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Differential Protection

Percentage differential relays are used for differential protection as they are more sensitive at low currents and can tolerate larger mismatches at high currents compared to simple differential relays. The percentage differential relay consists of a restraining coil tapped in the center to form two sections for the operating coil. It operates based on a percentage difference between the currents in the two sections, with the percentage setpoint able to be fixed or variable. This design allows the relay to adapt its pickup value to the fault and provide stability even with large percentage mismatches during high through faults.

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Dundi Kumar Bevara
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85 views

Differential Protection

Percentage differential relays are used for differential protection as they are more sensitive at low currents and can tolerate larger mismatches at high currents compared to simple differential relays. The percentage differential relay consists of a restraining coil tapped in the center to form two sections for the operating coil. It operates based on a percentage difference between the currents in the two sections, with the percentage setpoint able to be fixed or variable. This design allows the relay to adapt its pickup value to the fault and provide stability even with large percentage mismatches during high through faults.

Uploaded by

Dundi Kumar Bevara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sethuraman Srinivasan

Percentage Differential Protection


Simple Differential relays are not often used due to the susceptibility to false operation
because it will not be having any restraining coil for example overcurrent relay used for
differential protection. The maloperation of the relay are causes due to the saturation errors,
accuracy errors and mismatch errors in CT’s, magnetising inrush current due to energisation.
To overcome the drawbacks of simple differential relay, percentage differential relays are
used which offers high sensitivity at low currents and tolerate larger mismatches at high
currents.
Assume both CTs of a protected equipment path. The relay trips if the operating torque
have the same nominal ratio of is greater than the restraining torque. The
transformation n. The magnetizing currents Percentage difference can be fixed or
of the two CTs will not be same it varies variable it depends on the manufacturer.
widely. So, there will be substantial spill There is also a minimum differential current
current will flow through the operating coil pickup before tripping without considering
the restraint current. The minimum pickup,
differential operation, restraint current
characteristics and slope will vary among
relay manufactures. Slope of a percentage
relay may be a straight line, it may be a
curve up depending on the application and
design of percentage restraint. The slope
during a through fault condition. This will curve allows even larger percentage
result in maloperation or loss of stability on mismatches during heavy through fault
a simple differential protection. In practical current. The percentage differential relay
scenarios on a transformer protection CTs will not have any fixed operate value. The
on the two sides must work at different Relay automatically adapts its pickup value
voltage levels so the current on two sides to the fault occurs. The restraining winding
will be different. This shows why the spill is also known as the biasing winding
current goes on increasing as the through because we bias the relay towards the
fault current increases. In the Case of restraint. During internal fault the spill
busbar protection, the CTs ratio are same at current will be two time the circulating
both ends. Busbars are subjects to very high current, which giving a slope of 2.
through fault current which tends to
magnify the differences between the
characteristics of the two CTs.
The percentage differential relay consists of
a restraining coil which is tapped at the
center of the coil thus forming two sections
in the operating coil of the differential relay.
It is represented as Nr/2. The restraining
coil is connected in the current circulating

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