WEEK 12

DECK EQUIPMENT’S/ANCHORING EQUIPMENT’S

Introduction:

ANCHORING

1.Modern Anchor Types

Anchor are made of forged wrought iron or forged open heart ingot steel or cast steel and are marked on the
crown and shank showing the markers name or initials, progressive number and weight. All anchors are
tested as their strength, the strain imposed on them varying with their size.

A- Stockless Anchor- present an enormous advantage in handling and stowing. Due to absence of a
stock, they be hoisted directly into the hawse pipe and stowed there ready for letting go quickly. This
type do not have much holding power as an old fashioned anchor of the same weight or the same fluke
area, which is a better measure of holding power than weight. Some features common to stockless
anchors are:
 The arms are provided upon the shank and can swing from 35 to 45 on their side
 The palms are in plane of the arms instead of right angle to it
 The arms carry a shoulder with a sharp edge at the crown which takes on the bottom and throws
the arm downward to insure the flukes bitting

B- Lightweight- originally used for the small boat and stern anchors in ships. Because of its high holding
power and because it is almost aqs easy to stow as the stockless, however it now also is being utilized
for bowers in several merchant vessel.

2.Anchor Chain and Appendages

Anchor chain consisit of links, shackle and swivels. All links are studed,that is a solid piece is either forged
or welded in the senter of the link. Studs eliminate the danger of the chain linking anf founidng of the link adjacent
to it.
a. STANDARD SHOT – The length of the chain that are connected to make up the ship’s anchor cable. A
standard shot is 15 fathoms ( 1 Shackle of chain = 90ft = 24.432 m ) in length of 135 fathoms is used but
most merchant vessel.

b. DETACHABLE LINK - consisit of a C-shape link with two couplings plates, which form one side and
stud of the link. A taper pin hold the aprts together and is locked in place at large end and by the lead plug.

c. BENDING SHACKLE – are used for attaching the anchor to the chain cable.

d. CHAIN SWIVELS – are furnished as part of the outboard swivel shot. The serve to maximize linking of
the anchor chain, outboard swivel shot consist detachable link, and bending shackle, which made it possible
to stop the anchor, and break the chain between thye windglass and anchor.
e. CHAIN STOPPER – are used for holding the anchor chain in the hawse pipe, for riding to an anchor
when the anchor chain is disconnected for emergency.

f. MOORING SWIVEL – are used in mooring with anchors. They are instead in the chain outboard of the
hawse pipe and serve to keep the cahin from twisting as the ship swings.

3. Anchor Windlass - The windlass is the machine used to heave the anchor. It is driven by which, which may
either be steam, electric or hydraulic. There are two types of windglass, the vertical shaft type, used on most
combatant ships, and the horizontal shaft type used on merchant ships.

Starting from the anchor the anchor chain cable goes through the hawse pipe and passes through the riding
chocks fitted with heavy pawl used for purpose of taking the stress of the windlass when riding at anchor.

Although the basic principle of operation ist he same for the both types of windlass, the method of letting go
and securing the anchor differs. Also, the fact that a vertical shaft windlass ussually is much farther aft than a
horizontal shaft windlass causes a certain difference in the make up of the chain.
 WILD CAT - is the rotating portion in the windlass which pulls the chain.

4. Aid to Anchoring
There is probably a range of anchoring procedures which warrant improvement, including both maintenance and the
ship knowledge.

1. Are pins well greased?

2. Allowing the windlass brake band to do more than fit where touches.
3. What type of arrangement exist at the bitter and in your ship?

For exmaple:
One of the most important procedures is the anchor plan itself. Planning for a safe anchorage could wall bear
improvement relying as if does largely on the masters expereince.
 TABLE FOR CONVERTING SHACKLES OF CABLES INTO METERS

The length of 1 shackle of chain is fathoms or 27,432 meters.

1 fathom = 6 ft.
1 meter = 3.281 ft.

SHACKLES OF FATHOMS FEET METERS

CHAIN
1 15 90 27.432
2 30 180 54.864
3 45 270 82.296
4 60 360 109.728
5 75 450 137.16
6 90 540 164.592
7 105 630 192.024
8 120 720 219.456
9 135 810 246.888
10 150 900 274.32

Getting Ready to Anchor

1. Request the engine room for power on deck.

2. Take to the forecastle heada spike, hammer or crowbar, oilcan, googles and at night, a torch. Take
off the hawse pipe covers. Let go of the lashing in the chain locker.
3. Make sure the windlass is out of gear and that the brakes are on.
4. Turn the windlass over slowly and oil the moving parts. On the steam windlass, the drain cocks must
all be opened and the water allowed to drain off before the cocks are closed again.
5. Put one anchor in gear ( see that gears are clear to engage first ).
6. Removes the devil’s claw and any other lashing, the compress bar and the cement or other filling
from the spurling pipe.
7. Make sure that the weight of the anchor is held by the brake and that the gears are clear. Take out of
gear.
8. Prepare the other anchor using the same routine ( 5,6 and 7)
9. Inform the officer concerned that the anchros are ready for lowering clear of the hawspipe.
10. Place one anchor in gear.
11. When orders to lower away by the officer, take off brake and lower slowly until the anchor is out of
the hawse pip.
12. Screw brake tightly home and take out of gear.
13. Repeat 10, 11 and 12 with the other anchor required. Returned the gear.

ANCHOR HANDLING
Wear goggles. Let go of the break when ordered and brake as required after the anchor has hit the bottom. One man
should strike the bell as the shackle go out: 1 shackle, 1 bell: 6 sahckle, 6 bells etc. Put on the compressor bar and
screw the break tightly home when sufficient cable has been paid out. Hoist the anchor ball or anchor lights. Return
the gear.

WEIGHING THE ANCHOR

1. Take to the forecastle head a hammer or crowbar, hose, oilcan, and at night, a torch. Couple up the hose, lead it to
the hawse pipe and open the cock
2 .Request the engine room for the power and water on deck
3. Make sure that the windlass is out of gear and the breaks are on
4. Turn the windlass over slowly and oil the moving parts, On a steam windlass, the dfrain cock must all be opened
and the water allowed draining off before the cock are closed again
5. Put the anchor in gear ( see the gears are clear to engaged first)
6. Send a man to the locker ( with light if necessary)
7. Remove the compressor bar when orderd to do so, take of the breaks and commence heaving in the cable. See that
the hose is running and have man to wash the cable as it comes in. Inform that the man in the locker that you are
about to heave away. Another man should stand by the bell to ring the shckles as they come in
8. When the anchor is hove home, inform the man in the locker. Apply the breaks tighly and the compr3ssor bar.
Ease the gears and take the windlass out of gear. Stop the water, close the cok and uncouple the hose. Take down the
anchor ball or anchor lights and ring the bell rapidly when the anchor is away. Return the gear.

SECURING THE ANCHOR FOR SEA

1 .Ensure the break is tightly home, the compressor bar on the windlass is out of gear
2 .Place the devil’s claws on the cables and screw the bottle screw up tightly
3 .Put the hawse pipe covers in position and if proper plates are supplied for the spurling pipes, place them in
position and cover with the canvass coat. If there are no proper plates for spurling pipes,the cables must be well
wrapped with burlap os sackling in the spurling pipe. The pipes are then to be filled over the burlap with a good
thickness of cement ( sufficient to windlass any movement of the cables or weather damage). To help prevent
movement, lash the two cables together beneath the spurling pipes in the chain locker
4 .Return locker

ACCIDENT PREVENTION

1. Be sure the breake is tightly home and the gears eased before taking the windlass out of gear
2. Do not the windlass in gear
3. Wear goggles when letting go off the anchor
4. Do not go in the chain locker to stow the cable
5. Do not used chain hooks on the chain locker
6. See that the spurling pipes are made properly watertight
7. When it is necessary to let go of an anchor or pay out cable and a man in in the locker ( as might happen when
mooring) the orders “STAND CLEAR IN THE LOCKER” must be given, replied to and carried out before the
anchor os is allowed to run out

MARKING OF ANCHORS AND CABLES

When an anchor has passed the test prescribed in the Anchor and Chain Cables Rules, it must be permanently
stamped in a conspicuous place with a cirlce giving the particulars indicatwed in the figure below

X- number of certificate
Y- letters indicating Certifying Authority
Chain cable is marked at each end at interval of not more than 30meters each cable accessory must also be marked
this way