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Arithmetic Operators

The document provides examples of arithmetic operators in Java including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, increment, decrement, modulo, and order of operations. It demonstrates how to perform calculations with integers and doubles, as well as how to cast between types. Examples are given for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, incrementing, decrementing, modulo, and order of operations using various data types. Challenges are provided to modify the examples, such as changing types or operators.

Uploaded by

Tushar Mudgal
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Arithmetic Operators

The document provides examples of arithmetic operators in Java including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, increment, decrement, modulo, and order of operations. It demonstrates how to perform calculations with integers and doubles, as well as how to cast between types. Examples are given for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, incrementing, decrementing, modulo, and order of operations using various data types. Challenges are provided to modify the examples, such as changing types or operators.

Uploaded by

Tushar Mudgal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The

addition operator works as you would expect with numbers.

System.out.print(7 + 3);

You can also add two variables together.

int a = 7;
int b = 3;
System.out.print(a + b);

challenge

Make a of type double(e.g. double a = 7.0; )?


Make b a negative number (e.g. int b = -3; )?
Make b an explicitly positive number (e.g. int b = +3; )
Incrementing a variable means to change the value of a variable
by a set amount. You will most often have a counting variable,
which means you will increment by 1.

int a = 0;
a = a + 1;
System.out.print(a);

a = a + 1

The variable a appears twice on the same line of code. But each
instance of a refers to something different.

How to Read a = a + 1

++ +=

Incrementing is a common task for programmers. Many


programming languages have developed a shorthand for a = a +
1 because of this, a++ does the same thing as a = a + 1 .
int a = 0;
int b = 0;
a = a + 1;
b++;
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);

In the cases you need to increment by a different number, you


can specify it using the += operator. You can replace b++; with
b+=1; in the above code and get the same result.

challenge

Change b such that b+=2 ?


Change b such that b+=-1 ?

Change b such that b-=1 ?


String Concatenation

String Concatenation
String concatenation is the act of combining two strings together.
This is done with the + operator.

String a = "This is an ";


String b = "example string";
String c = a + b;
System.out.println(c);

challenge

What happens if you:


Concatenate two strings without an extra space (i.e. a =
"This is an" )?

Use the += operator instead of the + operator


(i.e. a+=b; )?
Add 3 to a string?
Add "3" to a string?
int a = 10;
int b = 3;
int c = a - b;
System.out.println(c);

challenge

Change b to -3 ?
Change c to c = a - -b ?

Change b to 3.0 ?

-- -=

Decrementing is the opposite of incrementing. Just like you can


increment with ++ , you can decrement using -- .

int a = 10;
a--;
System.out.println(a);

Like += , there is a shorthand for decrementing a variable - -= .


You might be able to concatenate strings with the + operator,
but you cannot use the - operator with them.

String a = "one two three";


String b = "one";
String c = a - b;
System.out.println(c);
Division in Java is done with the / operator

double a = 25;
double b = 4;
System.out.println(a / b);

challenge

Change b to 0 ?
Change b to 0.5 ?
Change the code to

double a = 25;
double b = 4;
a /= b;
System.out.println(a);

Hint
/= works similar to += and -=

Normally, you use double in Java division since the result


usually involves decimals. If you use integers, the division
operator returns an int . This “integer division” does not round
up, nor round down. It removes the decimal value from the
answer.

.guides/img/intDivision

int a = 5;
int b = 2;
System.out.println(a / b);
Type casting (or type conversion) is when you change the data
type of a variable.

int numerator = 40;


int denominator = 25;
System.out.println( numerator / denominator);
System.out.println( (double) numerator / denominator);

numerator and denominator are integers, but (double) converts


numerator into a double.

challenge

Cast only denominator to a double?


Cast both numerator and denominator to a double?
Cast the result to a double (i.e. (double)(numerator /
denominator) )?

More Info
If either or both numbers in Java division are a double , then
double division will occur. In the last example, numerator and
denominator are both int when the division takes place - then
the integer division result is converted to a double.

What do you think the code below will print?


int a = 5;
String b = "3";
System.out.println(a + b);

When you try to print an integer and a string added together,


Java will automatically convert the integer into a string. This
occurs because the system attempts to perform string
concatenation. This is why the code above resulted in 53 . To
perform integer addition, you can convert b to an integer.

int a = 5;
String b = "3";
System.out.println(a + Integer.parseInt(b));

Data read from the keyboard or a file is always stored as a string.


If you want to use this data, you will need to know how to
convert it to the proper data type.

challenge

Parse a String to a double using Double.parseDouble()

Parse a String to a boolean using Boolean.parseBoolean()

Convert a different type to a string with String.valueOf()


Modulo is the mathematical operation that performs division but
returns the remainder. The modulo operator is % .

Modulo

int modulo = 5 % 2;
System.out.println(modulo);

challenge

Change modulo to 5 % -2 ?
Change modulo to 5 % 0 ?
Change modulo to 5 % 2.0 ?
Java uses the * operator for multiplication.

int a = 5;
int b = 10;
System.out.println(a * b);

challenge

Change b to 0.1 ?
Change b to -3 ?

Hint
*= works similar to += and -=
Java uses the PEMDAS method for determining order of
operations.

PEMDAS

The code below should output 10.0 .

int a = 2;
int b = 3;
int c = 4;
double result = 3 * a - 2 / (b + 5) + c;
System.out.println(result);

Explanation
The first step is to compute b + 5 (which is 8 ) because it is
surrounded by parentheses.
Next, do the multiplication and division going from left to
right. 3 * a is 6 .
2 divided by 8 is 0 (remember, the / operator returns an
int when you use two int s so 0.25 becomes 0 ).

Next, addition and subtraction from left to right - 6 - 0 to get


6 .

Finally, add 6 and 4 together to get 10.0 .


challenge

5 + 7 - 10 * 3 /0.5
Solution
-48.0
(5 * 8) - 7 % 2 - (-1 * 18)
Solution
57.0
9 / 3 + (100 % 0.5) - 3
Solution
0.0

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