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    Design of Piston

    Uploaded by

    mohil thakor
    This document discusses the design of piston parts for an internal combustion engine. It describes the main parts of a piston including the piston head, rings, skirt, and pin. It then discusses design considerations for pistons including strength, mass, sealing, wear resistance, heat dissipation, and rigidity. The document provides formulas and guidelines for designing aspects of the piston including the head thickness, barrel thickness, ring dimensions, skirt length, reinforcing rib thickness, and pin diameter. The goal of the design is for the piston to withstand combustion pressures and forces efficiently.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Design of Piston

    Uploaded by

    mohil thakor
    95 views22 pages
    This document discusses the design of piston parts for an internal combustion engine. It describes the main parts of a piston including the piston head, rings, skirt, and pin. It then discusses design considerations for pistons including strength, mass, sealing, wear resistance, heat dissipation, and rigidity. The document provides formulas and guidelines for designing aspects of the piston including the head thickness, barrel thickness, ring dimensions, skirt length, reinforcing rib thickness, and pin diameter. The goal of the design is for the piston to withstand combustion pressures and forces efficiently.

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    Design of piston

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    This document discusses the design of piston parts for an internal combustion engine. It describes the main parts of a piston including the piston head, rings, skirt, and pin. It then discusses design considerations for pistons including strength, mass, sealing, wear resistance, heat dissipation, and rigidity. The document provides formulas and guidelines for designing aspects of the piston including the head thickness, barrel thickness, ring dimensions, skirt length, reinforcing rib thickness, and pin diameter. The goal of the design is for the piston to withstand combustion pressures and forces efficiently.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    95 views22 pages

    Design of Piston

    Uploaded by

    mohil thakor
    This document discusses the design of piston parts for an internal combustion engine. It describes the main parts of a piston including the piston head, rings, skirt, and pin. It then discusses design considerations for pistons including strength, mass, sealing, wear resistance, heat dissipation, and rigidity. The document provides formulas and guidelines for designing aspects of the piston including the head thickness, barrel thickness, ring dimensions, skirt length, reinforcing rib thickness, and pin diameter. The goal of the design is for the piston to withstand combustion pressures and forces efficiently.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    Presentation Title - 1

    Subject: Machine design


    style : Design of I C Engine Parts
    • FontChapter
    • ComicTopic Design of Piston
    Sans:MS
    For More Study Material
    WebSite – https://www.gtustudies.com/
    Youtube Channel -https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnsMrOjJSQI0IzO3b7quSZQ

    Prof Vishal T Patel

    www.GTUSTUDIES.com
    GTUSTUDIES
    Piston of I C Engine
    What is Piston?
    Piston is just a open ended trunk type disc which reciprocates because of
    Process on fluids.

    Function of Piston:

    Function of Piston is to receive the Impulse force from the Gas produced
    by combustion of fuel and transmit the energy through the connecting rod
    to Crank shaft

    GTUSTUDIES
    Design of Piston

    Main Parts of Piston


    1.Piston Head or Crown
    2.Piston rings
    3.Skirt
    4.Piston pin

    GTUSTUDIES
    Materials of Piston
    1. Cast Iron - good for Piston speed below 6 m/s.

    2. Aluminium Alloys – god for piston above 6 m/s.

    3. Alloy cast steel and Forged steel

    GTUSTUDIES
    Design Consideration of Piston
    1. It should have enormous strength to withstand the high gas pressure and inertia
    forces.

    2. It should have minimum mass to minimise the inertia forces.

    3. It should form an effective gas and oil sealing of the cylinder.

    4. It should provide sufficient bearing area to prevent undue wear.

    5. It should disperse the heat of combustion quickly to the cylinder walls.

    6. It should have high speed reciprocation without noise.

    7. It should be of sufficient rigid construction to withstand thermal and mechanical


    distortion.

    8. It should have sufficient support for the piston pin.


    GTUSTUDIES
    Design of Piston
    Design of Piston head

    Design of Piston barrel

    Design Piston rings

    Design of Piston Skirt

    Design of Reinforcing ribs

    Design of Piston Pins

    Piston Clearance
    GTUSTUDIES
    1. Design of Piston Head
    Thickness of Piston head can be determined based on
    1. Strength and 2. Heat Dissipation

    1. Thickness Based on Strength

    𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙
    tph = 0.433 × D
    𝝈𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒑

    Where, D = Diameter of Piston in mm,


    Pmax = maximum pressure inside the cylinder N/mm2
    σallp = Allowable tensile stress for piston in Mpa

    GTUSTUDIES
    1. Design of Piston Head
    2. Thickness Based on Heat Dissipation

    Rate of Heat absorption by piston from Gases = Rate of heat Dissipation

    tph =
    𝐗 𝒃𝒔𝒇𝒄 𝐁.𝑷 (𝐇𝐂𝐕)
    𝟒𝛑𝐊 𝜟𝑻

    Where, X = Fraction representing the part of heat absorbed by piston head = 0.05
    (bsfc) = break specific fuel consumption, kg/kW-s
    B.P = Brake Power, kW
    HCV = Higher Calorific value, J/kg
    K = Thermal conductivity of piston head material, W/m C
    𝜟𝑻 = Tc – To , C
    Tc = Temperature at the center of piston head , C
    To = temperature at the outer surface, CC
    GTUSTUDIES
    2. Design of Piston Barrel
    Thickness Based on Heat Dissipation

    For Effective Heat flow,

    tpb = tph

    GTUSTUDIES
    3. Design of Piston rings

    GTUSTUDIES
    3. Design of Piston rings
    1. Radial thickness of the piston ring (tr)

    a1 or tr = D
    𝟑 × 𝑷𝒘
    𝝈𝒃𝒓

    Where, D = Diameter of Piston in mm,


    Pw = radial wall pressure between the piston ring and cylinder wall, N/mm2
    = 0.03 N/mm2 to 0.06 N/mm2

    σbr = Allowable bending stress for piston ring, N/mm2

    = 90 N/mm2 to 120 N/mm2

    GTUSTUDIES
    3. Design of Piston rings
    2. Axial width of the piston ring (br)

    h1 or br = 0.75 to 1 * tr

    3. Number of Piston ring (z)

    z = D / (10 * br)

    4. Width of lands on piston between the ring grooves (b1)

    b1 = 0.75 to 1 br
    GTUSTUDIES
    3. Design of Piston rings
    5. Width of the top land (bo)

    bo = 1 to 1.25 tph

    6. Gap between fee ring ends (Gr)

    Gr = 3 to 4 * (tr or a1)

    GTUSTUDIES
    4. Design of Piston skirt

    GTUSTUDIES
    4. Design of Piston skirt
    1. Maximum side thrust

    𝛑𝑫𝟐
    RN = 0.05 to 0.1 × × Pmax
    𝟒

    2. Length of Piston skirt

    RN = Lps * D * Pbc
    Where, Pbc = permissible bearing pressure between piston skirt and
    cylinder wall, N/mm2

    GTUSTUDIES
    4. Design of Piston skirt
    3. Length of piston (Lp)

    Lp = bo + zbr + (z-1)b1 + Lps

    GTUSTUDIES
    5. Design of Reinforcing Ribs

    Thickness of each rib

    tR = tph / 3 to tph / 2

    GTUSTUDIES
    6. Design of Piston pin
    Maximum gas force,

    𝜋𝐷2
    Fgmax = × Pmax
    4

    Piston pin is designed from the bearing pressure consideration and then
    checked for a direct shear stress and a bending stress,

    From Bearing Pressure,

    Fgmax = l1 * dp * Pb

    Where l1 = 045 D
    and Pb = Permissible bearing pressure between the piston pin and the
    connecting rod --- 25 N/mm2
    GTUSTUDIES
    6. Design of Piston pin
    (i) Direct stress

    di = 0.6 * dp

    Check for shear failure:-


    𝝅
    Fgmax = 2 [ (𝒅𝒑 𝟐 − 𝒅𝒊 𝟐 )] * τ
    𝟒

    Find the value of τ from this and check that value of it should be less than allowable
    shear stress for piston pin for safe design.

    GTUSTUDIES
    6. Design of Piston pin
    Check for bending failure:-

    𝟒 𝐅𝐠𝐦𝐚𝐱 𝐃 𝐝𝐩
    σbp =
    𝛑 (𝐝𝐩 𝟒 − 𝐝𝐢 𝟒 )

    Find the value of σbp from this and check that value of it should be less than allowable
    bending stress for piston pin for safe design.

    GTUSTUDIES
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