PON Functional Requirements: Services and Performance
PON Functional Requirements: Services and Performance
PON Functional Requirements: Services and Performance
July 2001
Objective
Outline the PON-specific functionality needed in EFM Other functionality common to all EFM topologies is
not discussed
July 2001
Outline
EFM Services and Requirements Overview of PON Multiple Access Solutions
TDMA: unslotted, static, adaptive On-demand: Polling, contention-based reservation
July 2001
Service Requirements
Residential Voice
3-4 lines BW= 0.15Mbps
Video
80-120 SDTV Broadcast 5-10 HDTV 2 PPV and VOD 2 Video conferencing DSBW = 550 Mbps UPBW = 10 Mbps
DSBW = 125 Mbps dedicated UPBW = 20 Mbps Storage area networks ASP applications Web Access Peer to peer BW: 100 Mbps burst DSBW = 225 Mbps UPBW = 120 Mbps BW > 100 Mbps Variable
Data
Web Access Peer to Peer Gaming Chat BW: Minimum 10 Mbps dedicated
~ 50 customers
~ 10 customers
July 2001
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
www-http Bytes % Packets % 16.60 16.64 nntp 13.78 17.60 Napster1 7.00 6.01 port 1646 3.87 2.06 Video-conf 1.67 1.64 port 9120 1.59 0.38 domain 1.29 0.23 port 11999 1.01 0.00
July 2001
45%
40%
35%
Percentage
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0% 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
July 2001
37 83
July 2001
PON Objective
Specify an adaptive sharing mechanism supporting:
Up to 64 CPEs sharing 1Gbps upstream 2-20 Km distance Support integrated services: Voice, Video, Data
July 2001
Downstream
HE
Upstream
July 2001
Multiple Access
Extended CSMA/CD: Asynchronous and Distributed
PAUSE: could be seen as a busy signal PAUSE + IDLE: extends CSMA/CD to PON architecture Problem: round-trip delay to detect busy signal is too large
Centralized Alternatives:
Basic mechanism: Head-end arbitrates access of CPEs Stop all CPEs with PAUSE message Define a GRANT message to allow a particular CPE to transmit a
period of time Several schemes differing in complexity and performance
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July 2001
Centralized Solutions
Static TDMA: HE assigns bandwidth to CPEs
Basic TDMA Static TDMA: adds ranging
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July 2001
Basic TDMA
Simplest mechanism:
1. HE sends a GRANT to a particular CPE 2. The CPE uses its granted bandwidth by transmitting data as it fits 3. Data arrives at HE 4. When HE detects the end of the transmission, it sends a grant to the next CPE
(I.e., go to step 1)
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July 2001
1% 4.8 % 9.6 %
7% 19 % 32 %
13 % 32 % 49 %
Ranging Mechanism
Requires:
Ranging operates in separate time slots independent of the data transmissions The size of ranging periods must be large to account for the large guardband A common timing reference is established between HE and CPE
Ranging mechanism:
HE allocates the ranging regions and asks CPE to respond at specific time CPE sends a ranging request in a ranging region HE computes the time offset from the difference between expected time and actual arrival time HE sends time adjustment to CPE with the ranging response. Repeat until time difference is within acceptable range
Static TDMA
Assumes
Timing reference, ranging and registration Defines slotted system: Divides upstream in slot units to assign bandwidth Common slot timing between HE and CPE GRANT specifies slot time and number of slots granted Can pipeline GRANTs on the wire HE assigns slots to CPE based on SLA
Issues:
No statistical multiplexing across CPEs: no knowledge of CPE queue state to assign unutilized
bandwidth to other CPEs
15 July 2001
Adaptive TDMA
Assumes: CPE sends state information to HE
Define a request message that contains the information of the amount of bandwidth
needed to transmit the frames in its queue HE assigns the guaranteed minimum bandwidth in a static manner (periodic grant) and additional bandwidth on demand based on requests.
Handshake:
For guaranteed bandwidth: periodic grant data (+ request) additional grants If no bandwidth guaranteed: request data (+ request) grants
Issues:
Allows reassignment of bandwidth to a different CPE when not needed (statistical
multiplexing across CPEs) Bandwidth guaranteed can go wasted. Allocate minimum to send first request. How to send FIRST request? Polling Contention
16 July 2001
Polling
Mechanism:
HE polls each CPE individually by sending a grant to the CPE The CPE uses the grant to send the request if the CPE needs additional
bandwidth
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July 2001
Contention-based
Contention-based reservation mechanism
Contention slots are shared poll opportunities Assign slots for transmission of requests: any CPE can transmit Resolve collisions using contention resolution mechanism (i.e., BEB)
Handshake:
contention slot request grant (+ request) data
Issues:
Less need to predict individual needs: statistical multiplexing of request
opportunities Adds the need for a contention resolution algorithm Decide allocation of contention slots
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July 2001
Video Traffic
Video Traffic
26 24 22 20 18
Mean Access Delay (msec)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Upstream Utilization 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
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July 2001
2
Mean Access Delay (msec)
1.5
0.5
0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Upstream Utilization 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
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July 2001
Summary of Features
Grant msg CSMA/CD Unslotted TDMA Static TDMA Adaptive TDMA Ranging Request Poll Contention msg msg ServiceBW
Polling Contentionbased
On Demand On Demand
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July 2001
Timing & Synchronization Ranging: ability to pipeline transmissions in the wire Reservation: CPE ability of sending state information to HE
This functionality specifies a basic sharing system Requires new message definitions but no header modifications
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July 2001
Additional Functionality
To define a controlled and fair sharing system, additional
functionality is needed:
Priorities and QoS : ability to give differentiated service across CPEs Use of 802.1P priority levels Policing: ability to control the sharing of downstream bandwidth Internal HE policy established with handshaking Billing : ability to charge per use (sharing allows reuse bandwidth and
hence to define other than flat-rate policies)
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July 2001
Conclusions
PON-specific functionality is in the handshaking and
internal to CPE and HE but not in interface (header formats)
Specification approach:
Define a single PON MAC control frame that carries the PON-specific
information. PON-specific functionality includes: Timing and Synchronization Ranging Multiple access scheme The specification of the op-codes and parameters is an independent and well defined task that can advance in parallel to other EFM efforts Leverage knowledge of existing solutions to reduce specification time
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July 2001