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    ALJAN VALERA
    The history of electronics began in the late 19th century with the invention of vacuum tubes like the diode and triode, which were used to amplify electrical signals and dominated electronics until World War II. The transistor era began in 1948 with the invention of the junction transistor, followed by the development of integrated circuits in the 1950s-1970s which integrated entire circuits onto a single chip. Major subsequent developments included the microprocessor in 1969 and analog integrated circuits.

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    The history of electronics began in the late 19th century with the invention of vacuum tubes like the diode and triode, which were used to amplify electrical signals and dominated electronics until World War II. The transistor era began in 1948 with the invention of the junction transistor, followed by the development of integrated circuits in the 1950s-1970s which integrated entire circuits onto a single chip. Major subsequent developments included the microprocessor in 1969 and analog integrated circuits.

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    The history of electronics began in the late 19th century with the invention of vacuum tubes like the diode and triode, which were used to amplify electrical signals and dominated electronics until World War II. The transistor era began in 1948 with the invention of the junction transistor, followed by the development of integrated circuits in the 1950s-1970s which integrated entire circuits onto a single chip. Major subsequent developments included the microprocessor in 1969 and analog integrated circuits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    31 views5 pages

    ASSIGNMENT

    Uploaded by

    ALJAN VALERA
    The history of electronics began in the late 19th century with the invention of vacuum tubes like the diode and triode, which were used to amplify electrical signals and dominated electronics until World War II. The transistor era began in 1948 with the invention of the junction transistor, followed by the development of integrated circuits in the 1950s-1970s which integrated entire circuits onto a single chip. Major subsequent developments included the microprocessor in 1969 and analog integrated circuits.

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    Overview of the History of Electronics

    HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS
    AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT

    Electronics’ actual history began with the


    invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897;
    and, after that, a vacuum triode was implemented by
    Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals. This led
    to the introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes
    that dominated the world until World War II.

    Subsequently, the transistor


    era began with the junction
    transistor invention in 1948.
    Even though this particular
    invention got a Nobel Prize,
    yet it was later replaced
    with a bulky vacuum tube
    that would consume high
    power for its operation. The use of germanium and
    silicon semiconductor materials made these
    transistors gain popularity and wide-acceptance
    usage in different electronic circuits.
    Overview of the History of Electronics

    The subsequent years witnessed


    the invention of the integrated
    circuits (ICs) that drastically
    changed the electronic
    circuits’ nature as the entire
    electronic circuit got
    integrated on a single chip,
    which resulted in low: cost, size, and weight
    electronic devices. The years 1958 to 1975 marked the
    introduction of IC with enlarged capabilities of
    over several thousand components on a single chip
    such as small-scale integration, medium-large
    scale, and very-large-scale integration ICs.

    And the trend further carried forward with the


    JFETS and MOSFETs that were developed from 1951 to
    1958 by improving the device designing process and
    by making more reliable and powerful transistors.

    Digital integrated circuits were yet another


    robust IC development that changed the overall
    architecture of computers. These ICs were
    developed with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL),
    integrated injection logic (I2L), and emitter-
    coupled logic (ECL) technologies.
    Overview of the History of Electronics

    Later these digital ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and


    CMOS fabrication design technologies.

    All these radical changes in all these components


    led to the introduction of microprocessors in 1969
    by Intel. Soon after, the analog integrated
    circuits were developed that introduced an
    operational amplifier for analog signal processing.
    These analog circuits include analog multipliers,
    ADC and DAC converters, and analog filters.

    Major events in the history of electronics:


    1752 – Benjamin Franklin discovered that
    lightning is electrical by flying a kite, and
    explained how Leyden jars work.
    1800 – Alessandro Volta invented battery (Dry
    Cell).
    1820 – AndrE Marie AmpEre published his law of
    electrodynamics called AmpEre’s law.
    1826 – Georg Ohm introduced Ohm’s Law.
    1831 – Michael Faraday published the law of
    induction.
    1931 – Michael Faraday invented transformer.
    1831 – Joseph Henry developed a prototype DC
    motor.
    Overview of the History of Electronics

    1836 – Nicholas Callan invented transformer.


    1844 – Samuel Morse developed telegraphy and
    the Morse code.
    1856 – Charles Bourseul proposed telephony.
    1862 – James Clerk Maxwell published four
    equations bearing his name “Maxwell’s
    equations“.
    1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone.
    1877 – Thomas Alva Edison invented phonograph.
    1878 – Joseph Swan invented Incandescent light
    bulb.
    1879 – Thomas Alva Edison introduced a long
    lasting filament for incandescent lamp.
    1887 – Nikola Tesla invented the first induction
    motor.
    1888 – Heinrich Hertz proved that electro
    magnetic waves travel over some distance.
    1890 – Thomas Alva Edison invented fuse.
    1897 – Karl Ferdinand Braun invented cathode
    ray oscilloscope (CRO).
    1901 – Guglielmo Marconi made first
    transatlantic radio broadcast.
    1904 – John Ambrose Fleming invented diode.
    1906 – Lee de Forest invented triode.
    Overview of the History of Electronics

    1912 – Edwin Howard Armstrong developed


    Electronic oscillator.
    1915 – Albert Einstein published the Theory of
    Relativity.
    1941 – Konrad Zuse developed the first
    programmable computer.
    1943 – Eisler invented the Printed Circuit
    Board.
    1958 – Jack Kilby invented the integrated
    circuit (IC).
    1962 – Nick Holonyak Jr. invented the LED.
    1962 – Hofstein, Heiman, and RCA invented
    MOSFET Transistors.
    1964 – Kemeny and Kurtz introduced the BASIC
    programming language.
    1970 – INTEL introduced the first
    Microprocessor.
    1971 – Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore formed
    Intel.

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