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    Lecture - 04 - Continuity Equation

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    Hizana D.S
    The document discusses the continuity equation in fluid mechanics. It begins by stating the conservation of mass principle that mass within a system must remain constant. It then presents the integral and differential forms of the continuity equation, which equate to the rate of change of mass within a control volume equaling the net mass flow rate through the control surface. Next, it derives the differential form of the continuity equation considering a small stationary control volume. It expresses the net mass flow rates through the faces of the control volume in terms of velocity and density. Equating the rate of change and net flow rates gives the differential form of the continuity equation. Finally, it presents the continuity equation in vector notation and cylindrical polar coordinates, and

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    Lecture - 04 - Continuity Equation

    Uploaded by

    Hizana D.S
    22 views9 pages
    The document discusses the continuity equation in fluid mechanics. It begins by stating the conservation of mass principle that mass within a system must remain constant. It then presents the integral and differential forms of the continuity equation, which equate to the rate of change of mass within a control volume equaling the net mass flow rate through the control surface. Next, it derives the differential form of the continuity equation considering a small stationary control volume. It expresses the net mass flow rates through the faces of the control volume in terms of velocity and density. Equating the rate of change and net flow rates gives the differential form of the continuity equation. Finally, it presents the continuity equation in vector notation and cylindrical polar coordinates, and

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    Lecture_04_Continuity equation

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    The document discusses the continuity equation in fluid mechanics. It begins by stating the conservation of mass principle that mass within a system must remain constant. It then presents the integral and differential forms of the continuity equation, which equate to the rate of change of mass within a control volume equaling the net mass flow rate through the control surface. Next, it derives the differential form of the continuity equation considering a small stationary control volume. It expresses the net mass flow rates through the faces of the control volume in terms of velocity and density. Equating the rate of change and net flow rates gives the differential form of the continuity equation. Finally, it presents the continuity equation in vector notation and cylindrical polar coordinates, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views9 pages

    Lecture - 04 - Continuity Equation

    Uploaded by

    Hizana D.S
    The document discusses the continuity equation in fluid mechanics. It begins by stating the conservation of mass principle that mass within a system must remain constant. It then presents the integral and differential forms of the continuity equation, which equate to the rate of change of mass within a control volume equaling the net mass flow rate through the control surface. Next, it derives the differential form of the continuity equation considering a small stationary control volume. It expresses the net mass flow rates through the faces of the control volume in terms of velocity and density. Equating the rate of change and net flow rates gives the differential form of the continuity equation. Finally, it presents the continuity equation in vector notation and cylindrical polar coordinates, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    30-09-2021

    CONTINUITY EQUATION
    CE2002D Mechanics of Fluids

    Conservation of Mass
     Conservation of mass requires that the mass (M) of a system remain constant as the
    system moves through the flow field

    =0

     Control volume representation of the conservation of mass written as

    ∀+ =0

     The first integral represents the rate at which the mass within the control volume is
    changing and the second integral represents the net rate at which mass is flowing out
    through the control surface.
    2
    30-09-2021

    Differential Form of Continuity Equation


    Consider the small, stationary cubical element as control volume
    Volume integral of the small element is

    ∀≈

     Let ρu represent the x component of the mass


    rate of flow per unit area at the center of the
    element
     Net rate of mass flowing from the element through the two surfaces
    in x direction can be expressed as

    ( )

     Similarly, the net rate of mass flowing from the element through the two surfaces
    in y and z directions can be expressed as
    ( ) ( )

     Thus, the net rate of mass outflow


    ( ) ( ) ( )
    Net rate of mass outflow = + +

     Substituting in RTT, the differential equation for conservation of mass is

    ( ) ( ) ( ) This equation is also commonly referred


    + + + =0 to as the continuity equation

     Valid for steady or unsteady flow, and compressible or incompressible fluids


    4
    30-09-2021

     In vector notation

    + =0

     For steady flow of compressible fluids

    =0 ( ) ( ) ( )
    + + =0

     For incompressible fluids the fluid density (ρ) is a constant throughout the flow field

    =0 + + =0

     Applies to both steady and unsteady flow of incompressible fluids

    Continuity equation in cylindrical polar coordinates

    • The velocity at some arbitrary point P can be expressed as

    = + +
    • The differential form of the continuity equation in
    cylindrical coordinates is

    1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( )
    + + + =0

    • The use of cylindrical coordinates is particularly convenient when the boundaries


    of the flow system are cylindrical.

    6
    Problems on Hydro-kinematics

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