = 2y
b) Find two possible values for the pair of numbers by solving the equations simultaneously.
11 a) Solve this pair of simultaneous equations b) Given that (x - 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 9 is the
algebraically: equation of a circle, with centre (2,3)
and radius 9, illustrate the solution
(x - 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = 9 graphically.
x-y+4=0 y
6
5
4
3
2
1
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0
1 2 3 4 5 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
2 Using your knowledge of indices, and without using your calculator, find the values of:
1
a) log2 32 b) log3 9 c) log5
25
3 Use the rules for manipulating logarithms to write each of the following as a single logarithm.
1 For example, log 4 + log 3
a) log 6 + log 2 d) log 9 - log 3
2 can be written as log(4 × 3)
= log 12
1
b) log 36 - log 9 e) log 25 + 1log 27
2 3
1
5 a) Express log5 2 + log5 x4 as a multiple of log5 x.
x
1
b) Hence solve the equation log5 2 + log5 x4 = 2 without using your calculator.
x
y
2
1
0 x
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
−1
−2
a) Starting with the curve y = lg x state the transformation (in order when Notice that, as in this
more than one is needed) required to sketch the curve: question, log10 x is
often written as lgx.
(i) y = 2lg x (ii) y = lg 2x.
b) Sketch the curves on the axes below, together with the curve y = lgx in each case.
y y
x x
c) Would the results be the same, or different, if logarithms to a different base were used?
a) c) e)
y y y
4 4 2
3 3 1
2 2
0 x
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 1 −1
−2
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x −4 −3 −2 −1
0
1 2 3 x
−1 −1 −3
−2 −2 −4
−3 −3 −5
b) d) f)
y y y
4 4 5
3 3 4
2 2 3
1 1 2
1
0 x 0 x
−3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
−1 −1 0 x
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−2 −2 −1
−3 −3 −2
10 Use logarithms to solve the equation 32x - 1 = 23x + 1 giving your answer to 3 s.f.
( )
n
11 The formula for compound interest is A = P 1 + R where A represents the final amount,
100
P the principal (the amount invested), R the rate of interest and n the number of years.
a) For how long, to the nearest month, would $10 000 need to be invested to produce a final
amount of $15 000 if the rate of interest is 2.8%?
b) $10 000 is invested for 5 years. What was the rate of interest if the final amount is $12 000?
Answer to 1 decimal place.
a) y = ex, y = ex - 1 and y = ex - 1
b) y = ex, y = 3ex and y = e3x
y y
x x
13 Sketch each of the following curves. In each case write the equation of the asymptote
and the coordinates of the point where they cross the y-axis.
a) y = ex + 1 b) y = e-x + 1
y y
x x
a) 4e5t = 30 c) et + 3 = 30
b) 5e4t = 30 d) et - 3 = 30
Equation Graph
y = ex - 1
y = ex + 1
y = ex + 1
y = ex - 1
a) c)
y y
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 x 0 x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1 –1
b) d)
y y
5 6
4 5
3 4
2 3
1 2
1
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–1 0
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–2 –1
r ×t
16 In general, continuous compound interest on an investment is given by the formula A = Pe100 ,
where $P is the amount invested for t years at a rate of r%, giving a final amount of $A.
a) To the nearest $, how much will an amount of $20 000 invested at a rate of 4% be worth in
5 years’ time?
17 A radioactive substance of mass 250 g is decaying so that the mass M left after t days
is given by the formula M = 250e-0.0035t.
b) How much, to the nearest gram, is left after one year (i.e. 365 days)?
d) After how long, to the nearest day, will there be less than 10 g remaining?