1.

Identification and solving of simple real

life or scientific or technical problems,
and
Developing flow charts for the same.

(Electricity Billing, Retail shop billing, Sin series, weight of

a motorbike, Weight of a steel bar, compute Electrical
Current in Three Phase AC Circuit)

VSBEC-IT Page 1
Date: 1.A. Electricity Billing
Aim
To write a python program for the Electricity Billing.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the input variable
“unit” Step 3: Process the following
When the unit is less than or equal to 100 units, calculate usage=unit*5
When the unit is between 100 to 200 units, calculate usage=(100*5)+((unit-100)*7)
When the unit is between 200 to 300 units, calculate usage=(100*5)+(100*7)+((unit- 200)*10)
When the unit is above 300 units, calculate usage=(100*5)+(100*7)+(100*!0)+((unit- 300)*15)
For further, no additional charge will be calculated.
Step 4: Display the amount “usage” to the user.
Step 5: Stop the program
Flowchart

VSBEC-IT Page 2
Program
unit = int(input("Please enter Number of Unit you Consumed :
")) if(unit <= 100):
usage = unit * 5
elif(unit <= 200):
usage=(100*5)+((unit-100)*7)
elif(unit <= 300):
usage=(100*5)+(100*7)+((unit-200)*10)
else:
usage=(100*5)+(100*7)+(100*10)+((unit-300)*15)
print("Electricity Bill = %.2f" %usage)
print("Note: No additional charge will be calculated")

Output
Please enter Number of Unit you consumed: 650
Electricity Bill = 7450.00
Note: No additional charge will be calculated

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the Electricity Billing program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 3
Date: 1.B.Retail Shop Billing
Aim
To write a python program for the Retail Shop Billing.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Initialize the values of the items
Step 3: Read the input like the name of item and quantity.
Step 4: Process the following amount=(item_name*quantity)
+amount
Step 5: Repeat the step4 until the condition get
fails. Step 6: Display the value of “amount”.
Step 7: Stop the program.
Flowchart

VSBEC-IT Page 4
Program
print("Welcome to Varnika Retail
Shopping") print("List of items in our
market")
soap=60; powder=120; tooth_brush=40; paste=80;
perfume=250 amount=0
print("1.Soap\n2.Powder\n3.Tooth Brush\n4.Tooth Paste\n5.Perfume")
print("To Stop the shopping type number 0")
while(1):
item=int(input("Enter the item
number:")) if(item==0):
break
else:
if(item<=5):
quantity=int(input("Enter the quantity:"))
if(item==1):
amount=(soap*quantity)+amount
elif(item==2):
amount=(powder*quantity)+amount
elif(item==3):
amount=(tooth_brush*quantity)+amount
l3.append(amount)
elif(item==4):
amount=(paste*quantity)+amount
elif(item==5):
amount=(perfume*quantity)+amount
else:
print("Item Not available")
print("Total amount need to pay
is:",amount) print("Happy for your visit")

VSBEC-IT Page 5
Output
Welcome to Varnika Retail Shopping
List of items in our market
1. Soap
2.Powder
3.Tooth Brush
4.Tooth Paste
5.Perfume
To Stop the shopping type number 0
Enter the item number:1
Enter the quantity:5
Enter the item
number:2 Enter the
quantity:4 Enter the
item number:0
Total amount need to pay is:
780 Happy for your visit

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result

VSBEC-IT Page 6
 Thus the Retail Shopping Billing program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 7
Date: 1.C. Sin Series
Aim
To write a python program for sin series.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read the input like the value of x in radians and n where n is a number up to which we
want to print the sum of series.
Step 3: For first term,
x=x*3.14159/180
t=x;
sum=x
Step 4: For next term,
t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1))
sum=sum+t;
# The formula for the 'sin x' is represented as
# sin x= x-x3/3!+x5/5!-x7/7!+x9/9! (where x is in radians)
Step 5: Repeat the step4, looping 'n’' times to get the sum of first 'n' terms of the series.
Step 6: Display the value of sum.
Step 7: Stop the program.

VSBEC-IT Page 8
Flowchart

Program:
x=float(input("Enter the value for x : "))
a=x
n=int(input("Enter the value for n : "))
x=x*3.14159/180
t=x;
sum=x
for i in range(1,n+1):
t=(t*(-1)*x*x)/(2*i*(2*i+1))
sum=sum+t;
print("The value of Sin(",a,")=",round(sum,2))

VSBEC-IT Page 9
Output
Enter the value for x : 30
Enter the value for n : 5
The value of Sin( 30.0 )= 0.5

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the sine series program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 10
Date: 1.D. Weight of a
Motorbike Aim
To write a python program to find the weight of a motorbike.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Initialize values to the parts of the motorbike in weights(Chassis, Engine, Transmissions,
Wheels, Tyres, Body panels, Mud guards, Seat, Lights)
Step 3: Process the following weight = weight+sum_motorbike[i]
Step 4: Repeat the step 3, looping 'n’' times to get the sum of weight of the vehicle
Step 5: Display the Parts and Weights of the motor bike
Step 6: Display “Weight of
theMotorbike” Step 7: Stop the program.
Flowchart

VSBEC-IT Page 11
Program
sum_motorbike = {"Chassis" : 28, "Engine" : 22, "Transmissions" : 18, "Wheels" : 30, "tyres" :
15, "Body_Panels" : 120, "Mudguards" : 6, "Seat" : 10, "lights": 10}
weight = 0
for i in sum_motorbike:
weight = weight+sum_motorbike[i]
print("Parts and weights of the Motorbike")
for i in sum_motorbike.items():
print(i)
print("\nWeight of the Motorbike is:",weight)

Output
Parts and weights of the
Motorbike ('Chassis', 28)
('Engine', 22)
('Transmissions', 18)
('Wheels', 30)
('tyres', 15)
('Body_Panels', 120)
('Mudguards', 6)
('Seat', 10)
('lights', 10)
Weight of a Motorbike is: 259

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the weight of the motorbike program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 12
Date: 1.E. Weight of a steel
bar Aim
To write a python program to find the weight of a steel bar.
Algorithm
Weight of steel bar = (d2 /162)*length (Where d-diameter value in mm and length value in m)
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read the values of the variable d and length.
Step 4: Process the following weight=(d2 /162kg/m)*length
Step 5: Display the value of weight.
Step 6: Stop the program.

Flowchart

VSBEC-IT Page 13
Program
d=int(input("Enter the diameter of the steel bar in milli meter: " ))
length=int(input("Enter the length of the steel bar in meter: " ))
weight=((d**2)/162)*length
print("Weight of steel bar in kg per meter :", round(weight,2))

Output
Enter the diameter of the steel bar in milli meter:
6 Enter the length of the steel bar in meter: 3
Weight of steel bar in kg per meter : 0.67

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the weight of the steel bar program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 14
Date: 1.F. Compute Electrical Current in Three Phase AC
Circuit Aim
To write a python program to compute the Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Import math header file for finding the square root of
3 Step 3: Read the values of pf, I and V.
Step 4: Process the following:
Perform a three phase power calculation using the following formula: P=√3 * pf * I * V
Where pf - power factor, I - current, V - voltage and P – power
Step 5: Display “The result is
P”. Step 6: Stop the program.

Flowchart

VSBEC-IT Page 15
Program
import math
pf=float(input("Enter the Power factor pf (lagging): " ))
I=float(input("Enter the Current I: " ))
V=float(input("Enter the Voltage V: " ))
P=math.sqrt(3)*pf*I*V
print("Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit :", round(P,3))

Output
Enter the Power factor pf (lagging): 0.8
Enter the Current I: 1.7
Enter the Voltage V: 400
Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit : 942.236

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the Electrical Current in Three Phase AC Circuit program has been executed and verified
successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 16
 2. Python programming using
simple statements and
expressions

(Exchange the values of two variables, circulate the values of

n variables, distance between two points).

VSBEC-IT Page 17
Date: 2.A. Exchange the values of two
variables Aim
To write a python program to exchange the values of two variables.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the values of two variables
Step 3: Print the values of the two variables before
swapping. Step 4: Process the following
Swapping of two variables using tuple assignment
operator. a,b=b,a
Step 5: Display the values of the two variables after swapping.
Step 6: Stop the program.
Program
#with temporary variable
print("Swapping two values")
a=int(input("Enter the value of A: "))
b=int(input("Enter the value of B: "))
print("Before Swapping\nA value is:",a,"B value
is:",b) c=a #with temporary variable
a=b
b=c
print("After Swapping\nA value is:",a,"B value is:",b)

#without temporary variable

print("Swapping two values")
a=int(input("Enter the value of A: "))
b=int(input("Enter the value of B: "))
print("Before Swapping\nA value is:",a,"B value
is:",b) a=a+b #without temporary variable
b=a-b
a=a-b
print("After Swapping\nA value is:",a,"B value is:",b)

VSBEC-IT Page 18
 #Tuple assignment
print("Swapping two values")
a=int(input("Enter the value of A: "))
b=int(input("Enter the value of B: "))
print("Before Swapping\nA value is:",a,"B value
is:",b) a,b=b,a #Tuple assignment
print("After Swapping\nA value is:",a,"B value is:",b)

Output
Swapping two values
Enter the value of A: 65
Enter the value of B: 66
Before Swapping
A value is: 65 B value is: 66
After Swapping
A value is: 66 B value is: 65

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the exchange the values of two variables program has been executed and verified
successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 19
Date: 2.B. Circulate the values of n
variables Aim
To write a python program to circulate the values of n variables
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the values of two variables
Step 3: Display the values of the two variables before swapping.
Step 4: Process the following
Swapping of two variables using tuple assignment
operator. a,b=b,a
Step 5: Display the values of the two variables after swapping.
Step 6: Stop the program.

Program
print("Circulate the values of n
variables") list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
print("The given list is: ",list1)
n=int(input("Enter how many circulations are required:
")) circular_list=list1[n:]+list1[:n]
print("After",n,"circulation is: ",circular_list)

Output
Circulate the values of n variables
The given list is: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Enter how many circulations are required: 3
After %f circulation is: [40, 50, 10, 20, 30]

VSBEC-IT Page 20
Program
from collections import deque
lst=[1,2,3,4,5]
d=deque(lst)
print d
d.rotate(2)
print d

Output
deque([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
deque([4, 5, 1, 2, 3])

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus circulate the values of n variables program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 21
Date: 2.C. Distance between two points
Aim
To write a python program to find the distance between two points
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the values of two points (x1,y1,x2,y2)
Step 3: Process the following
Result=math.sqrt(((x2-x1)**2)+((y2-y1)**2))
Step 4: Display the result of distance between two points.
Step 5: Stop the program.
Program
import math
print("Enter the values to find the distance between two
points") x1=int(input("Enter X1 value: "))
y1=int(input("Enter Y1 value: "))
x2=int(input("Enter X2 value: "))
y2=int(input("Enter Y2 value: "))
Result=math.sqrt(((x2-x1)**2)+((y2-y1)**2))
print("Distance between two
points:",int(Result))

VSBEC-IT Page 22
Output
Enter the values to find the distance between two
points Enter X1 value: 2
Enter Y1 value: 4
Enter X2 value: 4
Enter Y2 value: 8
Distance between two points: 4

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the distance between two points program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 23
 3. Scientific problems using Conditionals and
Iterative loops

(Number series, Number Patterns, pyramid pattern)

VSBEC-IT Page 24
Date: 3.A. Number Series
Aim
To write a python program for the Number Series

a. Fibonacci sequence: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
34 Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the number of terms n
Step 3: Initialize f1 = -1, f2 = 1
Step 4: Process the following from i=0 to n
times f3=f1+f2
Display f3
Do the tuple assignment f1,f2=f2,f3
Step 5: Stop the program.

Program
print("Program for Number Series : Fibanacci
Sequence") n=int(input("How many terms? "))
f1=-1
f2=1
for i in range(n):
f3=f1+f2
print(f3,end=" ")
f1,f2=f2,f3

Output
Program for Number Series : Fibanacci
Sequence How many terms? 10
Fibonacci sequence: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

VSBEC-IT Page 25
b. Number Series: 12+22+…+n2
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the number of terms n
Step 3: Initialize sum=0
Step 4: Process the following from i=1 to n+1 times
Sum = sum + i**2

Step 5: Display sum

Step 6: Stop the program.
Program
print("Program for Number Series")
n=int(input("How many terms? "))
sum=0
for i in
range(1,n+1):
sum+=i**2
print("The sum of series = ",sum)

Output
Program for Number Series :
How many terms? 5
The sum of series = 55

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the number series program has been executed and verified successfully.
VSBEC-IT Page 26
Date: 3.B. Number Patterns
Aim
To write a python program for the Number Patterns
a. Number Pattern_Type
1 Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the number of rows
Step 3: Process the following from i=1 to rows+1 times
Step 3a: Process the following from j=0 to i
times
Display i
Step 4: Stop the program.

Program
print("Program for Number Pattern")
rows=int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))
for i in range(1,rows+1):
for j in range(0,i):
print(i,end=" ")
print(" ")
Output
Program for Number Pattern
Enter the number of rows: 5
1
22
333
4444
55555

VSBEC-IT Page 27
b. Number Pattern_Type
2 Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the number of rows
Step 3: Process the following from i=1 to rows+1 times
Step 3a: Process the following from j=1 to i+1 times
Display j
Step 4: Stop the
program.
Program
b. Number Pattern
print("Program for Number Pattern")
rows=int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))
for i in range(1,rows+1):
for j in
range(1,i+1):
print(j,end=" ")
print(" ")
Output
Program for Number Pattern
Enter the number of rows: 5
1
12
123
1234
12345

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

VSBEC-IT Page 28
Result
Thus the number patterns programs have been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 29
Date: 3.C. Pyramid Patterns
Aim
To write a python program for the Pyramid Patterns
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Read the number of rows
Step 3: Process the following from i=1 to rows+1 times
Step 3a: Process the following from space=1 to(rows- i)+1 times
Display empty space
Step 3b: Process the following from j=0 to 2*i-1 times
Display ‘*’
Step 4: Stop the program.
Program
Pyramid pattern
rows = int(input("Enter number of rows: "))
for i in range(1, rows+1):
for space in range(1, (rows-i)+1):
print(end=" ")
for j in range(0,2*i-
1): print("* ",
end="")
print()

VSBEC-IT Page 30
Output
Program for Pyramid Pattern
Enter the number of rows: 4
*
***
*****
*******

Particulars Marks Allotted Marks Obtained

Performance 50
Viva-voce 10
Record 15
Total 75

Result
Thus the pyramid pattern program has been executed and verified successfully.

VSBEC-IT Page 31
 4. Implementing
real-time/technical applications
using Lists, Tuples

(Items present in a library/Components of a car/

Materials required for construction of a building –
operations of list & tuples)

VSBEC-IT Page 1
4.A. Items present in a

library Algorithm

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Initialize the Library list with the following items "Books","e-Books”,
"Journals","Audiobooks","Manuscripts","Maps","Prints","Periodicals",
"Newspapers"
Step 3: Process the following from i in
Library Display i
Step 4: Remove an item “Prints” from Library
list Step 5: Display all items from Library list
Step 6: Remove 4th index item from Library list
Step 7: Display all items from Library list
Step 8: Delete all items from Library
list Step 9: Display the Library list
Step 10: Add an item "CD’s" to the Library list
Step 11: Insert an item "DVD's" at index 0 to the Library
list Step 12: Display the Library list
Step 13: Display an index of "DVD's" from the Library list
Step 14: Using slice operator deletes an item at index 0 from the Library
list Step 12: Display the Library list
Step 13: Stop the program

Program
print("Welcome to Varnika Advanced
Library") print(" ")
Library=["Books","e-
Books","Journals","Audiobooks","Manuscripts","Maps","Prints","Periodicals","Newspapers"]
for i in Library:
print(i)
print(" ")
print(Library)
Library.remove("Prints")
print(Library)
Library.pop(4)
print(Library)
Library.clear()
print(Library)
Library.append("CD’s")
print(Library)
Library.insert(0,"DVD's")
print(Library)
print(Library.index("DVD's"))
del Library[0:1]
print(Library)

VSBEC-IT Page 2
Output
Welcome to Varnika Advanced Library
Books
e-Books
Journals
Audiobooks
Manuscripts
Maps
Prints
Periodicals
Newspapers
['Books', 'e-Books', 'Journals', 'Audiobooks', 'Manuscripts', 'Maps', 'Prints', 'Periodicals',
'Newspapers']
['Books', 'e-Books', 'Journals', 'Audiobooks', 'Manuscripts', 'Maps', 'Periodicals', 'Newspapers']
['Books', 'e-Books', 'Journals', 'Audiobooks', 'Maps', 'Periodicals', 'Newspapers']
[]
['CD’s']
["DVD's", 'CD’s']
0
['CD’s']

4.B. Components of a

car Program
print("Components of a
car") print(" ")
Main_parts=["Chassis","Engine","Auxiliaries"]
Transmission_System=["Clutch","Gearbox", "Differential","Axle"]
Body=["Steering system","Braking system"]
print("Main Parts of the Car:",Main_parts)
print("Transmission systems of the Car:",Transmission_System)
print("Body of the Car:",Body)
total_parts=[]
total_parts.extend(Main_parts)
total_parts.extend(Transmission_System)
total_parts.extend(Body)
print(" ")
print("Total components of the
car:",len(total_parts)) print(" ")
total_parts.sort()
j=0
for i in total_parts:
j=j+1
print(j,i)

VSBEC-IT Page 3
Output
Components of a car
Main Parts of the Car: ['Chassis', 'Engine', 'Auxiliaries']
Transmission systems of the Car: ['Clutch', 'Gearbox', 'Differential', 'Axle']
Body of the Car: ['Steering system', 'Braking system']
Total components of the car: 9
1 Auxiliaries
2 Axle
3 Braking system
4 Chassis
5 Clutch
6 Differential
7 Engine
8 Gearbox
9 Steering system

4.C. Materials required for construction of a

building Program
print("Materials required for construction of a building")
print("Approximate Price: \n1.Cement:16%\n2.Sand:12%\n3.Aggregates:8%\n4.Steel
bars:24%\n5.Bricks:5%\n6.Paints:4%\n7.Tiles:8%\n8.Plumbing items:5%\n9.Electrical
items:5%\n10.Wooden products:10%\n11.Bathroom accessories:3%")
materials=("Cement/Bag","Sand/Cubic feet","Aggregates/Cubic feet","Steel
bars/Kilogram","Bricks/Piece","Paints/Litres","Tiles/Squre feet","Plumbing items/meter or
piece","Electrical items/meter or piece", "Wooden products/square feet", "Bathroom
accessories/piece")
price=[410,50,25,57,7,375,55,500,500,1000,1000]
for i in range(len(materials)):
print(materials[i],":",price[i])
print(" ")
#materials[0]="Glass items" -tuple is immutable
price[0]=500
for i in range(len(materials)):
print(materials[i],":",price[i])
print(" ")
print("Operations of tuple/list")
print(min(price))
print(max(price))
print(len(price))
print(sum(price))
print(sorted(price))
print(all(price))
print(any(price))

VSBEC-IT Page 4
Output
Materials required for construction of a
building Approximate Price:
1.Cement:16%
2.Sand:12%
3.Aggregates:8%
4.Steel bars:24%
5.Bricks:5%
6.Paints:4%
7.Tiles:8%
8.Plumbing items:5%
9.Electrical items:5%
10.Wooden products:10%
11.Bathroom accessories:3%
Cement/Bag : 410
Sand/Cubic feet : 50
Aggregates/Cubic feet : 25
Steel bars/Kilogram : 57
Bricks/Piece : 7
Paints/Litres : 375
Tiles/Squre feet : 55
Plumbing items/meter or piece : 500
Electrical items/meter or piece : 500
Wooden products/square feet : 1000
Bathroom accessories/piece : 1000
Cement/Bag : 500
Sand/Cubic feet : 50
Aggregates/Cubic feet : 25
Steel bars/Kilogram : 57
Bricks/Piece : 7
Paints/Litres : 375
Tiles/Squre feet : 55
Plumbing items/meter or piece : 500
Electrical items/meter or piece : 500
Wooden products/square feet : 1000
Bathroom accessories/piece : 1000
Operations of
tuple/list 7
1000
11
4069
[7, 25, 50, 55, 57, 375, 500, 500, 500, 1000, 1000]
True
True

VSBEC-IT Page 5
 5.Implementing real-time/technical
applications using Sets,
Dictionaries.

(Language, Components of an automobile, Elements of a

civil structure, etc.- operations of Sets & Dictionaries)

VSBEC-IT Page 6
5.A. Language

Program
LANGUAGE1 = {'Pitch', 'Syllabus', 'Script', 'Grammar', 'Sentences'};
LANGUAGE2 = {'Grammar', 'Syllabus', 'Context', 'Words',
'Phonetics'}; # set union
print("Union of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is ",LANGUAGE1 | LANGUAGE2)
# set intersection
print("Intersection of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is ",LANGUAGE1 &
LANGUAGE2)
# set difference
print("Difference of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is ",LANGUAGE1 - LANGUAGE2)
print("Difference of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is ",LANGUAGE2 - LANGUAGE1)
# set symmetric difference
print("Symmetric difference of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is ",LANGUAGE1 ^
LANGUAGE2)

Output
Union of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is {'Pitch', 'Syllabus', 'Phonetics', 'Script',
'Words', 'Grammar', 'Sentences', 'Context'}
Intersection of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is {'Syllabus', 'Grammar'}
Difference of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is {'Pitch', 'Sentences', 'Script'}
Difference of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is {'Context', 'Words', 'Phonetics'}
Symmetric difference of LANGUAGE1 and LANGUAGE2 is {'Pitch', 'Script', 'Words',
'Phonetics', 'Sentences', 'Context'}

5.B. Components of an

automobile Program
print("Components of an automobile")
print("\n")
print("Dictionary keys")
print(" ")
components={"Engine parts":["piston","cylinder head","oil pan","engine valves","combustion
chamber","gasket"],"Drive transmission and steering parts":["Adjusting nut","pitman arm
shaft","roller bearing","steering gear shaft"],"Suspension and brake parts":["Break pedal","Brake
lines","Rotors/drums","Break pads","Wheel cylinders"],"Electrical parts":
["Battery","Starter","Alternator","Cables"],"Body and chassis":["Roof panel","front panel","screen
pillar","Lights","Tyres"]}
for i in components.keys():
print(i)
print("\n")
print("Dictionary values")
print(" ")
for i in components.values():
print(i)

VSBEC-IT Page 7
print("\n")
print("Dictionary items")
print(" ")
for i in components.items():
print(i)
print("\n")
accessories={"Bumper":["front","back"]}
components.update(accessories)
components['Bumper']=["front and back"]
print("Dictionary items")
print(" ")
for i in components.items():
print(i)
print("\n")
print(len(components))
del components["Bumper"]
components.pop("Electrical parts")
components.popitem()
print("\n")
print("Dictionary items")
print(" ")
for i in components.items():
print(i)
components.clear();
print(components)

Output
Components of an automobile

Dictionary keys
Engine parts
Drive transmission and steering
parts Suspension and brake parts
Electrical parts
Body and chassis

Dictionary values
['piston', 'cylinder head', 'oil pan', 'engine valves', 'combustion chamber', 'gasket']
['Adjusting nut', 'pitman arm shaft', 'roller bearing', 'steering gear shaft']
['Break pedal', 'Brake lines', 'Rotors/drums', 'Break pads', 'Wheel
cylinders'] ['Battery', 'Starter', 'Alternator', 'Cables']
['Roof panel', 'front panel', 'screen pillar', 'Lights', 'Tyres']

VSBEC-IT Page 8
Dictionary items
('Engine parts', ['piston', 'cylinder head', 'oil pan', 'engine valves', 'combustion chamber', 'gasket'])
('Drive transmission and steering parts', ['Adjusting nut', 'pitman arm shaft', 'roller bearing',
'steering gear shaft'])
('Suspension and brake parts', ['Break pedal', 'Brake lines', 'Rotors/drums', 'Break pads', 'Wheel
cylinders'])
('Electrical parts', ['Battery', 'Starter', 'Alternator', 'Cables'])
('Body and chassis', ['Roof panel', 'front panel', 'screen pillar', 'Lights', 'Tyres'])

Dictionary items
('Engine parts', ['piston', 'cylinder head', 'oil pan', 'engine valves', 'combustion chamber', 'gasket'])
('Drive transmission and steering parts', ['Adjusting nut', 'pitman arm shaft', 'roller bearing',
'steering gear shaft'])
('Suspension and brake parts', ['Break pedal', 'Brake lines', 'Rotors/drums', 'Break pads', 'Wheel
cylinders'])
('Electrical parts', ['Battery', 'Starter', 'Alternator', 'Cables'])
('Body and chassis', ['Roof panel', 'front panel', 'screen pillar', 'Lights', 'Tyres'])
('Bumper', ['front and back'])

Dictionary items
('Engine parts', ['piston', 'cylinder head', 'oil pan', 'engine valves', 'combustion chamber', 'gasket'])
('Drive transmission and steering parts', ['Adjusting nut', 'pitman arm shaft', 'roller bearing',
'steering gear shaft'])
('Suspension and brake parts', ['Break pedal', 'Brake lines', 'Rotors/drums', 'Break pads', 'Wheel
cylinders'])
{}

VSBEC-IT Page 9
5.C. Elements of a civil structure

Program
print("Elements of a civil
structure") print(" ")
print("1.foundation \n2.floors \n3.walls \n4.beams and slabs \n5.columns \n6.roof
\n7.stairs\n8.parapet\n9.lintels\n10.Damp proof")
elements1={"foundation","floors","floors","walls","beams and
slabs","columns","roof","stairs","parapet","lintels"} print("\
n")
print(elements1)
print("\n")
elements1.add("damp proof") #add
print(elements1)
elements2={"plants","compound"}
print("\n")
print(elements2)
print("\n")
elements1.update(elements2) #extending
print(elements1)
elements1.remove("stairs") #data removed, if item not present raise error
print(elements1)
elements1.discard("hard floor") #data removed,if item not present not raise error
print(elements1)
elements1.pop()
print(elements1)
print(sorted(elements1))
print("\n")
print("set operations")
s1={"foundation","floors"}
s2={"floors","walls","beams"}
print(s1.symmetric_difference(s2))
print(s1.difference(s2))
print(s2.difference(s1))
print(s1.intersection(s2))
print(s1.union(s2))

Output
Elements of a civil structure
1.foundation
2.floors
3.walls
4.beams and
slabs 5.columns
6.roof
7.stairs

VSBEC-IT Page 10
8. parapet
9.lintels
10.Damp proof

{'stairs', 'floors', 'roof', 'walls', 'columns', 'lintels', 'foundation', 'beams and slabs', 'parapet'}

{'stairs', 'floors', 'roof', 'walls', 'columns', 'lintels', 'foundation', 'damp proof', 'beams and slabs',
'parapet'}

{'compound', 'plants'}

{'stairs', 'floors', 'roof', 'plants', 'walls', 'columns', 'compound', 'lintels', 'foundation', 'damp proof',
'beams and slabs', 'parapet'}
{'floors', 'roof', 'plants', 'walls', 'columns', 'compound', 'lintels', 'foundation', 'damp proof', 'beams
and slabs', 'parapet'}
{'floors', 'roof', 'plants', 'walls', 'columns', 'compound', 'lintels', 'foundation', 'damp proof', 'beams
and slabs', 'parapet'}
{'roof', 'plants', 'walls', 'columns', 'compound', 'lintels', 'foundation', 'damp proof', 'beams and
slabs', 'parapet'}
['beams and slabs', 'columns', 'compound', 'damp proof', 'foundation', 'lintels', 'parapet', 'plants',
'roof', 'walls']

set operations
{'foundation', 'beams', 'walls'}
{'foundation'}
{'beams', 'walls'}
{'floors'}
{'floors', 'beams', 'foundation', 'walls'}

VSBEC-IT Page 11
 6. Implementing programs using Functions.

(Factorial, largest number in a list, area of shape)

VSBEC-IT Page 12
6.A. Factorial

Program
def factorial(num): #function
definition fact=1
for i in range(1,num+1):
fact=fact*i
return fact
number=int(input("Please enter any number to find the factorial:"))
result=factorial(number) #function calling
print("Using functions - The factorial of %d = %d" %(number,result))

Output
Please enter any number to find the
factorial:6 Using functions - The factorial of
6 = 720

6.B. Largest number in a

list Program
def myMax(list1):
maxi = list1[0]
for x in list1:
if(x>maxi):
maxi=x
return maxi

list1 = [100, 200, 500, 150, 199, 487]

print("Largest element in the list is:", myMax(list1))

def myMax(list1):
maxi = list1[0]
for x in list1:
if(x>maxi):
maxi=x
return maxi

list1 = [100, 200, 500, 150, 199, 487]

print("Largest element in the list is:", myMax(list1))

Output
Largest element in the list is: 500

VSBEC-IT Page 13
6.C. Area of shape

Program
def calculate_area(name):
name=name.lower()
if name == "rectangle":
l = int(input("Enter rectangle's length: "))
b = int(input("Enter rectangle's breadth:
"))

# calculate area of rectangle

rect_area = l * b
print(f"The area of rectangle is {rect_area}.")

elif name == "square":

s = int(input("Enter square's side length: "))

# calculate area of square

sqt_area = s * s
print(f"The area of square is {sqt_area}.")

elif name == "triangle":

h = int(input("Enter triangle's height length: "))
b = int(input("Enter triangle's breadth length:
"))

# calculate area of
triangle tri_area = 0.5 * b
*h
print(f"The area of triangle is {tri_area}.")

elif name == "circle":

r = int(input("Enter circle's radius length:
")) pi = 3.14

# calculate area of
circle circ_area = pi * r
*r
print(f"The area of circle is {circ_area}.")

elif name == 'parallelogram':

b = int(input("Enter parallelogram's base length: "))
h = int(input("Enter parallelogram's height length:
"))

# calculate area of
parallelogram para_area = b * h

VSBEC-IT Page 14
 print(f"The area of parallelogram is {para_area}.")

else:
print("Sorry! This shape is not available")

VSBEC-IT Page 15
print("Calculate Shape Area:\nRectangle\nSquare\nTriangle\nCircle\nParallelogram")
shape_name=input("Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find: ")
calculate_area(shape_name)

Output
Calculate Shape Area:
Rectangle
Square
Triangle
Circle
Parallelogram
Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find:
Triangle Enter triangle's height length: 10
Enter triangle's breadth length: 5
The area of triangle is 25.0.

VSBEC-IT Page 16
 7. Implementing programs using Strings.
(reverse, palindrome, character count, replacing characters)

VSBEC-IT Page 17
7.A. String reverse

Program
def rev(string):
string="".join(reversed(string))
return string

s=input("Enter any string:")

print("The Original String
is:",end="") print(s)

print("The reversed string (using reversed function)

is:",end="") print(rev(s))

Output
Enter any string:Varnika
The Original String is:Varnika
The reversed string (using reversed function) is:akinraV

7.B. Palindrome

Program
string=input("Enter the string:")
string=string.casefold()
print(string)
rev_string=reversed(string)
if(list(string)==list(rev_string)):
print(f"Given string {string} is
Palindrome.") else:
print(f"Given string {string} is not Palindrome.")

Output
Enter the string:
Amma amma
Given string amma is Palindrome.

VSBEC-IT Page 18
7.C. Character count

Program
string=input("Enter the string:")
print("Total characters in the given string is",len(string))
char=input("Enter a character to count:")
val=string.count(char)
print(val,"\n")

Output
Enter the string:Megavarnika
Total characters in the given string is
11 Enter a character to count:a
3

7.D. Replacing characters

Program
string=input("Enter the string:")
str1=input("Enter old string:")
str2=input("Enter replacable string:")
print(string.replace(str1,str2))

Output
Enter the string:Problem Solving and Python
Programming Enter old string:Python
Enter replacable string:Java
Problem Solving and Java Programming

VSBEC-IT Page 19
 8. Implementing programs using
written modules and Python Standard
Libraries
(numpy, pandas, Matplotlib, scipy)

VSBEC-IT Page 20
8.A. Numpy

Program
#1D array
import numpy as np
arr=np.array([10,20,30,40,50])
print("1 D array:\n",arr)
print(" ")
#2D array (matrix)
import numpy as
np
arr = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6]])
print("\n2 D array:\n",arr)
print("\n2nd element on 1st row is: ",
arr[0,1]) print(" ")
#3D array
(matrices) import
numpy as np
arr = np.array([[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], [[1,2,3], [4,5,6]]])
print("\n3 D array:\n",arr)
print("\n3rd element on 2nd row of the 1st matrix is",arr[0,1,2])

Output
1 D array:
[10 20 30 40 50]

2 D array:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

2nd element on 1st row is: 2

3 D array:
[[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]]

3rd element on 2nd row of the 1st matrix is 6

VSBEC-IT Page 21
8.B. Pandas

Program

import pandas
mydata=['a','b','c','d','e']
myvar=pandas.Series(mydata)
print(myvar)
print("\n")
mydataset={'cars':["BMW","Volvo","Ford"], 'passings':[3,7,2]}
print(mydataset)
myvar=pandas.DataFrame(mydataset)
print(myvar)

Output
0 a
1 b
2 c
3 d
4 e
dtype: object

{'cars': ['BMW', 'Volvo', 'Ford'], 'passings': [3, 7, 2]}

cars passings
0 BMW 3
1 Volvo 7
2 Ford 2

8.C. Scipy

1.Program
from scipy import constants
print(constants.minute)
print(constants.hour)
print(constants.day)
print(constants.week)
print(constants.year)
print(constants.Julian_year)
print(constants.kilo) #printing the kilometer unit (in meters)
print(constants.gram) #printing the gram unit (in kilograms)
print(constants.mph) #printing the miles-per-hour unit (in meters per seconds)
print(constants.inch)

VSBEC-IT Page 22
1. Output
60.0
3600.0
86400.0
604800.0
31536000.0
31557600.0
1000.0
0.001
0.44703999999999994
0.0254

2. Program
import numpy as np
from scipy import io as
sio array = np.ones((4, 4))
sio.savemat('example.mat', {'ar': array})
data = sio.loadmat("example.mat", struct_as_record=True)
data['ar']

2.Output
array([[1., 1., 1., 1.],
[1., 1., 1., 1.],
[1., 1., 1., 1.],
[1., 1., 1., 1.]])

8.D. Ma

tplotlib

1.Program
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.plot([-1,-4.5,16,23])
plt.show()
plt.plot([10,200,10,200,10,200,10,200])
plt.show()
xpoints=np.array([0,6])
ypoints=np.array([0,250])
plt.plot(xpoints,ypoints)
plt.show()

VSBEC-IT Page 23
1. Output

VSBEC-IT Page 24
2. Program
from scipy import misc
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#get face image of panda from misc package
panda = misc.face()
#plot or show image of face
plt.imshow( panda )
plt.show()

2. Output

VSBEC-IT Page 25
 9. Implementing
real-time/technical applications
using File handling.
(copy from one file to another, word count, longest word)

VSBEC-IT Page 26
9.A. Copy from one file to another

Program

from shutil import copyfile

sourcefile = input("Enter source file name: ")
destinationfile = input("Enter destination file name: ")
copyfile(sourcefile, destinationfile)
print("File copied successfully!")
c = open(destinationfile, "r")
print(c.read())
c.close()

Output
Source File Name: mega.txt
Hello India

Enter source file name: mega.txt

Enter destination file name: varnika.txt
File copied successfully!
Hello India

9.B. Word

count Program
file=open("mega.txt","r")
data=file.read()
words=data.split()
print("Number of words in text file:",len(words))

Output
Source File Name: mega.txt
Hello India

Number of words in text file: 2

VSBEC-IT Page 27
9.C. Longest word

Program
def longest_word(filename):
with open(filename,"r")as
infile:
words=infile.read().split()
max_len=len(max(words,key=len))
return [word for word in words if
len(word)==max_len] file_name=input("Enter the file
name:") print(longest_word(file_name))

Output
Source File Name: mega.txt
Welcome to India

Enter the file name:mega.txt

['Welcome']

VSBEC-IT Page 28
 10. Implementing real-time/technical
applications using Exception handling

(divide by zero error, voter’s age validity, student mark

range validation)

VSBEC-IT Page 29
10.A. Divide by zero error

Program
a=int(input("Enter the value of a:"))
b=int(input("Enter the value of
b:")) try:
c=a/b
print("Divide a / b:",c)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Found Divide by Zero Error!")

Output
Enter the value of
a:50 Enter the value
of b:0
Found Divide by Zero Error!

10.B. Voter’s age

validity Program

try:
age=int(input("Enter your age:"))
if age>18:
print("Eligible to vote")
else:
print("Not eligible to vote")
except ValueError as err:
print(err)
finally:
print("Thank you")

Output

Enter your age:21

Eligible to vote
Thank you

Enter your age:17

Not eligible to vote
Thank you

Enter your age:varnika

invalid literal for int() with base 10:
'varnika' Thank you

VSBEC-IT Page 30
10.C. Student mark range validation

Program
try:
python=int(input("Enter marks of the Python subject:
")) print("Python Subject Grade",end=" ")
if(python>=90):
print("Grade: O")
elif(python>=80 and python<90):
print("Grade: A+")
elif(python>=70 and python<80):
print("Grade: A")
elif(python>=60 and python<70):
print("Grade: B+")
elif(python>=50 and python<60):
print("Grade: B")
else:
print("Grade: U")
except:
print("Entered data is wrong, Try
Again") finally:
print("Thank you")

Output
Enter marks of the Python subject: 95
Python Subject Grade Grade: O
Thank you

Enter marks of the Python subject: a

Entered data is wrong, Try Again
Thank you

VSBEC-IT Page 31