WHAT IS PAINT

Paint is a liquid or solid substance used to paint, protect, and texture surfaces. They are generally
retained as a liquid after application and dry into a thin coating. Paints are divided into two types:
decorative, which are used on-site, and industrial, which are used in factories as part of the
manufacturing process.

Paint is a pigmented coating that is applied to a surface or item to protect, preserve, beautify, or
offer utility. There are many paint enterprises in India that offer a broad range of items to avoid
flaws, such as exterior and interior coatings, oil coatings, acrylics, emulsion, enamel, textures, and
so on.

Paints can be applied using a brush or roller, as well as dipping, flow coating, spraying, hot
spraying, electrostatic spraying, airless spraying, electrodeposition, powder coating, vacuum
impregnation, immersion, and other techniques.

Constituents of paint
Pigment

Pigments are granular solids that give a product color. To offer toughness, texture, or cost savings,
dyes or colorants are dissolved in paints, fillers, or granular solids and then blended into the
product. Some variants, on the other hand, employ dyes or a combination of dyes and pigments.

It gives Color and opacity. Natural or manufactured derivatives are included.

Binder or Resin
This component acts as a binder, binding the pigment particles together. It also provides surface
adhesion. It is the element that truly defines the picture.
These are essential components of paints and are categorized based on their drying or curing
mechanism.
Solvent

Solvents act as a carrier for the pigment and binder. It might be either organic or inorganic.

Its main purpose is to change the viscosity. It also affects the stability, flow, and application of
liquid paints.
However, MTO or Xylene and water are the primary solvents for industrial and water-based
coatings, respectively.

Additives

When used sparingly, additives improve the properties of some paints. This includes things like
application ease, mold resistance, surface tension adjustability, improved finish, pigment stability,
and flow characteristics.

These include catalysts, thickeners, adhesion promoters, emulsifiers, and stabilizers.

A primer is a coating that is applied to a surface to seal it and prepare it for the application of a
final topcoat. Primers aid in the concealment of discoloration and stains, as well as the sealing of
areas that may bleed through a final topcoat. Resin in wood is a typical source of bleeding. Primers
are also used to smooth porous surfaces like those found on concrete blocks. The use of the
correct primer is critical to the effective application of a finish topcoat, and the manufacturer's
instructions must always be followed.

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Paint

“Paint.” Designing Buildings, www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Paint. Accessed 3 Feb.

2022.

https://buildingandinteriors.com/paint-a-handbook-for-construction-industry-professionals/

BuildingandInteriors. “Paint: A Handbook for Construction Industry Professionals.”

Building And Interiors, 9 Dec. 2021, buildingandinteriors.com/paint-a-handbook-

for-construction-industry-professionals.
TYPES OF PAINT
OIL PAINTS

White lead is used as a basis for oil paints, which are applied in three coats: primer, undercoat,
and final coat. Oil paints can produce matt and glossy effects while being durable and cost-
effective. They are characterized by the ease with which they can be washed and the ease with
which they can be applied. Oil paint is frequently used in the fabrication of walls, doors, windows,
and metal structures.

It should be mentioned that oil paint is not recommended for use in humid settings and takes a
long time to completely dry. Before using oil paints, linseed oil and pigments must be applied.
https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/a27729301/water-based-paint-vs-oil-based-
paint/

ENAMEL PAINT

This paint is created by mixing varnish with lead or zinc. Pigments are used to provide a wide
spectrum of colors. Enamel paints dry with strong, glossy coatings that are easily cleaned. They are
waterproof and chemically resistant, with excellent coverage and color retention.

Some common uses of enamel paint are:

 Interior and exterior walls

 Wood trims, doors, and flooring
 Windows
 Stairs
 Surfaces like wicker, masonry, concrete, plaster, glass, and metals.

The principal disadvantages of enamel paint are its slow drying time and the requirement for a
titanium coating prior to application.

https://www.homestratosphere.com/enamel-paint/

EMULSION PAINT
Emulsion paints contain driers like cobalt and manganese, as well as binding agents like polyvinyl
acetate and polystyrene. They can be water- or oil-based, with pigments added to get the desired
color. Emulsion paints are defined by their quick drying time, toughness, and ease of washing with
water. Once applied, enamel paints are long-lasting, have excellent color retention, and are alkali
resistant.

Interior walls, ceilings, and stone are typically painted using emulsion paints. Some specialist
emulsion paints are suitable for use on woodwork.

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/tractor-emulsion-paint-14615658288.html

CEMENT PAINT

Cement paint comes in powder form, which must be combined with water to create the desired
paint consistency. The base material is white or colored cement, with pigments, accelerators, and
other ingredients added. Cement paint is long-lasting and waterproof, and it is frequently used on
rough indoor and outdoor surfaces.
Consider that cement paint has a significant drying time, often 24 hours. It should be applied in
two applications to avoid dampness.

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/cement-paint-1759697512.html

BITUMINOUS PAINT

This paint is made from dissolved asphalt or tar, giving it its unique black color. It is waterproof
and alkali-resistant, but it should not be used where it will be exposed to sunshine since it
deteriorates.

Bituminous paint is commonly found in underwater ironworks, concrete foundations, hardwood

floors, and iron pipes. When applied to metals, it also contributes to corrosion resistance.
https://www.tradeindia.com/products/bituminous-black-paints-c4889760.html

ALUMINIUM PAINT

This paint is made by combining aluminum particles with oil varnish. It is resistant to corrosion,
electricity, and weather. Aluminum paint is widely used on metals and wood, with particular
applications such as gas tanks, oil tanks, water pipes, and radiators.
https://rhythmofthehome.com/how-to-paint-aluminum/

ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINT

As the name implies, anticorrosive paint is distinguished by its chemical resistance. Linseed oil, zinc
chrome, and fine sand are used to make it. Anticorrosive paint is black in color and is both long-
lasting and inexpensive. It is often used on metals surfaces and pipelines.
https://www.kangaroopaints.com/product/57a-anti-corrosive-black-oxide/

SYNTHETIC RUBBER PAINT

This paint is composed of dissolved synthetic resins and may contain colors. It is reasonably priced,
and its key advantages are chemical resistance, quick drying, and weather resistance. Synthetic
rubber paint is utilized on all concrete surfaces, even fresh concrete.
https://smartsealco.com/products/srpro7.asp

CELLULOSE PAINT

Cellulose paint is created by combining celluloid sheets, amyl acetate, and photographic films.
Castor oil can be used to promote adhesion, and surfaces can be readily wiped and washed once
the paint has dried. This paint is distinguished by its rapid drying, smooth finish, and hardness, as
well as its resistance to water, smoke, and acids. Because of its qualities, cellulose paint is
extensively utilized in automobiles and airplanes.

The most primary disadvantage of cellulose paint is its expensive price.

https://www.solverchem.com/articles/industrial-paint-formulations-article-2/formulations-
cellulose-topcoat-paints-production/details

PLASTIC PAINT

This paint is available in a variety of colors and is thinned with water. It dries quickly and covers
well. Some common applications are Walls and ceilings of auditoriums, showrooms, display rooms,
etc., slabs, and decks.
https://www.plasticsmakeitpossible.com/plastics-at-home/home-garden/home-improvement/grab-a-
brush-and-paint-on-the-plastics/
SILICATE PAINT

Silicate paint is made by combining silica with resinous ingredients. Its performance benefits
include good adhesion, hardness, and heat resistance, as well as the fact that it is chemically inert
with metals. As a result, this type of paint is commonly used in metal projects.
https://tytan.com/en/product/facade-silicate-paint

CASEIN PAINT

This paint is comprised of casein and white pigments. It comes in powder and paste forms, and
colors can be added. Casein paint is frequently used to coat walls, ceilings, and wood.
https://www.greenspec.co.uk/green-products/internal-wall-and-ceiling-paints/details/volvox-
casein-wall-paint/

https://www.procrewschedule.com/different-types-of-paint-used-in-construction-and-its-
applications/

https://theconstructor.org/building/types-paints-applications-construction/17224/ (more types of

paints)

https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/types-of-paint-used-in-construction#:~:text=Emulsion
%20Paint&text=Emulsion%20paints%20are%20characterized%20by,walls%2C%20ceilings
%20and%20masonry%20work. \

https://www.ccr-mag.com/what-are-construction-coatings-and-their-uses/

https://www.engineeringenotes.com/engineering-materials-2/paints/types-of-paints-used-in-
building-construction-with-advantages-engineering-material/46799

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS

PAINTING TOOLS AND THEIR USES FOR PAINTING PARTS OF A BUILDING

• Step ladders and extension ladders — for reaching higher places.

https://www.ptrholland.com/product_category/extension-ladders/

• A paint scraper can be used to remove loose or peeling paint off wood, plaster, and other
surfaces.
https://www.citrus-cleaning-supplies.co.uk/products/Cleaning+Equipment/Floor+Squeegees+
%26+Scrapers/3%22+Paint+Scraper+by+Hill+Brush+%7C+MSC10/4029979564

• Triangular-load scraper — for removing paint from small or tight spaces.

https://rodapin.com/en/paint-scrapers/triangular-paint-scraper/

• Steel wool - used to clean metal surfaces that have corroded.

https://home.howstuffworks.com/steel-wool-for-sanding.htm

• Wire brush – for removing efflorescence and loose debris from brickwork, or for removing
peeling, loose paint

https://befr.rs-online.com/web/p/wire-brushes/0822614
• A broad putty knife is useful for filling in and smoothing patching compounds in plaster and
wallboard.

https://alitools.io/en/showcase/stainless-steel-putty-knife-taping-paint-scraper-broad-blade-with-
plastic-handle-premium-quality-4000860146962

• Glazing compound - used to repair cracked, damaged, or missing glass panes.

https://www.wlcaulk.com/product/window-door-siliconized-acrylic-latex-glazing-compound/

• Spackling paste - used to fix nail holes and minor flaws in walls.
https://www.sherwin-williams.com/homeowners/products/spackling-paste-c50

• A long-handled brush is useful for cleaning big outdoor surfaces.

https://amtechdiy.com/product/50mm-2-long-reach-angled-paint-brush/

• Sandpaper (different grits) — for smoothing and feathering previously painted surfaces, or
roughening glossy surfaces to improve paint adhesion.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sandpaper-Source-https-asksolutions-different-sandpaper-
grits_fig4_351248392

• Sanding block — for holding sandpaper and sanding surfaces to an equal finish.
https://www.toolstation.com/prep-sanding-block/p84314

• Caulking gun – used to apply caulk to wall cracks, gaps, and seams in woodwork, as well as the
junction of different surfaces (e.g., wood siding and stone)
https://www.acehardware.com/departments/paint-and-supplies/caulk-and-sealants/caulking-
guns

• Masking tape - used to protect the window glass and trim from paint.

https://www.3mphilippines.com.ph/3M/en_PH/p/d/v000090602/

• Paint guide – for protecting carpets and walls when painting baseboards and other trim.
https://www.amazon.com/Warner-12-Paint-Guide-428/dp/B000I1THFA

• Roller tray and grid – for loading paint onto rollers

https://www.cohwabrush.com/paint-tray/paint-roller-tray.html

• A brush comb is used to clean paint brushes.

https://www.grainger.com/product/WOOSTER-Paint-Brush-Comb-6KD55

• Paint pail – for mixing paint and transporting it to the jobsite.

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/paint-pail-14025806373.html

• Drop cloths — to shield paint from furniture, floors, and shrubs.

https://m.made-in-china.com/product/Popular-Canvas-Drop-Cloth-Canvas-Dust-Sheet-for-
Protecting-Furniture-1932891745.html

https://www.bobvila.com/articles/394-painting-tools-and-materials/

---. “Painting Tools and Materials.” Bob Vila, 24 Feb. 2020,

www.bobvila.com/articles/394-painting-tools-and-materials.