CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY

Mechanical Engineering Department

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

Ronnel T. Lucero, ME
Instructor
 DYNAMICS
MECC 481 Module 6

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Before you proceed, check
the weekly tasks found in
slide 30

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
Topic 11: Dynamics of Rigid Bodies
• ILO1. Differentiate rectilinear translation, curvilinear
translation, rotation
• ILO2: Calculate displacement, velocity, acceleration
and other quantities.
• ILO3. Create and Evaluate worded problems in
dynamics.
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 Kinematics is a branch of dynamics which
describes the motion of objects without
explicit reference to the forces that act on it.

Kinetics is a branch of dynamics which

deals with the study of bodies in motion
particularly the force involved in the
acceleration.
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 Rectilinear translation is a motion in a plane
or one dimension.

Types:
1. Horizontal translation
2. Vertical translation
3. Curvilinear translation

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Horizontal translation is a straight motion along a
horizontal plane.
If the velocity is constant,
𝐒 = 𝐕𝐭
If the acceleration is constant,
𝟐 𝟐
𝐕𝟐 = 𝐕𝟏 ± 𝟐𝐚𝐒
𝐕𝟐 = 𝐕𝟏 ± 𝐚𝐭 + accelerating
𝟏 𝟐 - decelerating
𝐒 = 𝐕𝟏 𝐭 ± 𝐚𝐭
𝟐
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 Vertical translation is a straight motion along a
vertical plane.
𝟐 𝟐
𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟏 ± 𝟐𝒂𝒚
𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟏 ± 𝒂𝒕 use + if going down
𝟏 𝟐 and - if going up.
𝒚 = 𝑽𝟏 𝒕 ± 𝒂𝒕
𝟐
A body is said to be free falling if the initial vertical velocity is zero.
The acceleration of a free-falling body is due to gravity which is equal
to 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2 or 32.2 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 CURVILINEAR TRANSLATION
A projectile is a body which after being given an initial
velocity with an initial angle of release is allowed to travel
under the action of gravity only. A projectile is a trajectory
which is a graph of a parabola.

The horizontal component of velocity is constant throughout the projectile.

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Instantaneous distance

𝒙 = 𝑽𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝒕
Instantaneous height
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝑽𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒕 ± 𝒈𝒕𝟐
𝟐

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 General Equation

𝒈𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 − 𝟐
𝟐𝑽𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽

Maximum height Range

𝑽𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟐 𝑽𝟐𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟐𝜽)
𝒚𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝑹=
𝟐𝒈 𝒈

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Rotation is a motion along a circular path.
𝑺 = 𝒓𝜽
𝑽 = 𝒓𝝎
𝒂=𝒓∝
For variable acceleration,
𝝎𝟐𝟐 = 𝝎𝟐𝟏 ± 𝟐 ∝ 𝜽
𝝎𝟐 = 𝝎𝟏 ±∝ 𝒕
𝟏
𝜽 = 𝝎𝟏 𝒕 ± ∝ 𝒕𝟐 S is the linear distance
𝟐 V is the linear velocity
a is the linear acceleration
𝜽 is the angular distance, rad
𝝎 is the angular velocity, rad/s
∝ is the angular acceleration, 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia)
෍ 𝑭 = 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟎

Newton’s Second Law (Law of acceleration)

෍ 𝑭 = 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂

Newton’s Third Law (Law of action and reaction)

𝑭=𝑹
Newton’s Universal Gravitation Law
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭 = 𝑮( 𝟐 )
𝒔
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 D’ALEMBERT’S PRINCIPLE
"When the body is subjected to an acceleration, there
exists a force opposite the direction of the motion and
equal to the product of mass and acceleration.”

𝑹𝑬𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
REF is the reverse effective force.

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
The centripetal force is the force directed toward
the center of a circle. The centrifugal force is the
opposite of centripetal force.

When rotational speed is constant,

𝒎𝒗𝟐
𝑭𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝒎𝒂𝒄 = = 𝒎𝒓𝝎𝟐
𝒓

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 NON-UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
When rotational speed changes and tangential
acceleration exists.

𝒎𝑽
𝑭𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 = 𝒎𝒂𝒕 = =𝒓∝
𝒕

Total acceleration,
𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝒂𝟐𝒄 + 𝒂𝟐𝒕
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 BANKING OF HIGHWAY CURVES
Ideal angle of banking
𝑽𝟐
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝒈𝒓
Skidding,
𝟐
𝑽
𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝜽 + ∅) =
𝒈𝒓
Where,
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ∅ = 𝝁
𝝁 is the coefficient of friction

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 1
What is the acceleration of a body that increases in velocity from 20 m/s to 40 m/s in 3
seconds.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑉2 = 𝑉1 ± 𝑎𝑡 → 𝑎 =
𝑡
STEP 2: Substitute
40 − 20
𝑎=
3

𝒂 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
The object is accelerating

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 2
From a speed of 75 kph, a car decelerates at a rate of 0.139 m/s along a straight path. How
far in meters will it travel in 45 seconds.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
Use – since deceleration
1 2
𝑥 = 𝑉1 𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡
2

STEP 2: Substitute
75 𝑚 1 𝑚 2
𝑥= (45 𝑠 ) − 0.139 45 𝑠
3.6 𝑠 2 𝑠

𝒙 = 𝟕𝟗𝟔. 𝟕𝟔 𝒎

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 3
If a particle position is given by the expression 𝑥 𝑡 = 3.4𝑡 3 − 5.4𝑡 meters, what is the
acceleration of the particle after t = 5 seconds.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
Acceleration is the second derivative of the displacement equation
𝑑2 𝑥
𝑎= 2
𝑑𝑡
STEP 2: Substitute
Derive the displacement equation twice and substitute t = 5
𝑑2 (3.4𝑡 3 − 5.4𝑡)
𝑎= 2
= 20.4𝑡 = 20.4 5
𝑑𝑡
𝒎
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟐
𝒔

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 4
A ball is dropped from the roof of a building 40 meters tall hit the ground with a velocity of

SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
Use + since going down
𝑉22 = 𝑉12 + 2𝑎𝑦
STEP 2: Substitute
The ball is dropped, so the initial velocity is 0

𝑚 𝑚
𝑉22 = (0 ) + 2(9.81 2 )(40 𝑚)
𝑠 𝑠
𝒎
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟎
𝒔

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 5
A ball is dropped from a height of 80 meters above the ground. How long does it take to hit
the ground.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
Use + since going down
1 2
𝑦 = 𝑉1 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
STEP 2: Substitute
The ball is dropped, so the initial velocity is 0

𝑚 1 𝑚 2
80 𝑚 = 0 𝑡 + 9.81 2 𝑡
𝑠 2 𝑠
𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟒 𝒔

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 6
The muzzle velocity of a projectile is 1500 ft/s and the distance of the target is 10 miles. The
angle of elevation of the gun must be?
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
𝑉02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜃)
𝑅=
𝑔
STEP 2: Substitute

2
𝑓𝑡
5280 𝑓𝑡 1500 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜃)
10 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥 =
𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑡
32.2
𝑠2
𝜽 = 𝟐𝟒°𝟑𝟐′

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 7
A shot is fired with an angle of 45° with the horizontal with the velocity of 300 ft/s. Find the
maximum height and range that the projectile can cover, respectively?
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation 2
𝑓𝑡
𝑉02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝜃) 300 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
𝑅= 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑓𝑡
2(32.2 2 )
𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2 𝑠
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝒚𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟔𝟗𝟖. 𝟕𝟔 𝒇𝒕 → 𝐦𝐚𝐱 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
2𝑔
STEP 2: Substitute
2
𝑓𝑡
300 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2 𝑥 45)
𝑅=
𝑓𝑡
32.2
𝑠2
𝑹 = 𝟐𝟕𝟗𝟓 𝒇𝒕 → 𝑹𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 Sample Problem No. 8
The flywheel of a puncher is to be brought to a complete stop in 8 seconds from a speed of
60 rpm. Compute the number of turns the flywheel will still make if its deceleration is
uniform,.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation 𝑟𝑒𝑣 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 1 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 2
𝜃 𝜃 = 60 𝑥 𝑥 8𝑠 − 8𝑠
𝑛= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑣 2 8 𝑠2
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜃 = 12𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
1
𝜃 = 𝜔1 𝑡 ± ∝ 𝑡 2
2 STEP 3: Substitute to working equation
STEP 2: Solve unknown
12𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔2 = 𝜔1 ±∝ 𝑡 𝑛= =𝟔
For complete stop, 𝜔2 = 0 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝑟𝑒𝑣 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑

0 = 60 𝑥 𝑥 −∝ 8𝑠
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
∝=
8 𝑠2

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 9
A flywheel is 15 cm in diameter accelerates uniformly from rest to 500 rpm in 20 seconds.
What is its angular acceleration?

SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
𝜔2 = 𝜔1 ±∝ 𝑡
STEP 2: Substitute
Since from rest 𝜔1 = 500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑟𝑒𝑣 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
500 𝑥 𝑥 = 0 ±∝ (20)
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝒓𝒂𝒅
∝= 𝟐. 𝟔𝟐 𝟐
𝒔

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 10
An automobile travels on a perfectly horizontal unbanked circular track of radius R. The
coefficient of friction between the tires and the track is 0.3. If the car’s velocity is 15 m/s,
what is the smallest radius it may travel without skidding.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
𝑉2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
𝑔𝑅
STEP 2: Substitute
𝑚 2
15
0.3 = 𝑠
𝑚
9.81 2 𝑅
𝑠

𝑹 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 11
What force is necessary to accelerate a 30000 lbm railway electric car at the rate of 1.25
𝑓𝑡/𝑠 2 , if the force required to overcome frictional resistance is 400 lb.

SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
෍ 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎

STEP 2: Substitute
𝐹 − 𝐹𝑓 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝐹 − 400 𝑙𝑏 = 30000 𝑙𝑏𝑚 (1.25 2 )( )
𝑠 𝑓𝑡
32.2 𝑙𝑏𝑚 2
𝑠
𝑭 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝟗 𝒍𝒃𝒇

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 Sample Problem No. 12
An elevator weighing 2000 lb attains an upward velocity of 16 ft/s in 4 seconds with a
uniform acceleration. What is the tension in the supporting cable?

SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Establish working equation
෍ 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎

STEP 2: Substitute
𝑉
𝑇−𝑊 =𝑚
𝑡
𝑓𝑡
𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑓 16 𝑠 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑇 − 2000 𝑙𝑏𝑚 (32.2 2 )( ) = 2000 𝑙𝑏𝑚 ( )( )
𝑠 𝑓𝑡 4𝑠 𝑓𝑡
32.2 𝑙𝑏𝑚 2 32.2 𝑙𝑏𝑚 2
𝑠 𝑠
𝑻 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟖. 𝟒𝟖 𝒍𝒃𝒇
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 Week 6 Tasks
First task: Problem Set No.6
Instruction: Show your complete and detailed solution to all the problems
found in the next slides.

• Using CamScannerApp, scan your note and save in one PDF File. Submit
your output to my email rlucero.cit@gmail.com using naming
conventions:
1. File Name: surname_firstname_ProblemSet6

October
• DEADLINE: APRIL 15, 2022
2, 2022 8 PM
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 Week 6 Tasks
Second task: Note No.64
Instruction: Create a summary of Formula for Modules 5 and 6(handwritten
or type-written are both acceptable).

• Using CamScannerApp, scan your note and save in one PDF File. Submit
your output to my email rlucero.cit@gmail.com using naming convention:
• File Name: surname_firstname_notes4

October
• DEADLINE: APRIL 2, 15,
20222022
10 PM

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM SET NO.6

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.1
A car travels 100 km to city A in
2 h, then travels 200 km to city
B in 3 h. What is the average
speed of the car for the trip?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.2
The position of a particle moving
along the x-axis is given by 𝑥 𝑡 =
𝑡 − 𝑡 + 8, where x is in units of
2
meters, and t is in seconds. Find the
velocity of the particle when t = 5 s.

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.3
A car starts from rest and moves
with a constant acceleration of 6
𝑚/𝑠 . what is the speed of the car
2
after 4 seconds?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.4
A car starts from rest and has a
𝑚
constant acceleration of 3 2 . What
𝑠
is the average velocity during the
first 10 s of motion?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.5
A bicycle moves with a constant
deceleration of -2 𝑚/𝑠 . If the initial
2
velocity of the bike is 4.0 m/s, how
far does it travel in 3 s?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.6
A ball is dropped from a height of
60 m above the ground. How long
does it take to hit the ground?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.7
A ball is thrown vertically upward
with an initial speed of 24 m/s.
Most nearly how long will it take for
the ball to return to the thrower?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.8
A projectile is launched upward
from level ground at an angle of 60
degrees from the horizontal. It has
an initial velocity of 45 m/s. How
long will it take before the
projectile hits the ground?
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 PROBLEM NO.9
A block with a spring attached to one end slides
along a rough surface with an initial velocity of
7 m/s. After it slides 10 m in the opposite
direction before coming to stop. If the block’s
deceleration is assumed constant and the
contraction of the spring is negligible, what is
the average acceleration of the block during
impact with the wall.
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 PROBLEM NO.10
A block with a mass of 150 kg slides down
a frictionless wedge with a slope of 40
degrees. The wedge is moving horizontally
in the opposite direction at a constant
velocity of 4.9 m/s. What is most nearly the
absolute speed of the block 2 s after it is
released from rest?
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 PROBLEM NO.11
An object inclined at 45 degrees to the
horizontal on level ground as shown. What
is the range of the projectile if its initial
velocity is 55 m/s? Neglect air resistance.

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.12
A cyclist on a circular track of radius
240 m is traveling at 8 m/s. His
speed in the tangential direction
increases at a rate of 1 𝑚/𝑠 . What
2
is most nearly the cyclist’s total
acceleration?
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 PROBLEM NO.13
A motorcycle moves at a constant
speed of 12 m/s around a curved
road of radius 100 m. What is most
nearly the magnitude and the
general direction of the
motorcycle’s acceleration?
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 PROBLEM NO.14
A 3 kg block is moving at a speed
of 5 m/s. The force required to
bring the block to a stop in
8 𝑥 10 seconds is most nearly.
−4

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.15
A rope is used to tow an 800 kg car with
free-rolling wheels over a smooth, level
road. The rope will break if the tension
exceeds 2000 N. What is the greatest
acceleration that the car can reach
without breaking the rope?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.16
A force of 15 N acts on a 16 kg
body for 2 s. If the body is initially
at rest, how far is it displaced by the
force.

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.17
A truck weighing 1.4 kN moves up
a slope of 15 degrees. What is the
force generated by the engine if
the truck is accelerating at a rate of
3 m/𝑠 . Assume coefficient of
2
friction is 𝑢 = 0.1
ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1
 PROBLEM NO.18
An automobile uses 74.6 kW to
maintain a uniform speed of 96
kph. What is the thrust force
provided by the engine?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.19
A 1000 kg car is traveling down 25
degrees slope. At the instant that the
speed is 13 m/s, the driver applies the
brakes. What constant force parallel to
the road must be generated by the
brakes if the car is to stop in 90 m?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1

 PROBLEM NO.20
A highway curve has a super elevation
of 7 degrees. What is the radius of the
curve such that there will be no lateral
pressure between the tires and the
roadway at a speed of 40 mph?

ME Comprehensive Evaluation Course 1