Pumps

PUMP
PUMP
• A Pump is a mechanical device
that uses to transfer different
fluids from one location to
another. It is a hydraulic device
that lifts fluids from low to high
levels, moves fluids from low to
high-pressure areas. The pump
transfers fluid by converting the
fluid’s mechanical energy into
pressure energy (hydraulic
energy).
2 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PUMPS
1. Dynamic pumps / Kinetic pumps

2. Displacement Pumps / Positive
displacement pumps
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

•Dynamic pumps / Kinetic pumps
Dynamic pumps impart velocity and

pressure to the fluid as it moves past
or through the pump impeller and,
subsequently, convert some of that
velocity into additional pressure.

Classification of
Dynamic Pumps
1. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
2. VERTICAL PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
• A centrifugal pump is a rotating

machine in which flow and pressure are
generated dynamically. The energy
changes occur by virtue of two main
parts of the pump, the impeller and the
volute or casing. The function of the
casing is to collect the liquid discharged
by the impeller and to convert some of
the kinetic (velocity) energy into pressure
energy.
CLASSIFICATION OF
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
I. BASED ON DIRECTION OF FLOW
II. BASED ON SUCTION TYPE
III. BASED ON MECHANICAL
CONSTRUCTION
I. BASED ON DIRECTION OF FLOW
1. RADIAL FLOW
2. AXIAL FLOW
3. MIXED FLOW
CENTRIFUGAL RADIAL FLOW PUMP
The impeller discharges fluid at right angles to the shaft

axis. In this centrifugal pump in which the pressure is
developed wholly by centrifugal force. The radial type
pumps are used for the application of high head and low
discharge.
CENTRIFUGAL RADIAL FLOW PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL AXIAL FLOW PUMP
The flow-through impeller is parallel to shaft axis low
head and very high discharge. The axial flow type pumps
are used for the application of medium head and high
discharge.
In this centrifugal pump in which the pressure is
developed by the propelling or lifting action of the vanes of
the impeller on the liquid.
CENTRIFUGAL AXIAL FLOW PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL MIXED FLOW PUMP
The flow direction is partly axial and partly radial. Hence
has a result the flow is diagonal. The mixed flow type
pumps are used for the application of medium head and
high discharge.
In this centrifugal pump in which the pressure is
developed partly by centrifugal force and partly by the lift
of the vanes of the impeller on the liquid.
CENTRIFUGAL MIXED FLOW PUMP
II. BASED ON SUCTION
1. SINGLE SUCTION
2. DOUBLE SUCTION
SINGLE SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Single suction pump, also known as end-auction pump or

single stage pump, working principle of which is: when
the pump starts, the pump shaft drives the impeller for
high speed rotary motion, forcing the pre-filling fluid
between blades to rotate.
SINGLE SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
DOUBLE SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Double suction pump is an important type of centrifugal oil pump. This type of pump impeller
actually consists of two back-to-back impellers, from which the water flow into a volute. One
double suction pump works just like two same diameter end-suction pumps work at the same
time, so its flow quantity can be doubled by using the same outer diameter impeller. The
horizontal split structure of pump shell makes easy inspection and maintenance possible.
Meanwhile, the entry end and exit end of double suction pump are in the same direction, being
perpendicular to the pump shaft, which is helpful for the layout and installation of pumps and
water pipes; double suction pump is characterized by symmetrical impeller structure and non
axial force, so it can run more smoothly and can satisfy the operating requirement of mass flow
and high lift. It is widely used for the fluid delivery in drainage and irrigation of farmland,
waterworks, pump stations, power stations, chemical industry, mining, fire fighting and shipping,
etc.
DOUBLE SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
SINGLE SUCTION VS DOUBLE SUCTION
III. BASED ON MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION
1. CLOSED IMPELLERS
2. OPEN IMPELLERS
3. SEMI-CLOSED IMPELLERS
CLOSED IMPELLER
OPEN IMPELLER
SEMI-CLOSED IMPELLER
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
VERTICAL
PUMPS
• Vertical pumps were originally

developed for well pumping. The bore
size of the well limits the outside
diameter of the pump and so controls
the overall pump design.
MAIN CATEGORIES OF
VERTICAL PUMPS
I. Lines-shaft pumps
II. Submersible pumps
III. Horizontally mounted axial-flow
I. LINE-SHAFT PUMPS
The driver is mounted on the discharge head for these

type of motors. The line-shafting extend through the
column to the bowl assembly and transmits torque to the
pump rotor.
I. LINE-SHAFT PUMPS
II. SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
Submersible pumps are close-coupled pumps driven by a

submersible motor and designed for submerged
installation in a wet well. The motor is mounted below the
bowl assembly and is directly coupled to the pump rotor
shaft.
II. SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
III. Horizontally mounted axial-flow
•Displacement Pumps / Positive
displacement pumps
Positive displacement pumps, the

moving element (piston, plunger,
rotor, lobe, or gear) displaces the
liquid from the pump casing (or
cylinder) and, at the same time,
raises the pressure of the liquid. So
the displacement pump does not
develop pressure; it only produces a
flow of fluid.

3 MAIN
CATEGORIES OF
DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
1. Reciprocating pumps
2. Rotary pumps
3. Pneumatic pumps
RECIPROCATING
PUMPS
In a reciprocating pump, a piston or

plunger moves up and down. During the
suction stroke, the pump cylinder fills
with fresh liquid, and the discharge
stroke displaces it through a check valve
into the discharge line.
Reciprocating pumps can develop very
high pressures. Plunger, piston, and
diaphragm pumps are under these types
of pumps.
TYPES OF
RECIPROCATING
PUMPS
I. Plunger / piston-type pumps
II. Diaphragm pumps
Plunger / piston-type pumps
The plunger contains the crosshead, driven by a camshaft arrangement.
The capacity of the pump can be adjusted by changing the stroke, the
rotating speed of the pump, or both. The stroke of the pump is changed
by the eccentric pin setting.
These types of pumps used for the application of sewage, sludge, scum,
clarifier thickener underflow. It can be applied for a transfer and for
metering service. Such pumps are available in single- and multi-cylinder
models.
Plunger / piston-type pumps
Diaphragm pumps
These types of pumps are quite versatile, handling a wide variety of fluids
like food additives, chemicals, dry powders, slurries, pharmaceutical
products, and wastewater, etc. The advantages of diaphragm pumps are
the absence of seals or packing, meaning they can be used in
applications requiring zero leakage.
Diaphragm pumps
ROTARY PUMPS
The pump rotor of rotary pumps

displaces the liquid either by rotating or
by a rotating and orbiting motion. The
rotary pump mechanisms consisting of a
casing with closely fitted cams, lobes, or
vanes, that provide a means for
conveying a fluid.
TYPES OF ROTARY
PUMPS
I. Rotary Lobe Pumps

II. Screw Pumps
III. Gear Pumps
IV. Progressive Cavity Pumps
Rotary Lobe Pumps
Lobe pumps contain two elastomer-coated rotors
that are driven by an integral gearbox and
synchronized by timing gears. The rotors run
without touching each other or the casing. The liquid
is drawn through the inlet port into the pockets
between the lobes and chamber walls. Because
liquid cannot escape between the two rotors, it
discharges in the direction of rotation of the outer
lobes through the discharge nozzle.
Rotary Lobe Pumps
Screw Pumps
Screw pumps are a special type of rotary positive displacement pump in
which the flow through the pumping elements is truly axial. Screw pumps
are high-volume, non-clog, atmospheric -head devices that can pump a
variety of solids and debris in raw wastewater without screening. Screw
pumps, however, have a practical limitation as to pumping head.
Screw Pumps
Gear Pumps
An internal rotary gear pump employs a positive displacement principle.
The pump features a casing in which a dual gear (an outer rotor gear
and an internal idler gear) and crescent assembly is housed. As the rotor
gear begins to turn, the idler gear rotates with the teeth beginning to
mesh accordingly. It is the space between these gears and the meshing
action which both draws in the fluid and displaces it. The crescent shape
both offsets the idler gear and provides a seal between the suction and
discharge ports.
Gear Pumps
Progressive Cavity Pumps
A progressive cavity pump is designed specifically to transfer abrasive
and viscous fluids with a high solid, fiber, and air content. A hard steel
screw rotor rotates and orbits within an elastomer stator.
Progressive Cavity Pumps
Pneumatic Pumps
Compressed air is used to move the

liquid in pneumatic pumps. In
pneumatic ejectors, compressed air
displaces the liquid from a gravity-fed
pressure vessel through a check valve
into the discharge line in a series of
surges spaced by the time required for
the tank or receiver to fill again.
Pneumatic Pumps

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PUMP

1. Dynamic pumps / Kinetic pumps

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Dynamic pumps impart velocity and

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

• A centrifugal pump is a rotating

The impeller discharges fluid at right angles to the shaft

Single suction pump, also known as end-auction pump or

• Vertical pumps were originally

The driver is mounted on the discharge head for these

Submersible pumps are close-coupled pumps driven by a

Positive displacement pumps, the

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

In a reciprocating pump, a piston or

The pump rotor of rotary pumps

I. Rotary Lobe Pumps

Compressed air is used to move the

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