MODEL QUESTIONS PHYSICS I UNIT- I INTEREFERENCE OF LIGHT 1.

. Derive conditions for path difference for the interference in parallel thin film due to reflected light. OR Derive the expression for bright and darkness due to interference of a monochromatic light reflected from a thin parallel film of transparent material. OR Obtain condition for maxima and minima due to interference of reflected light in thin films of uniform thickness. 2. Derive conditions for path difference for the interference in parallel thin film due to transmitted light. 3. Prove that for thin films, the interference patterns of reflected and transmitted light are complementary. 4. Explain with the help of diagram an experimental arrangement to produce Newtons rings by reflected (sodium) light. OR Explain with diagram the formation of Newtons rings. OR Explain the formation of Newtons rings in reflected light. OR Describe the formation of Newtons rings in reflected monochromatic light. OR Describe the arrangement to observe Newtons rings by reflected light. 5. Prove that in reflected light the diameters of dark rings are proportional to the square-root of natural numbers. OR Derive an expression for the radius of dark rings in Newtons rings formed by reflected light. OR th Show that the radius of n dark ring is proportional to square-root of wave length of the light. OR Show that the radius of dark rings is proportional to square root of the radius of curvature of the Plano convex lens used. 6. Prove that in reflected light the diameters of bright rings are proportional to the square-root of odd numbers. OR Derive an expression for the radius of bright rings in Newtons rings formed by reflected light. OR Show that the radius of bright rings is proportional to square root of the radius of curvature of the Plano convex lens used. 7. Why does an excessively thin film appears to be dark in the reflected light? OR When does an excessively thin film of uniform thickness observed by reflected light show no colour but appears dark? Explain the condition. 8. What happens to the rings system if a plan polished mirror is used instead of a glass plate in Newtons rings arrangement? 9. Why does the central spot in Newtons rings seen in reflected light appears dark? Discuss the appearance of Newtons rings in transmitted light. 10. What change do you observe when Newtons rings are observed in reflected and transmitted light. 11. Why do you require a convex lens of large radius of curvature in Newtons rings experiments? 12. How is the ring system when white light is used in Newtons rings experiment?
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13. In Newtons rings experiment, why are the rings crowded away from the centre. OR Discuss why central rings are broad and peripheral rings are closes in Newtons rings experiment. 14. In Newtons rings experiment, light of red colour is used first and then blue light. Which set of rings would have larger diameter and therefore greater spacing between them? 15. Explain briefly why the fringes in Newtons rings arrangement are circular. 16. What change do you expect in Newtons rings if the distance between lens and plate is increased? OR In Newtons rings experiment, explain what will happen if plano-convex lens is lifted slowly up the glass plate. OR In Newtons rings experiment, explain what will happen if the lens is not in contact with glass plate. 17. Describe how the wavelength of sodium light can be determined using Newtons rings. Derive the formula used. OR How can Newtons rings be obtained in the laboratory? How will you use them to obtain the wavelength of sodium light? Derive necessary formula. OR How shall you determine the wavelength of light using Newtons ring experiment? OR Describe Newtons rings method for measuring the wave length of monochromatic light. Give the necessary theory. 18. Explain how the refractive index of a transparent liquid can be determined using Newtons rings. OR How can Newtons rings experiment be used to determine refractive index of a liquid? 19. Explain the applications of Newtons rings experiment. OR Explain with necessary theory, how Newtons rings are used to find (i) Wavelength of light (ii) Refractive index of liquid. 20. Describe the construction of a Michelsons interferometer and explain its working. OR Describe the principle, construction and working of a Michelsons interferometer. OR Explain the occurrence of different fringe shapes in Michelsons interferometer. OR With schematic diagram, explain the working of Michelsons interferometer. How will you produce circular fringes with it? OR How do circular fringes originate in Michelsons interferometer? 21. Using Michelsons interferometer, how shall you measure wavelength separation between two closely spaced spectral lines. OR How can Michelsons interferometer be used to determine the wavelength difference between the sodium D spectral lines? OR

Explain how will you determine the wavelength difference of two components of a spectral line by Michelsons interferometer. OR How will you measure the difference in wavelength between two closely spaced D1 and D2 lines of sodium lamp using Michelsons interferometer. 22. How will you use Michelsons interferometer, to measure the wavelength of a monochromatic light? OR Explain how Michelsons interferometer is used to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light. OR Explain how wavelength of light is determined using Michelsons interferometer. 23. Explain the applications of Michelsons interferometer. 24. What are non-reflecting (or anti-reflecting) films? OR Explain the principle of Anti-Reflecting films. OR Obtain the conditions for a thin parallel film to have minimum reflection. OR Explain how thick a coating is needed to ensure minimum reflection at a given wavelength . OR Give a brief account of Non- Reflection coatings (or Anti-Reflection coatings). OR What are anti-reflection coatings? Explain principle and applications. OR Explain the conditions to be satisfied by a thin film to improve transmission of light. 25. Explain the principle of interference filters. OR Give an account on the theory, preparation and applications of interference filters. OR With necessary theory, explain the preparation of interference filters. OR How can you obtain, monochromatic light from white light using the principle of interference. NUMERICAL PROBLEMS 1. White light is incident on a soap film at an angle of sin-1 (4/5).In the reflected light two consecutive dark bands corresponding to wavelengths 6.1105 cm and 6 105 cm are observed. If the refractive index of film is 4/3, calculate its thickness. 2. Newtons rings are observed between a spherical surface of radius of curvature 120cm and a plane plate. The diameters of 5th and 16th bright rings are 0.314cm and 0.583cm. Calculate the diameter of 25th and 37th bright rings and also the wavelength of light used. 3. In Newtons rings experiment the diameters of nth and (n+1)th rings are 4.2mm and 5mm. If the radius of curvature of lens is 3m, then find the wavelength of light used? 4. Light containing two wavelengths 1 and 2 falls normally on a Plano-convex lens of radius of curvature R resting on a glass plate. If the nth dark ring due to 1 coincidence with (n+1)th dark ring due to 2 , prove that

the radius of the nth dark ring of 1 , is

R
1 2

2 )
3

5. The convex surface of a Plano-convex lens with radius of curvature R =40cm on comes into contact with a glass plate. A certain dark ring observed in reflected light has a radius r=2.5mm. Watching the given ring, the lens was gradually raised from the plate by a distance h=5 m. What is the radius of that ring in such case? 6. Newtons rings are observed in reflected light of wavelength 5.9 105 cm . The diameter of the 10th dark ring is 0.5cm. Find the radius of curvature of lens and the thickness of the airs films at the ring. 7. In Newtons rings experiment by reflected light, the diameters of the 4th and 12th dark rings are 0.4cm and 0.7cm respectively. Find the diameter of the 20th dark ring. What will be the order of dark ring which is formed where thickness of air film is equal to wavelength of light used? 8. Michelson interferometer is adjusted to form circular fringes using light of wavelength 5000A0 . When the difference of path length between mirrors of the interferometer is 2.5mm, the fringe pattern is having bright fringe at the center and we say it the first bright fringe. (i) What is the angular radius of the 10th bright fringe in the pattern. (ii) Changing the path length between the mirrors slowly, 60 fringes cross the centre. How much path length is changed? 9. Michelson interferometer is set to form circular fringes with light of wavelength 5000A0. By changing the path length of movable mirror slowly, so fringes cross the center of view. How much path length has been changed? 10. Calculate the distance between two successive positions of a movable mirror of a Michelson interferometer giving distinct fringes in case of sodium light having lines of wavelength 5890 A0 and 5896 A0. UNIT-II POLARISATION OF LIGHT 1. Distinguish plane polarized, circularly polarized and elliptically polarized light. 2. Explain mauls law. 3. Describe how will you produce elliptically polarized light and distinguish it from partially polarized light. 4. Describe the construction and working of a Nicol prism. Mention its limitations. OR Explain how a nicol prism converts unpolarized light into plane polarized light. 5. A transparent plane is given. Using two Nicol prisms how would you find whether the plate is a quarter wave plates, a quarter wave plate, a half wave plate or a simple plate. 6. What are quarter and half wave plates? OR Give the constructions and theory of half and quarter wave plates. 7. What is circularly polarized light? How is it produced in laboratory with the help of Quarter wave plate? 8. Explain how a quarter wave plate functions to produce circularly and elliptically polarized light. OR What are the optical devices required to produce circularly polarized light from unpolarized light? Explain how they are used to produce circular and elliptically polarized light. 9. How can you analyze the different types of polarizations using a polarizer and a quarter wave plate? OR Explain how do you detect the state of polarized of an unknown polarized light using QWP. OR How can we experimentally distinguish between plane polarized, circularly polarized and elliptically polarized light. 10. Discuss the production and detection of circularly polarized light. 11. Discuss the production and detection of elliptically polarized light.
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12. What is optical activity? Mention the laws of optical rotation. 13. Define specific rotation. 14. Describe the construction and the working of a Laurents half shade polarimeter to determine specific rotation. 15. Explain the working of Bi-quartz polarimeter. How would you use it to find the specific rotation of an optically active substance? NUMERICAL QUESTIONS 1. Nicol prism is used to examine two adjacent polarized beams A and B whose planes of polarizations are mutually perpendicular .The nicol is initially oriented so that beam B gives zero intensity with it. When nicol is rotated by 300 to initial direction both the beams give equal intensity. What is ratio of intensities (i.e., IA/IB) of two beams? 2. A Polaroid examines two adjacent plane polarized beams A and B whose planes of polarizations are mutually perpendicular. In one position of the analyzer the beam B shows zero intensity. From this position, a rotation of 300 shows that two beams have equal intensely. What is the ratio of intensity of two beams. 3. Two polarizing sheets have their polarizing directions parallel so that the intensity of the transmitted light is maximum. Through what angle must either sheet be turned so that the intensity becomes one half of initial value. 4. A pair of crossed polarizers with axes at angles = 00 and 900 are placed in a beam of unpolarized light with I intensity I0 so that the light emerges from the first polarizer with I F = 0 and from the second with I S = 0. A 2 third polarizer is placed between the two at an angle of 450. (i) What is I S then? I (ii) If the third polarizer rotates at angular frequency , show that I S = 0 (1 cos 4t ) 16 5. A phase retardation plate of quartz has thickness 0.1436mm. For what wavelength in the visible region will it act as (a) Quarter wave plate (b) half wave plate. Given: 0 =1.5443 and e =1.5533. 6. Plane polarized light passes through a quartz plate with its optic axis parallel to the faces. Calculate the least thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam will be: (i) Plane polarized (ii) Circularly polarizes Given: 0 = 1.5442, e =1.5533 and = 5000 A0 . 7.

A quartz plate cut parallel to its optic axis is 0.25mm thick. For what values of visible spectrum ( = 4500 A0 to 8000 A0 ) will it act as (i) Half wave plate (ii) Quarter wave plate. The difference of refractive indices for e-wave and o-wave is assumed to be constant and equal to e 0 = .009 all wavelengths of the visible spectrum.

8.

Plane polarized light passes through a quartz plate with its optic axis parallel to the faces. Calculate the least thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam can be (i) Plane polarized (ii) elliptically polarized. 9. Plane polarized light is incident normally on a quarter wave plate. Explain the nature of emergent light in each case, when the vibration in the incident light makes angles of 00,300,450 and 900 with the optic axis. 10. A 20cm long tube containing sugar solution rotates the plane of polarization by 110. If specific rotation of sugar is 660 dm-1/gm/lit. Calculate the strength of solution.

11. An optical rotation of 150 occurs when light is sent through a certain length of 5% solution of a substance. If the light is sent through 10% solution of the same substance, what length of the solution will be necessary to produce an optical rotation of 300? 12. If 20cm length of a certain solution causes right handed rotation of 420 and 30cm of another solution cause left handed rotation of 270 what optical rotation will be caused by 30cm length of a mixture of the above solution in the volume ratio of 1:2. The solutions are not chemically active. 13. The thickness of calcite plate to produce polarized light is 8.5 107 m . The principal refractive indices for ordinary and extra ordinary says are 0 =1.658 and e = 1.486 at the wavelength of light used as 5890 A0. Calculate the nature of retardation plate. 14. A 20cm tube contains sugar solution made by dissolving 15gm of sugar in 100cc of water. What is the angle of rotation of plane of vibration of a plane polarized light passing through this tube? Specific rotation of sugar = 66.50 dm-1/gm/cm. UNIT-III DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT Distinguish between interference and diffraction. Distinguish between Fresnels and Fraunhofers diffraction. Discuss, giving necessary theory, the diffraction produced by Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit. Find out an expression for intensity at a point in the Fraunhofer diffraction due to single slit. Draw the intensity distribution curve. What is meant by resolving power of a grating? Deduce an expression for the same and discuss its dependence on various constants of grating. OR Show that the resolving power of a plane transmission grating depends on (i) Number of ruled lines. (ii) Width of ruled space. Find the possible maximum number of orders observable with grating. Show that the intensity of light diffracting from a plane transmission grating is given by
sin sin N I = I0 , where the symbols have their usual meanings. sin Find position of maximum and minima. Discuss the phenomenon of Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit and show that the relative 4 4 4 intensities of successive maxima are nearly: 1: 2 : : 2 9 25 49 2 Discuss the formation of multiple spectra with grating. OR Explain the formation of multiple spectra by a plane transmission grating and mention the chief characteristics of such spectra. Derive an expression for angular width of principal maxima in the diffraction pattern of plane transmission grating. Give the theory of a plane transmission grating and show how you would use it to find the wave length of light. Explain how spectral lines are affected, if the rulings are made closer. Explain Rayleigh criteria of Resolution. Obtain an expression for the resolving power of a plane diffraction grating. With necessary theory explain the formation of spectrum by a plane transmission grating when composite light falls on it. OR How does plane diffraction grating forms a spectrum? On which factors does the width of a spectral line depend? What do you understand by resolution?
6
2 2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

8.

9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

15.

16.

Explain Rayleighs criterion of just resolution of two spectral lines of equal intensities giving suitable intensity distribution curves.
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS Diffraction pattern of a single slit of width 0.5cm is formed by a lens of focal length 40cm. Calculate the distance between the first dark and the next bright fringe the axis.(Give that wavelength= 4890 A0). Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit is observed with the help of a lens of focal length 2.0m. The slit width is 0.4mm. Waves of two wavelengths 1and 2 are present in the incident light. The forth minimum of 1 coincides with the fifth minimum of 2 and they are formed at a distance 1cm

1.

2.

7. 8. 9. 10.

11.

12. 13.

14.

15.

16. 17.

from the central maximum. Determine the value of 1and 2 . A parallel beam of sodium light is normally incident on a plane transmission grating having 4250 3. lines per cm and a second order spectral line is observed at an angle of 300. Calculate the wavelength of the light. 4. How many lines per cm are there in a grating which gives an angle of diffraction of 300 in first order spectrum of light of wavelength 6 105 cm ? 5. A plane transmission grating has 6000lines/cm. Calculate the highest order of spectrum which can be seen with light of wavelength 4000A0. A set of parallel equidistance slits of width 0.5cm and opaque space 1.4cm are used to study 6. Fraunhofer of = 0.6cm falling normally on the slits. Calculate (i) Angular position and half width of first maxima (ii) The effect of covering up after native slits on angular position and half width of first maxima. A diffraction grating has total ruled with 5cm, for normal incidence it is found that a line of wavelength 6000A0 in a certain order superimpose on another line of wavelength 4500A0 of the next higher order. If the angle of diffraction is 30, how many lines are there in the grating? A diffraction grating has 5000 lines per cm and the total ruled width in 5cm. Calculate dispassion for a wavelength of 5000A0 in the second order. What should be the minimum number of line in a grating, which will just resolve in the second order, the lines whose wavelength are 5890A0 and 5896A0. A grating has 1000 lines ruled on it. In the region of wavelength =6000A0 , find (i) The separation between two wavelength that can be just resolving in the first order spectrum and (ii) The resolving power in the second order. Sodium discharge lamp produces two intense wavelength in the yellow region of visible spectrum at 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm. Can the transmission grating with 1200 elements resolving principal maxima in the first order? A diffraction grating is just able to resolving two lines of wavelength = 5140.34A0 and 5140.85A0 in the first order. Will it resolve the lines 8037.20A0 and 8037.50A0 in the second order? A grating has 9600 lines uniformly spaced over a width of 3.0 cm and is illuminated by light from mercury vapour lamp. Find (i) Dispersion in the third order in the vicinity of green line of wavelength 5460A0. (ii) Resolving power of grating in fifth order. Light composed of two spectral lines with wavelength 6000A0 and 6000.5A0 .it falls normally on a diffraction grating 10mm wide. At a certain diffraction angle . These lines are closed to be being resolving (according to Rayleighs criteria). Find . Microwave of 6000 MHZ are incident normally on a slit of variable width and length. A receiver is placed at a large distance on the order side at an angle 300 with normally. For what width of the slit would the receiver show zero intensity? A plane transmission grating has 6000lines /cm. Calculate the longest wavelength of light for which spectrum can be obtained. Two gratings A and B have the same width of the ruled surface but A has greater number of lines. Giving reasons compare in fallowing eases. (i) Intensity (ii) Width of principle maxima
7

18. 19.

20. 21.

The numbers of lines in grating X is N1 and the number of lines in grating Y is N2 is less than N2(N1 < N2). The total ruled width of two gratings X and Y is same. Compose their resolving powers. A diffraction grating has 5000 lines per can and the total ruled width is 5cm. Calculate for a wavelength of 5000A0 in second order (i) The resolving power (ii) The smallest difference in wavelength resolved (iii) What happens if half the ruling width is covered? What must be minimum numbers of lines per cm in half inch width grating to resolve the D1 and D2 lines of sodium in the first order ( D 1 = 5896A0, D 2 = 5890A0). The wavelength of sodium D lines are 589.593nm and 588.99tnm. What is the minimum number of lines a grating must have in order to resolve these lines in the first order spectrum?

UNIT IV QUANTUM MECHANICS Q.1. What is Compton Effect? Derive the expression for shift in wavelength of scattered photon by Compton scattering. Is this change independent of the wavelength of photon? OR Explain Compton scattering. Derive an expression for Compton shift. OR Explain the Compton Effect and its physical significance. How it supports the photon nature of light. OR Find an expression for Compton shift. Explain why Compton effect is not observed experimentally for visible rays. OR Obtain an expression for shift in wavelength of the scattered photon by Compton scattering. Q.2. Derive Schrodingers time independent wave equation. OR Derive Schrodingers time dependent wave equation. OR Derive Schrodingers time dependent and time independent wave equations. Q.3. Explain the physical interpretation of wave function .

OR What are the essential requirements of a wave function? OR Give physical interpretation and essential requirements of wave function . OR Give an account on the physical significance of wave function . Solve Schrodingers equation for a particle in a box and show that the particle takes discrete energies. OR Write down Schrodingers equation for a particle of mass m trapped in one- dimensional box of side a Solve it for energy eigen values and eigen functions. OR Write down Schrodingers equation and solve it to determine the eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box. NUMERICAL QUESTIONS Q.1. In Compton scattering, the energy of an incident X-ray photon is 150KeV and that of scattered photon is 130 KeV. Determine the angle of scattering. Q.2. Show that the value of energy, which a photon must have so that it may transfer half of its energy to an electron at rest, is about 256 KeV in a Compton scattering experiment.
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Q.4.

Q.3. Calculate the maximum percentage change in wavelength due to Compton scattering for incident photon of wavelength 1A0 and 10 A0 .What inference do you draw from the results. Q.4.An X-ray photon of wavelength 0.3 A0 is scattered through an angle of 600 by a free electron. Find the wavelength of scattering photon and the recoil energy of the electron.(mass of electron= 9.11031 kg , Plancks

constant = 6.6 1034 J sec).

Q.5. X ray photon of wavelength 1 A0 are scattered from a carbon block find: (i) The wavelength of the scattered beam in a direction making 900 with incident beam. (ii) Kinetic energy imparted to the recoil electron. (iii) Direction of the recoil electron. Q.6. Find the lowest energy of an electron confined to move in a one dimensional potential box of width 1A0. Q.7. Find the probability that a particle in a box of width a can be found between x=0 and x=a/n when it is in the nth state. Q.8. The wave function of the particle in its ground state in one dimensional box of length a is given by

2 x = sin a a Calculate probability of finding the particle within an interval of 1 A0 at the centre of the box of length a = 10A0. Q.9. Calculate such minimum value of the energy of a photon that it may transfer half of its energy to an electron at rest. Q.10. An electron is trapped in an infinitely deep cubical potential well of width 1A0 .What is its ground state energy and first excitation energy? Q.11. In a long chain molecule of length 5A0 electrons may be treated as free to move along the length. Calculate the zero point energy .the energy gap between the first energy state of the electron and also the wavelength of absorption line arising from this transition.
UNIT-V SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY Q.1. State the postulates of the special theory of relativity and derive expression for velocity transformation. Q.2. Define an inertial frame of reference and derive the Lorentz transition. Q.3. State the postulates of special theory of relativity and deduce the Lorentz transformation. Q.4. Using Lorentz transformations for space and time, obtain expressions for length contraction and time dilation by explaining the meaning of each. Q.5. What is length contraction and time dilation in special theory of relativity explain. Q.6. Show that a body moving with velocity v whose mass in is given by m0 Where symbols have usual meanings. m= 1 v2 / c2 Q.7. Obtain relativistic expression for the kinetic energy of the particle. Q.8. Derive Einsteins mass-energy relation and explain its importance with suitable examples. Q.9. Using principle of special theory of relativity, derive mass-energy relation. Illustrate it with an example. Q.10. Deduce the following relativistic energy-momentum relation: E 2 = p 2 c 2 + m0 2 c 4 , Where symbols have their usual meanings. Q.11. Derive an expression for the variation of mass with velocity. Q.12. Show that total energy E and momentum P are related by E 2 = ( p c ) 2 + ( m0 c 2 ) 2 , Where m0 is the rest mass and e is the speed of light. Q.13. Calculate the velocity of a particle having kinetic energy three times the rest mass energy.
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1/2

Q.14. Prove that the particle having rest mass zero is moving always with the velocity of light. Q.15. Prove the relation E =

p 2c 2 + m02c 4 , where P is the momentum, m0 is the rest mass and e is speed of

light.
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS Q.1. Show that x2+y2+z2-c2t2 is Lorentz invariant. Q.2. A cube of side a is moving with speed 0.6c normal to one of its face. What is its volume observed by an observer stationed on the earth? Q.3. A beam of particle of half life 2 108 sec travels in a laboratory with aped 0.96 times the speed of light. How much distance does the beam travel before the flux falls to times the initial flux? Q.4. A laboratory observation shows that a length of 2m is crossed by a beam of radioactive particle in time 1.0 108 sec and in this process half the particle disintegrates. Calculate the proper half life of the particle. Also calculate the traversed length as seen by an observer fixed relative to particle. Q.5. A young man goes to the pole star 40 light years away and comes back to the earth who travels with a velocity (4/5) c on a rocket calculate the age difference between him and his twin brother who prefers to stay on earth. Q.6. A radioactive atom is moving with respect to the laboratory at a speed of 0.3c in the x-direction. If it emits an electron having a speed of 0.8c in the rest frame of the atom, find the velocity of electron with respect to a laboratory observer when: (i) It is ejected in the x-direction. (ii) It is ejected in y-direction. (Where c is the speed of light in volume). Q.7. In laboratory frame of reference, particle A moves along x-dire chon with velocity 0.5c and particle B moves along y-diredtion with velocity 0.4c .Determine velocity of particle B relative to A . Q.8. A spacecraft A has velocity 0.9c relative to the earth. Another spacecraft B overtakes A with velocity 0.5c. Find the velocity of spacecraft B relative to the ground. Q.9. A stationary body explodes into two fragments of rest mass 1.5 kg each moving apart at speed of 0.8c . Find the rest mass of the body. Q.10. Calculate the velocity of a particle having kinetic energy three times the rest mass energy. Q.11. A particle of rest mass m0 and kinetic energy 2m0c2 collides with a stationary particle of rest mass 2m0 and after collision they coalesced particle. Q.12. An electron has momentum that is 90% larger than its classical momentum. Find speed of electron. Q.13. Prove that particle having rest mass zero always move with velocity of light. Q.14. Calculate the velocity and mass of an electron accelerated to a kinetic energy of 2MeV. Q.15. Use Lorentz transformation to show that. x2+y2+z2-c2t2= x2+y2+z2-c2t2 Q.16. Calculate the percentage contraction of length of a rod moving with a velocity of 0.9c in a direction at 450 to its length. Q.17. An observer on the earth finds that a rocket takes 2s to pass its entire length across a reference mark. If proper length of the rocket in 50m, then what is its velocity relative to earth? Q.18. As a beam of particles crosses 12m length of a lab in 4.14 108 sec half of the particle decays. What would an agency moving with the particle get as a measure for the length of the lab? Q.19. Twins A and B are 20 years each. Twin A travels towards a star 30 light years away at a speed 0.8c. He then returns home Twin B remains at the home. What are the ages of A and B as observed by A and as observed by B. Are the two observations different? Q.20. Compute the mass is of an electron having kinetic energy 1.5 MeV. Given rest mass m0 = m0 = 9.11031 kg

and velocity of light c = 3 108 m / sec .

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