This document discusses key concepts related to art, including:
1. It defines art as the intentional creation of entities or performances endowed with aesthetic properties by their makers, such as beauty.
2. It outlines various definitions of art from Plato and Aristotle, with Plato viewing art as an imitation of reality and Aristotle seeing art as the creation of a new reality in the mind.
3. It lists several elements of art - line, shape, form, value, space, color, texture - and discusses the three components of art: subject, form, and content.
This document discusses key concepts related to art, including:
1. It defines art as the intentional creation of entities or performances endowed with aesthetic properties by their makers, such as beauty.
2. It outlines various definitions of art from Plato and Aristotle, with Plato viewing art as an imitation of reality and Aristotle seeing art as the creation of a new reality in the mind.
3. It lists several elements of art - line, shape, form, value, space, color, texture - and discusses the three components of art: subject, form, and content.
This document discusses key concepts related to art, including:
1. It defines art as the intentional creation of entities or performances endowed with aesthetic properties by their makers, such as beauty.
2. It outlines various definitions of art from Plato and Aristotle, with Plato viewing art as an imitation of reality and Aristotle seeing art as the creation of a new reality in the mind.
3. It lists several elements of art - line, shape, form, value, space, color, texture - and discusses the three components of art: subject, form, and content.
This document discusses key concepts related to art, including:
1. It defines art as the intentional creation of entities or performances endowed with aesthetic properties by their makers, such as beauty.
2. It outlines various definitions of art from Plato and Aristotle, with Plato viewing art as an imitation of reality and Aristotle seeing art as the creation of a new reality in the mind.
3. It lists several elements of art - line, shape, form, value, space, color, texture - and discusses the three components of art: subject, form, and content.
What is Art? Traditionally, artworks are ▪ Art is creation itself. intentionally endowed by their makers ▪ Artifacts and performances are with properties, often sensory, having entities, not art. a significant degree of aesthetic ▪ Art is also called as “ENTITIES” interest, usually surpassing that of ▪ It is an expression of ideas, most everyday objects. feelings, and imaginations of the artist. Art’s normative dimension the ▪ Entities are not required to be high value placed on making and made by human being. consuming art appears to be essential ▪ Hindi kailangang maganda ang to it, and artworks can have entities, sometimes they are for considerable moral and political as ceremonial purposes only, or to do well as aesthetic power. their function. The arts are always changing, CONSTRAINTS OF just as the rest of culture is as artists DEFINITION OF ARTS: experiment creatively, new genres, art-forms, and styles develop; Entities (artifacts or performan- standards of taste and sensibilities ces) intentionally endowed by their evolve; understandings of aesthetic makers with a significant degree of properties, aesthetic experience, and aesthetic interest, often greatly surpa- the nature of art evolve. ssing that of most everyday objects, first appeared hundreds of thousands AESTHETIC of years ago and exist in virtually ▪ It simply refers to something that every known human culture (Davies is “BEAUTIFUL” 2012). ▪ Beauty or aesthetic defines something that differs from the Such entities are partially rest. comprehensible to cultural outsiders; ▪ Beauty is culturally defined they are neither opaque nor comple- tely transparent “OUR CULTURE Such entities sometimes have REVOLVES, SO AS ARTS” non-aesthetic, ceremonial or religious DEFINITIONS OF ART FROM THE or propagandistic functions, and HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY: sometimes do not. Such entities might concei- According to PLATO: vably be produced by non-human ➢ Plato holds in the Republic and species, terrestrial or otherwise; and it elsewhere that the arts are seems at least in principle possible representational, or mimetic - It refers to the distance between two (sometimes translated “imitative”). points. Artworks are ontologically dependent on, imitations of, and TYPES OF LINES: therefore inferior to, ordinary ➢ Horizontal Lines – softness or physical objects. calmness (peacefulness) ➢ Art is an ordinary physical object. ➢ Vertical Lines – sturdiness or ➢ ART diminishes the reality. (the hardness mind of the people) ➢ Diagonal Lines – tend to show ➢ The reality can only exist in the movements people’s mind. It starts and ends 2. SHAPES with the mind. - Occur when two ends of a line met; ➢ What is the meaning of Plato's outline in a two dimensional plane. allegory of the cave? Plato uses the cave as a symbolic TYPES OF SHAPES: representation of how human ➢ Geometric Shapes – can be beings live in the world, measured or mathematically contrasting reality versus our categorized. (e.g polygons) interpretation of it. ➢ Organic Shapes – irregular, ➢ Reality is the entirety, not just a cannot be measured or part of it. categorized; usually found in According to ARISTOTLE: nature.
➢ Art itself is an entire new reality 3. FORM
created by the person called the - Shapes in three dimensional figures “ARTIST”. (3D) ➢ Art creates the reality on the mind of the people. 4. VALUE ➢ Art is the creation of something. - Intensity of brightness or light of The creation process starts and something. (Darkness is the absence ends in the mind. It doesn't require of light) to have a physical product. 5. SPACE ➢ Pag naisip mo pa lang, it is already - It is the distance of elements considered as an ARTWORK. between each other. ARTIST 6. COLOR ➢ It refers to the person that come - Hue is the pureness of a color (e.g up with the idea. (Siya mismo ang gaano ka-pink ang bulaklak?) nakaisip ng ideya) A. Primary Colors (Yellow, Red, Blue) ELEMENTS OF ARTS: B. Secondary Colors (Green, Orange, 1. LINE Violet) C. Tertiary Colors (Blue-Green, artwork. It results from using the Yellow-Green, Red-Orange, Red- elements of art, giving them order Violet, Blue-Violet, and Yellow- and meaning through principles of Orange) organization. When studying a work's form, we are analyzing how 7. TEXTURE the piece was created. More - It refers to tactile experience of specifically, we are examing why something. the artist made certain choices and how those choices interact to THE THREE COMPONENTS form the artwork's final apperan- OF ARTS: ce. In this sense, the word form may actually be thought of as a 1. SUBJECT (What is drawn) verb rather than a noun. - The subject of visual art can be a person, an object, a theme, or an idea. 3. CONTENT (emotion) Though there are many and varied ➢ The emotional or intellectual ways of presenting the subject matter, message of a work of art is it is only important to the degree that its content - a statement, the artist is motivated by it expression, or mood developed by TYPES OF SUBJECT: the artist and interpreted by the a. Objective images – which observer. represent people or objects, look as close as possible to their real-world counterparts LESSON 2 and can be clearly identified. Art, Man and Society These types of images are also Humanities called representational. ➢ Humanism-Humanitas-Humas ✓ recognizable or Humanity representational ➢ Branch of Learning b. Abstraction – Artists who explore the process of Misconceptions on the abstraction (simplification and Terms rearrangement) create images It should not be confused with the that look less like the object on terms: which they are based, although 1. Humanism - Specific philosophical they may still be recognizable. belief ✓ non-representational, 2. Humanitariarism - Charitable unrecognizable; look less works than the real object Arts and Science 2. FORM (manner) 1. Art: Skills ➢ Form refers to the total overall 2. Science: Process arrangement or organization of an 3 Social Science: Man as the focus. There are some artists who would use the natural objects as they Humanities VS. Philosophy are without changing them in levying Comparison: or carrying their art work. Take for Humanities: Creating Subject example, a landscape. Artists charged Philosophy: Inquiring Subject with the task of landscaping would Contrast: have to use the stones and other Humanities: Extension of being natural materials without even Philosophy: Implicit understanding deforming their shape, form and of self organization. This is the principle of Art: Concept or Fact? nontransformation. Art is either a concept or a fact. Under the principle of transfor- As a concept, it is subject to be under- mation, the artists have the necessari- stood and be grasped by any percei- ly alter the natural objects in carrying ver. Furthermore, it cannot be defined their art work because by so doing the because it springs from the ideas and idea of the artist, the purpose of the emotions of man concretized by art, and circumstances surrounding means of any sensuous material. the art can properly be served. But art as a fact is observable; is that which is known through the General Classes of Arts senses. It refers then to any creative The three general classes of artifacts work of an artist that can easily be include the following: described upon noticing the different 1. Practically useful, but not mediums being used and the context disinterestedly pleasing in which it is produced. (subjectively pleasing) 2. Both practically useful and Art and Experience disinterestedly pleasing Persons Affected by Art (not subjectively Experience: pleasing); and 1. The person of the artist. 3. Not practically useful, but 2. The person of the percipient. disinterestedly pleasing Characteristics of Experience: (not subjectively pleasing). 1. It must be personal and individual. Natural Objects VS. It must not exactly be the same as that of any other person. Artifacts 2. Experience is accompanied by 1. Works of art can express ideas or emotion or emotional reaction. You feelings, but nature cannot. like it or you do not like it. 2. Works of art - like sentences, but unlike natural objects can mean The Use of Natural something. This point can perhaps be Objects in Works of Art better put another way: works of art, like sentences, but unlike natural objects, can embody communicative Since feelings vary widely, the intentions. resulting art takes a wide range of Take for example, reading a poem. forms. This approach to art comes Through it, we are presumably from the individual’s delight in the entitled to ask, "What is trying to experience. Doodling comes to mind say?" We are certainly not entitled to as one very basic example of such ask such a question after looking at a delight. waterfall or a cloud. Artworks can be created thus 3. Works of art can imitate nature as a means of exploring one’s own (and can be applauded for doing so), experience, a way of bringing hidden but nature cannot imitate nature). emotions to the surface so that they Characteristics of Art may be recognized and understood more clearly. The term for this Works process is catharsis. 1. They are man-made; 2. They are universal; ✓ People do art because they have 3. They are united; the need to express themselves. 4. They are diversified; ✓ Catharsis – a state of mind where 5. They are expressive; the opposite becomes the superior; 6. They are creative; and your hidden emotion comes into 7. They are beautiful. surface; a sudden change of emotion. 2. Communal Needs and Purposes Resemblance Theory in Communities maintain stability Artwork is in the production of works of art This theory would mean that that identify common values and work of art may closely resemblance experiences within that community nature, but it can never duplicate and thus bring people together. nature in as much as it is only man- A convention is an agreed made. The photographic art is upon way of thinking, speaking, or somewhat closest to this theory. The acting in a social context. There are pictures or photographs you'll get are many kinds of conventions, including somewhat similar to the original visual conventions. A good example specimen but even then, they are only in visual art would be a conventional the records of the subject or a scene. sense of direction.
LESSON 3 ✓ Primarily, yung hinihingi ng
society natin. Why do we make Art? ✓ Convention – agreed upon way of 1. The Personal Need to Create thinking, speaking, or acting in a Many works of art come out of social context. (e.g., pagmamano sa a personal decision to put a feeling, mga matatanda) idea, concept or visual form. ✓ Asians: left to center; we are more focused on the left side. experience. The term “icon” comes from the Judy Dater: I like expressing Greek word eikon, or “to be like,” and emotions refers to an image or likeness that is Judy Dater has been making used as a guide to religious worship. photographs for more than 40 years, The holy figures depicted in icons are and is considered one of America’s thought by believers to have special foremost photographers. The recipi- powers of healing or other positive ent of a Guggenheim and many other influence. An icon can also be a person awards, her books include Imogen or thing that symbolically represents a Cunningham: A Portrait, Women and quality or virtue. Other Visions, Body and Soul and ✓ Icons – things crafted for religious Cycles. purposes; they represent something I like expressing emotions—to (e.g., holy cross) have others feel what it is I’m feeling when I’m photographing people. Gina Gibney: Giving power to others ✓ It’s not about capturing the emotion of the subject but of the Gina Gibney is the artistic artist. director of the New York-based Gina Gibney Dance Company, which was Pete Docter: It’s fun making founded in 1991 to serve a dual things mission: to create and perform Pete Docter has been involved contemporary choreography that in Pixar Studio’s most popular and draws upon the strength and insights seminal animated features, including of women and men, and to enrich and Toy Story, A Bug’s Life, Cars, and reshape lives through programs that Wall-E, but he is best known as the give voice to communities in need, director of the Academy-Award- especially survivors of domestic abuse winning Monsters, Inc. Docter is and individuals living with HIV/AIDS. currently directing Up, set for release I make art for a few reasons. In in May of 2009. life, we experience so much fragmen- I make art primarily because I tation of thought and feeling. For me, enjoy the process. It’s fun making creating art brings things back things. together. And I’m sure there is also that ✓ Fragmented (means broken) universal desire to connect with other experience - When your digital people in some way, to tell them experiences contrast with each other, about myself or my experiences. What it is not a good thing. I really look for in a project is some ✓ Fragmentation - Art is the com- thing that resonates with life as I see Bination of things giving a wholesome it, and speaks to our experiences as humans. That probably sounds pretty highfalutin’ coming from someone art. This comes from my belief that who makes cartoons, but I think all there is nothing intrinsic about art. We the directors at Pixar feel the same cannot do a chemical analysis to way. We want to entertain people, not determine if something is art or not. only in the vacuous, escapist sense Instead, I feel like calling something (though to be sure, there’s a lot of that “art” is really just a subjective way of in our movies too), but in a way that indicating value—which could be resonates with the audience as being aesthetic, cultural, monetary, and so truthful about life—some deeper on. emotional experience that they ✓ The concept of art is very vague. recognize in their own existence. On ✓ “What is art?” cannot be the surface, our films are about toys, answered. monsters, fish, or robots; at a foundational level they’re about very James Sturm: The reasons universal things: our own struggles are unimportant with mortality, loss, and defining who James Sturm is a cartoonist we are in the world. and co-founder of the Center for ✓ I do art because its fun doing it Cartoon Studies in White River Junction, Vermont. He is the author of Harrell Fletcher: Anything the best-selling and award-winning anyone calls art is art graphic novel The Golem’s Mighty Harrell Fletcher teaches in the Swing, chosen as the Best Graphic art department at Portland State Novel of 2000 by Time magazine. In University. He has exhibited at the 2007, his trilogy of historical graphic San Francisco Museum of Modern novels was collected in a volume Art, the Berkeley Art Museum, entitled James Sturm’s America: God, Socrates Sculpture Park in New York, Gold, and Golems. and in numerous other museums and I like the question “Why Do galleries around the world. In 2002, You Make Art?” because it assumes Fletcher started Learning To Love what I do is art. A flattering You More, a participatory website assumption. The question also takes with Miranda July, which they turned me back to my freshman year of into a book, published in 2007. college, where such questions like Fletcher is the recipient of the 2005 “What is nature?” and “Is reality a Alpert Award in Visual Arts. wave or a circle?” were earnestly The question of why I make art debated (usually late at night and after needs to be broken down a bit before smoking too much weed). I can answer. Twenty-five years later I’d like First of all, what is art? The to think I am a little more clear- definition for art that I have come up headed regarding this question. with, which seems to work best for Perhaps the only insight I’ve gained is me, is that anything anyone calls art is the knowledge that I have no idea and, secondly, the reasons are art are those that are integral to being unimportant. Depending on my mood, human, transcend the individual, or on any given day, I could attribute do not fulfill a specific external pur- making art to a high-minded impulse pose. In this sense, art, as creativity, is to connect with others or to something humans must do by their understand the world or a narcissistic very nature (i.e., no other species coping mechanism or a desire to be creates art), and is therefore beyond famous or therapy or as my religious utility. discipline or to provide a sense of ✓ We do art for ourselves, not control or a desire to surrender having a need for motivation. control, etc. Basic human instinct for ✓ Kung bakit ginawa ang art ay hindi harmony, balance, rhythm mahalaga, dahil marecognize lang na Art at this level is not an action art yung ginagawa mo ay or an object, but an internal apprecia- nakakaflutter na) tion of balance and harmony (beauty), ✓ Combination of things. and therefore an aspect of being ✓ Reason is unimportant. human beyond utility.
FUNCTIONAL VS. NON- ➢ Paggawa ng bagay na maganda
FUNCTIONAL ART Experience of the mysterious Broadly speaking, all arts have Art provides a way to experie- function. We create because we have nce one’s self in relation to the unive- a particular need for art. rse. This experience may often come Art can be categorized into unmotivated, as one appreciates art, functional and non-functional art. music or poetry. FUNCTIONAL ART ➢ Bigla mo na lang naaappreciate ➢ Directly Useful ang mga bagay sa paligid mo nang ➢ Architecture, weaving, furniture- walang dahilan, or bigla ka na lang making, industrial design, etc. naiirita sa mga bagay bagay nang ➢ e.g. National Museum of Art in walang dahilan Manila and Bentwood Chair Expression of the imagination NON-FUNCTIONAL ART Art provides a means to exp- ➢ Indirectly Useful ress the imagination in nongrammatic ➢ Painting, sculpture, literature, ways that are not tied to the formality music, theater, etc. of spoken or written language. Unlike ➢ e.g. Spoliarium (1884), Venus de words, which come in sequences and Milo (130-100 BC) each of which have a definite meaning art provides a range of forms, symbols NON-MOTIVATED and ideas with meanings that are FUNCTIONS OF ART malleable. The non-motivated purposes of ➢ Dapat ito ay malaya, wala kang sinusundan o pinagbabasehan. directed toward another individual, ➢ Imagination is not definite, it is this is a motivated purpose. MALLEABLE (may iba’t iba tayong Illustrative arts such as definition of our imagination) scientific illustration, are a form of art Ritualistic and symbolic functions as communication. Maps are another In many cultures, art is used in example. However, the content need rituals, performances and dances as a not be scientific. Emotions, moods decoration or symbol. While these and feelings are also communicated often have no specific utilitarian through art. (motivated) purpose, anthropologists ➢ May intent or goal directed toward know that they often serve a purpose another individual. (May at the level of meaning within a parti- communicative power) cular culture. This meaning is not fur- Art as entertainment nished by any one individual, but is Art may seek to bring about a often the result of many generations particular emotion or mood, for the of change, and of a cosmological purpose of relaxing or entertaining the relationship within the culture. viewer. This is often the function of ➢ Pakikisama sa mga ganitong the art industries of Motion Pictures bagay, ay mayroong intrinsic and Video Games. socialization at nagkakaroon ng ➢ Good example ay mga artista. We fulfillment. do art to entertain other people. The Avante-Garde MOTIVATED FUNCTIONS (Art for political change) OF ART One of the defining functions Motivated purposes of art refer of early 20th century art has been to to intentional, conscious actions on use visual images to bring about the part of the artists or creator. These political change. Art movements that may be to bring about political change had this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism, to comment on an aspect of society, Russian constructivism, and Abstract to convey a specific emotion or mood, Expressionism, among others—are to address personal psychology, to collectively referred to as the avante- illustrate another discipline, to (with garde arts. commercial arts) to sell a product, or ➢ To foster change sa isang lugar, simply as a form of communication. especially in the aspect of politics ➢ We do art because we have (push through political change). reasons. Art as a “free zone” Communication Removed from the action of Art, at its simplest, is a form of the social censure. Unlike the avant- communication. As most forms of garde movements, which wanted to communication have an intent or goal erase cultural differences in order to produce new universal values, support a marginalized sector to contemporary art has enhanced its provide money for them. tolerance towards cultural differences Art for psychological and healing as well as its critical and liberating purposes functions (social inquiry, activism, Art is also used by art thera- subversion, deconstruction…), pists, psychotherapists and clinical becoming a more open place for psychologists as art therapy. The research and experimentation. Diagnostic Drawing Series, for ex. is ➢ People create art to removed used to determine the personality and action of the social “censure” which emotional functioning of a patient. means expression of a severe The end product is not the principal disapproval. goal in this case, but rather a process Art for social inquiry, subversion, of healing, through creative acts, is and/or anarchy sought. The resultant piece of artwork While similar to art for political may also offer insight into the troubles change, subversive or deconstructivist experienced by the subject and may art may seek to question aspects of suggest suitable approaches to be society without any specific political used in more conventional forms of goal. In this case, the function of art psychiatric therapy. may be simply to criticize some ➢ One of the most crucial. Art in aspect of society. general is a medium to express what ➢ The artist is not aiming for political we really feel. change, but merely to inform the ➢ Drawing – means to exhaust inner public of what is going on. emotions.
Art for social causes Art for propaganda or
Art can be used to raise aware- commercialism ness for a large variety of causes. A Art is often utilized as a form of number of art activities were aimed at propaganda, and thus can be used to raising awareness of autism, cancer, subtly influence popular conceptions human trafficking, and a variety of or mood. In a similar way, art that other topics, such as ocean conserva- tries to sell a product also influences tion, human rights in Darfur, murder mood and emotion. In both cases, the and missing Aboriginal women, elder purpose of art here is to subtly abuse, and pollution. Trashion, using manipulate the viewer into particular trash to make fashion, practiced by emotional or psychological response artists such as Marina DeBris is one toward a particular idea or object. example of using art to raise ➢ We do art to influece popular awareness about pollution. conceptions or mood. ➢ Creating art because they want to Art as a fitness indicator Parody of Andy Warhol’s 32 Campbell It has been argued that the Soup Cans) ability of the human brain by far ➢ For personal satisfaction. exceeds what was needed for survival in the ancestral environment. SOCIAL FUNCTION: One evolutionary psychology Art performs a social function when: explanation for this is that the human 1. It seeks to influence the collective brain and associated traits (such as behavior of people. artistic ability and creativity) are the 2. It is created to be seen or used human equivalent of the peacock’s primarily in public situations. tail. The purpose of the male 3. It expresses or describes social or peacock’s extravagant tail has been collective aspects of existence as argued to be to attract females. opposed to individual and personal According to this theory super- kinds of experiences. ior execution of art was evolutionarily ➢ Other people influence you to do important because it attracted mates. an artwork. ➢ People create art to attract other PHYSICAL FUNCTION: individual and in order for them to be Tools and containers are objects liked. which function to make our lives phy- FUNCTIONS OF ART sically comfortable. Designing a Art has a general function of functional object involves the consi- satisfying: deration of its intended use and its 1. Our individual needs for personal aesthetic look. expression. ➢ Artist creates art para sa 2. Our social needs for public display, ikagagaan ng kanyang buhay; to make celebration, and communication our lives physicaly comfortable. (It 3. Our physical needs for utilitarian needs to be done) objects or structures. LESSON 4 PERSONAL FUNCTION: Art educates our senses and Derivative Works VS. sharpen our perception of color, forms, Meaning Derivation textures,designs, sounds, rhythms, and Derivative work – This is a replica harmonies in our environment (e.given of an original work; an expressive The Kiss (1907-1908), Daisen Inn creation that includes major copy Stone Garden,at Horaisan Mountain rightable elements of an original, in Daitokuji). previously created first work (mimic) Art offers us fresh insights into Meaning Derivation – is the process nature and human nature so that we of deriving meaning out of a work of gain better understanding of ourselves art. and the world around us e.g. Pop Art 5 STEPS OF MEANING 2. ANALYSIS – (How did the artist do) The meaning of what you see as a DERIVATION viewer; the meaning of the elements 1. DESCRIPTION – (what do you of art based on society. see) limited to your sense of sight Determining what the features suggest and deciding why the artist THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS THAT used such features to convey specific CONSTITUTE A DESCRIPTION ideas. It answers the question: “How INCLUDE: did the artist do it?” A. Form of art whether architecture, A. Determination of subject matter sculture, painting or one of the minor through naming iconographic arts. elements (e.g historical event, B. Medium of work whether clay, allegory, mythology, etc.) stone, steel, paint, etc. and technique B. Selection of most distinctive (tools used) features or characteristics whether C. Size and scale of work (relationship line, shape, color, texture, etc. to a person and/or frame and/or C. Analysis of the principles of design context) or composition (e.g stable, repetitious, D. Elements or general shapes rhythmics, unified, symmetrical, (architectural structural system) harmonious, geometric, varied, within the composition, including of chaotic, horizontal or vertically post-lintel construction or painting oriented, etc.) with several figures lined up in a row; D. Discussion of how elements or identification of objects structural system contribute to E. Description of axis whether apperance of image or function vertical, diagonal, horizontal, etc. E. Analysis of use of light and role of F. Description of line, including color (e.g contrasty, shadowy, contour as soft, planar, jagged, etc. illogical, warm, cool, symbolic, etc.) G. Description of how line describes F. Treatment of space and landscape, shape and space (volume); distinguish both real and illusionary (including between lines of objects and lines of use of perspective) e.g compact, deep, composition (e.g thick, thin, variable, shallow, naturalistic, random irregular, intermittent, indistinct, etc.) G. Portrayal of movement and how it H. Relationships between shapes (e.g is achieved. large and small, overlapping etc.) H. Effect of particular medium(s) used I. Description of color and color I. Your perceptions of balance, scheme = palette proportion and scale (relationships of J. Texture of surface or other each part of the composition to the comments about execution of work whole and to each other part) and K. Context of object: original location your emotional and date J. Reaction to object or monument 3. MEANING – The meaning of the judgment about the quality of the art piece based on the artist. artwork? What is the meaning of the Art piece based on the Artist? 4. CONTEXT – Why did the artist create it and what does it mean?; a certain art piece will be interpreted differently from the other; research about the background or history of a certain art piece. Establishing the broader context for this type of art. It answers the question, “Why did the artist create it and what does it mean?” THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE INTERPRETATION INCLUDE: A. Main idea, overall meaning of the work. B. Interpretative Statement: Can I express what I think the artwork is about in one sentence? C. Evidence: What evidence inside or outside the artwork supports my interpretation? 5. JUDGMENT – Is it good or bad? Judging a piece of work means giving it rank in relation to other works and of course considering a very important aspect of the visual arts; its originality. ➢ Is it a good artwork? ➢ Criteria: What criteria do I think are most appropriate for judging the artwork? ➢ Evidence: What evidence inside or outside the artwork related to each criterion? ➢ Judgment: Based on the criteria and evidence, what is my