Life is all about Repetition.

We do same thing everyday

What is loop?
 Loop is used to execute the block of code several times according to the condition
given in the loop. It means it executes the same code multiple times.

“Hello” 5

Output

printf("Hello\n"); Hello
printf("Hello\n"); Hello loop(condition)
{
printf("Hello\n"); Hello //statements
printf("Hello\n"); Hello }

printf("Hello\n"); Hello
if v/s while

Flowchart of if v/s Flowchart of while

False False
condition condition

True True

… …
Looping or Iterative Statements in C
Looping Statements are

Entry Controlled Loop: while, for

Exit Controlled Loop: do…while
Virtual Loop: goto
do…while
 How do...while loop works?
 The body of do...while loop is executed once. Only then, the testExpression is
evaluated.
 If testExpression is true, the body of the loop is executed again and testExpression
is evaluated once more.
 This process goes on until testExpression becomes false.
 If testExpression is false, the loop ends.
do…while Example
 #include <stdio.h>
 int main()
{
 int i=0;
 do
 {
 printf("while vs do-while\n");
 }
 while(i==1);
 printf("Out of loop");
}


While loop
While Loop
 while is an entry controlled loop
 Statements inside the body of while are repeatedly executed till the condition is
true
 while is keyword
Syntax
while(condition)
{
// Body of the while
// true part
}
Example print sum of n natural no
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=1,n,sum=0;
printf("Enter no");
scanf("%d", &n);
while (i <= n)
{
sum = sum+i;

i++;
}
printf("%d ",sum);
return 0;
}
WAP to print 1 to n(while loop)

Program Output
1 #include <stdio.h> Enter n:10
2 void main() 1
3 { 2
4 int i,n; 3
5 i=1; 4
6 printf("Enter n:"); 5
7 scanf("%d",&n); 6
8 while(i<=n) 7
9 { 8
10 printf("%d\n",i); 9
11 i=i+1; 10
12 }
13 }
WAP to print multiplication table(while loop)

Program Output
1 #include<stdio.h> Enter n for multiplication table:5
2 void main() 5 * 1 = 5
3 { 5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
4 int i=1,n;
5 * 4 = 20
5 printf("Enter n for multiplication table:"); 5 * 5 = 25
6 scanf("%d",&n); 5 * 6 = 30
7 while(i<=10) 5 * 7 = 35
8 { 5 * 8 = 40
9 printf("%d * %d = %d\n",n,i,n*i); 5 * 9 = 45
10 i=i+1; 5 * 10 = 50
11 }
12 }
WAP to Sum of n natural numbers entered by user(while loop)

Program Output
1 #include<stdio.h> Enter a number=10
2 void main() Enter a number=20
3 { Enter a number=30
Enter a number=40
4 int sum=0, i=1,n;
Enter a number=50
5 printf("Enter a number="); Sum is=150
6 scanf("%d",&n);
7
8 while(i<=n)
9 {
10 sum=sum+n;
11 i=i+1;
12 }
13 printf("Sum is=%d",sum);
}
WAP to find factors of a number(while loop)

Program Output
1 #include <stdio.h> Enter n to find factors=12
2 void main() 1,2,3,4,6,12,
3 {
4 int i=1,n;
5 printf("Enter n to find factors=");
6 scanf("%d",&n);
7 while(i<=n)
8 {
9 if(n%i==0)
10 printf("%d,",i);
11 i=i+1;
12 }
13 }
WAP to print reverse a number(while loop)

Program Output
1 #include <stdio.h> Enter a number=1234
2 void main() 4321
3 {
4 int n;
5 printf("Enter a number=");
6 scanf("%d",&n);
7 while(n!=0)
8 {
9 printf("%d",n%10);
10 n=n/10;
11 }
12 }
WAP to check given number is perfect or not(while loop)
1 void main(){
2 int i=1,n,sum=0;
3 printf("Enter a number:"); Output
4 scanf("%d",&n); Enter a number:6
5 while(i<n) 1+2+3=6
6 is a perfect number
6 {
7 if(n%i==0)
Output
8 {
9 printf("%d+",i); Enter a number:8
1+2+4+=7
10 sum=sum+i;
8 is not a perfect number
11 }
12 i=i+1;
Output
13 }
14 printf("=%d",sum); Enter a number:496
1+2+4+8+16+31+62+124+248+=496
15 if(sum==n) 496 is a perfect number
16 printf("\n%d is a perfect number",n);
17 else
18 printf("\n%d is not a perfect number",n);
19 }


for loop
for Loop
 for is an entry controlled loop
 Statements inside the body of for are repeatedly executed till the condition is true
 for is keyword
Syntax
for (initialization; condition; updateStatement)
{
// statements
}

 The initialization statement is executed only once.

 Then, the condition is evaluated. If the condition is false, the for loop is
terminated.
 If the condition is true, statements inside the body of for loop are executed, and
the update statement is updated.
 Again the condition is evaluated.
WAP to print numbers 1 to n (for loop)

Program Output
1 #include<stdio.h> Enter a number:5
2 void main() 1
3 { 2
4 int i,n; 3
5 printf("Enter a number:"); 4
6 scanf("%d",&n); 5
7 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
8 {
9 printf("%d\n",i);
10 }
11 }
WAP to find factors of a number (for loop)

Program Output
1 #include <stdio.h> Enter n to find factors=12
2 void main() 1,2,3,4,6,12,
3 {
4 int i,n;
5 printf("Enter n to find factors=");
6 scanf("%d",&n);
7 for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
8 {
9 if(n%i==0)
10 printf("%d,",i);
11 }
12 }
WAP to check given number is perfect or not(for loop)
1 void main(){
2 int i,n,sum=0;
3 printf("Enter a number:"); Output
4 scanf("%d",&n); Enter a number:6
5 for(i=1;i<n;i++) 1+2+3=6
6 is a perfect number
6 {
7 if(n%i==0)
Output
8 {
9 printf("%d+",i); Enter a number:8
1+2+4+=7
10 sum=sum+i;
8 is not a perfect number
11 }
12 }
Output
13 printf("=%d",sum);
14 if(sum==n) Enter a number:496
1+2+4+8+16+31+62+124+248+=496
15 printf("\n%d is a perfect number",n); 496 is a perfect number
16 else
17 printf("\n%d is not a perfect number",n);
18 }


do while loop
do while Loop
 do while is an exit controlled loop.
 Statements inside the body of do while are repeatedly executed till the condition
is true.
 Do and while are keywords. Syntax
do
{
// statement
}
while (condition);

 Loop body will be executed first, and then condition is checked.

 If the condition is true, the body of the loop is executed again and the condition is
evaluated.
 This process goes on until the condition becomes false.
 If the condition is false, the loop ends.
WAP to print Odd numbers between 1 to n(do while loop)

Program Output
1 void main() Enter a number:5
2 { 1,3,5
3 int i=1,n;
4 printf("Enter a number:");
5 scanf("%d",&n);
6 do
7 {
8 if(i%2!=0)
9 {
10 printf("%d,",i);
11 }
12 i=i+1;
13 }
14 while(i<=n);
15 }
WAP to find factors of a number(do while loop)

Program Output
1 void main() Enter a number:6
2 { 1,2,3,6,
3 int i=1,n;
4 printf("Enter a number:");
5 scanf("%d",&n);
6 do
7 {
8 if(n%i==0)
9 {
10 printf("%d,",i);
11 }
12 i=i+1;
13 }
14 while(i<=n);
15 }
WAP to print reverse a number(do while loop)

Program Output
1 void main() Enter a number=1234
2 { 4321
3 int n;
4 printf("Enter a number:");
5 scanf("%d",&n);
6 do
7 {
8 printf("%d",n%10);
9 n=n/10;
10 }
11 while(n!=0);
12 }


goto statement
WAP to print Odd numbers between 1 to n(goto)

Program Output
1 void main() Enter a number:5
2 { 1,3,5
3 int i=1,n;
4 printf("Enter a number:");
5 scanf("%d",&n);
6 odd:
7 if(i%2!=0)
8 {
9 printf("%d,",i);
10 }
11 i=i+1;
12 if(i<=n)
13 {
14 goto odd;
15 }
16 }
WAP to find factors of a number(goto)

Program Output
1 void main() Enter a number:6
2 { 1,2,3,6,
3 int i=1,n;
4 printf("Enter a number:");
5 scanf("%d",&n);
6 odd:
7 if(n%i==0)
8 {
9 printf("%d,",i);
10 }
11 i=i+1;
12 if(i<=n)
13 {
14 goto odd;
15 }
16 }
Types of loops
Entry Control Loop Entry Control Loop Exit Control Loop Virtual Loop
int i=1; int i; int i=1; int i=1;
while(i<=10) for(i=1;i<=10;i++) do labelprint:
{ { { printf("%d",i++);
printf("%d",i++); printf("%d",i); printf("%d",i++); if(i<=10)
} } } goto labelprint;
while(i<=10);

False
Loop Body Label Statement
condition
True True
condition condition
Loop Body
False True False
goto


Pattern
Always detect pattern in pattern
Pattern
There are important points to note in pattern
1. Determine, how many rows?
2. Determine, how many numbers/characters/columns in a row?
3. Determine, Increment/Decrement among the number of rows.
4. Determine, starting in each row

1 1 1 *
11 12 23 * *
111 123 456 * * *
1111 1234 78910 * * * *
11111 12345 * * *
* *
*
WAP to print given pattern (nested loop)
* Program
** 1 void main()
*** 2 {
**** 3 int i,j;
***** 4 for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
5 {
No. of rows: 5 6 for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
No. of characters 7 {
Row-1: * 8 printf("*");
Row-2: ** 9 }
Row-3: *** 10 printf("\n");
Row-4: **** 11 }
Row-5: ***** 12 }

Inner loop: Increment

Outer loop: Increment

Starting: *
WAP to print given pattern (nested loop)
1 Program
12 1 void main()
123 2 {
1234 3 int i,j;
12345 4 for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
5 {
No. of rows: 5 6 for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
No. of values 7 {
Row-1: 1 8 printf("%d",j);
Row-2: 12 9 }
Row-3: 123 10 printf("\n");
Row-4: 1234 11 }
Row-5: 12345 12 }

Inner loop: Increment

Outer loop: Increment

Starting: 1
WAP to print given pattern (nested loop)
5 Program
54 1 void main()
543 2 {
5432 3 int i,j;
54321 4 for(i=5;i>0;i--)
5 {
No. of rows: 5
6 for(j=5; j>=i ; j--)
No. of values 7 {
Row-1: 5 8 printf("%d",j);
Row-2: 54 9 }
Row-3: 543 10 printf("\n");
Row-4: 5432 11 }
Row-5: 54321 12 }

Inner loop: Decrement

Outer loop:
Decrement/Increment
Starting: 5
WAP to print given pattern (nested loop)
* Program
** 1 void main() First we need to print 4
*** 2 { spaces before printing *
**** 3 int i,j,k;
***** 4 for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
*
5 {
No. of rows: 5 6 for(k=5;k>i;k--) **

No. of values 7 { ***

Row-1: ----* 8 printf(" ");
****
Row-2: ---** 9 }
Row-3: --*** 10 for(j=1;j<=i;j++) *****
Row-4: -**** 11 {
Row-5: ***** 12 printf("*"); After printing spaces
13 } this inner loop prints *
Inner loop: Decrement 14 printf("\n");
Outer loop: Decrement/Increment 15 }
16 }
Starting: -(space)
Ending: *
Practice programs
1) Write a program to find sum of first N odd numbers. Ex. 1+3+5+7+………..+N
2) Write a program to find 1+1/2+1/3+1/4+....+1/n.
3) Write a program to print all Armstrong numbers in a given range. For example 153 = 1^3 + 5^3 +
3^3. So, 153 is Armstrong number.
4) Write a program to print given number in reverse order
5) Write a program to check whether a given string is palindrome or not.
6) Write a program to print Multiplication Table up to n.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 .
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 .
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 .
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 .
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 .
. . . . . . . .

7) Construct C programs to print the following patterns using loop statement.

1 1 1 * * * * * * * * * *
22 2 2 A B * * * * * *
333 3 3 3 2 3 4 * * * * *
4444 4 4 4 4 C D E F * * * * * * *
55555 *


Thank you