Phospholipids (Fats With Phosphorous Attached), Which at Body Temperature Are

Mosaic properties of cell membranes
The fluid-mosaic model describes the plasma membrane of animal cells. The plasma membrane that surrounds these cells has two layers (a bilayer) of phospholipids (fats with phosphorous attached), which at body temperature are like vegetable oil (fluid). And the structure of the plasma membrane supports the old saying, Oil and water dont mix.
Microtubules are conveyer belts inside the cells. They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. They also serve a cytoskeletal role. Structurally, they are linear polymers of tubulin which is a globular protein. These linear polymers are called protofilaments. The figure to the left shows a three dimensional view of a microtubule.
INTERMIDIATE FILAMENTS
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a family of related proteins that share common structural and sequence features. Intermediate filaments have an average diameter of 10 nanometers, which is between that of actin (microfilaments) and microtubules, although they were initially designated 'intermediate' because their average diameter is between those of narrower microfilaments (actin) and wider myosin filaments.[1] Most types of intermediate filaments are cytoplasmic, but one type, the lamins, are nuclear.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is repsonible for the production of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles. The ER contains a great amount of folds - but the membrane forms a single sheet enclosing a single closed sac. This internal space is called the ER lumen. The ER is additionally responsible for moving proteins and other carbohydrates to the Golgi apparatus, to the plasma membrane, to the lysosomes, or wherever else needed.
There are two types of ER - rough, which is coated with ribosomes, and smooth, which isn't. Rough ER is the site of protein synthesis. The smooth ER is where the vesicles carrying newly synthesized proteins (from the rough ER) are budded off
(1) A minute particle composed of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) that serves as the site of protein synthesis. (2) A molecule consisting of two subunits that fit together and work as one to build proteins according to the genetic sequence held within the messenger RNA (mRNA). Using the mRNA as a template, the ribosome traverses each codon, pairing it with the appropriate amino acid. This is done through interacting with transfer RNA (tRNA) containing a complementary anticodon on one end and the appropriate amino acid on the other. (3) A sphere-shaped structure found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Some ribosomes occur freely in the cytosol whereas others are attached to the nuclear membrane or to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) giving the latter a rough appearance, hence, the name rough ER or rER.
MITOCHONDRIA
Mitochondria are the energy factories of the cells. The energy currency for the work that animals must do is the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP is produced in the mitochondria using energy stored in food. Just as the chloroplasts in plants act as sugar factories for the supply of ordered molecules to the plant, the mitochondria in animals and plants act to produce the ordered ATP molecules as the energy supply for the processes of life.
LYSOSOMES
Lysosomes are the cell's waste disposal system and can digest many compounds. They are used for the digestion of macromolecules from phagocytosis (ingestion of other dying cells or larger extracellular material, like foreign invading microbes), endocytosis (where receptor proteins are recycled from the cell surface), and autophagy (where in old or unneeded organelles or proteins, or microbes that have invaded the cytoplasm are delivered to the lysosome). Autophagy may also lead to
autophagic cell death, a form of programmed self-destruction, or autolysis, of the cell, which means that the cell is digesting itself.
It processes and packages macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the cellular endomembrane system.
VACUOLE
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal[1] and bacterial cells.[2] Vacuoles are essentially
enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of these.[3] The organelle has no basic shape or size; its structure varies according to the needs of the cell.
CENTRIOLE
A centriole is a barrel-shaped cell structure[1] found in most animal eukaryotic cells, though it is absent in higher plants and most fungi.[2] The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the cytoskeleton).
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Phospholipids (Fats With Phosphorous Attached), Which at Body Temperature Are

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phospholipids (Fats With Phosphorous Attached), Which at Body Temperature Are

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phospholipids (Fats With Phosphorous Attached), Which at Body Temperature Are

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mosaic properties of cell membranes

You might also like