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Lecture 2 Summary Answers

This document summarizes different types of network classifications including by connection type (point-to-point, multipoint), area covered (LAN, MAN, WAN), network model (peer-to-peer, client/server), topology (bus, star, ring, mesh, hybrid), and data interchange method (circuit switching, packet switching). It also provides examples and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different network classifications.

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71 views

Lecture 2 Summary Answers

This document summarizes different types of network classifications including by connection type (point-to-point, multipoint), area covered (LAN, MAN, WAN), network model (peer-to-peer, client/server), topology (bus, star, ring, mesh, hybrid), and data interchange method (circuit switching, packet switching). It also provides examples and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different network classifications.

Uploaded by

omar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2 Summary: Network Classifications

Connection Types:
 Point-to-point: Dedicated link between 2 devices
 Multipoint: More than 2 devices share a single link.

Classification Area Covered Basis:


 Local Area Network (LAN): Small geographical area (switch is used)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Larger than LAN, Smaller than WAN
 Wide Area Network (WAN): Large geographical area  Connects 2 LANs
o Point-to-point WAN: 2 devices
o Switched WAN: Combination of several Point-to-point Connections

internetworking/internet: when 2 or more networks are connected (different than Internet with
capital I)

Classification According to Network Model:


 Peer-to-peer (P2P): All devices are equal  Same abilities/resources
o E.g: Windows Workgroup

 Client/Server: Server nodes provide services to client nodes


o E,g: Mail Servers/ Web Servers
Classification  Network Topology:
 Bus Topology:
o All devices connected to single cable (BUS)

o Terminator part terminates bus ends

o Message travelling thru Bus is heard by all devices but enters device specified by
the header
o Terminator absorbs data frame

o Advantages:
 Easy Installation
 Cost Effective (Less Cables)
o Disadvantages

 Faulty cable  Entire network is down


 Difficult troubleshooting
 Slow data flow due to heavy traffic

 Star Topology:
o Centralized Hub connecting the devices

o Point-to-point between device and hub


o Types:

 Broadcasted (Hubbed)
 Large hub number  High traffic
 Maximum hub number is 4
 Switched
o Advantages (Anagram: S-E-N-D-C-C):

 Simple device Addition


 Easy Troubleshoot
 No disruptions when adding/removing devices
 Device failure doesn’t destroy network
 Centralized Control
 Centralized Network Monitoring
o Disadvantages:
 Central device fails  Network fails
 Requires more cables
 Expensive

 Ring Topology:
o Closed loop shape
o One-way data flow

o Devices act as repeaters to propagate messages


o Steps for message sending:

 Token (Short message) originates at master station and passed


 Sender station waits for token to start sending
 Token changed to connecter message, appending message data and placed
on ring path
 Non-receiving devices ignore and pass on connecter message
 Receiver device copy message and modify it to signify receiving it
 After full revolution, sender checks if message was received  replaces
connector with token
o Advantages:
 Equal access for all users
 Perform well under traffic
o Disadvantages:

 Single device failure  network goes down


 Difficult to troubleshoot
 Adding/Removing devices causes network disruption

 Mesh Topology:
o Each PC is connected to every PC
o Types:

 Full Mesh
 Partial Mesh  Not all PC are connected to every PC
o Simplex mode  n(n-1) links needed
o Duplex Mode  n(n-1)/2 links needed

o n-1 ports on each devices


o Advantages:

 Highest fault tolerance compared to other topologies


o Disadvantages:
 Expensive  each connection requires a cable

 Hybrid Topology:
o More than one topology in a network

o E.g  Stared Bus


 Star networks connected to common bus line topology
o Advantages:

 Simple Network Expansion


o Disadvantages:
 Failed Hub disconnects its devices from other networks along the line

Classification  Data Interchange Method:


 Three Phases:
o Circuit Establishment
o Data flow

o Circuit Disconnection
o Switched Networks Types:

 Circuit Switched Communication


 Switch can only be active/inactive
 No storing capabilities (only forwarding)
 Inefficient
 Long setup time
 Inflexible
 Blocking occurs due to high traffic
 Packet-Switching Communication
 Blocks of data called packets
o Payload  user data

o Header  control info

 Switch stores and forwards data


 Advantages:
o Efficiency  Queuing and transmission

o Data rate conversion  Equalizing rates thru buffering


o Always accepting data  No blocking
o Prioritization

 Disadvantages  Delayed/slow data transfer sometimes


Internet  World wide web. Thousands of networks
 Backbones
 Provider Networks
 Customer Networks

Accessing the Internet:


 Telephone Networks
 Cable Networks
 Wireless Networks
 Direct Connection
Answers To Questions

6(6−1)
1. =15 links. 5 Ports
2
2. 4 Repeater Hops
3. Backbones and Provider
4. Half Duplex
5. Point-to-Point
6. Star backbone, ring networks

Star
Hub

7. Answers:
a. Mesh  n(n-1)/2 (assuming duplex mode)
b. Bus  1 cable link, n drop lines
c. Star  n cable links

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