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Grade 8 English Language Week 12 Lesson 1

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MINISTRYOF EDUCATION

SECONDARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME


SEPTEMBER 2020
WEEK TWELVE: Lesson One
SUBJECT: English language
GRADE: Eight
TOPIC: Comprehension
SUB-TOPIC: Reading and interpreting passage
OBJECTIVES: For students to:
-read accurately and fluently
-interpreting the passage
-answer questions correctly
-understand and appreciate the writer’s craft
Comprehension Passage: Insects
Insects are variously formed, but as a rule the mature ones have three and only three pairs of
legs, one pair of feelers, one pair of large eyes, and one or two pairs of wings. The body is
divided into a head, thorax and abdomen. The head bears the eyes, feelers and mouth, the thorax
bears the legs and wings, and the abdomen is made up of a number of segments. The presence of
wings at once decides whether or not it is an insect, for, aside from bats and birds, insects alone
have true wings. These are the distinguishing characters of the full-grown insect, but, like birds,
they hatch from eggs and while young do not always look like their parents. When young they
may take on various shapes as caterpillars, borers, maggots, grubs, hoppers, and the like. Young
insects are often difficult to distinguish from true worms, centipedes, snails, and such forms, but
after one has collected and reared some of the young and watched them pass through the
different stages and emerge with wings they are much more easily recognized. Young insects as
a rule are soft like caterpillars and maggots, while the old ones usually have a hard body wall,
similar to the beetles and wasps. The wings are usually thin and transparent though in some cases
they are leathery or hard as in case of beetles or covered with scales as in the butterflies. The
three pairs of legs are jointed and used for running, climbing, jumping, swimming, digging or
grasping. The feelers or antennae are usually threadlike, clubbed, or resemble a feather and
extend forward or sidewise from the head. The large eyes are compound, being made up of many
great small units which, when magnified, resemble honey-comb. In some cases, two or three
small bead-like eyes may be present besides the two large eyes. The mouth parts of insects may
be formed for chewing, as in the grasshopper, or for sucking up liquids, as in the mosquito. The
mouth of an insect is built on an entirely different plan from our own. Chewing insects have an
upper and lower lip and between these there are two pairs of grinding jaws. These jaws are
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hinged at the side of the face and when chewing they come together from either side so as to
meet in the middle of the mouth. They therefore work sidewise rather than up and down. The
mouth parts of the sucking insects are drawn out to form a sucking tube or proboscis as in case of
the butterfly or mosquito. The internal organs of insects are similar to those of other animals. The
digestive tube consists of esophagus, gizzard, or stomach, and intestines. The nervous system is
well developed as shown by the extreme sensitiveness of insects to touch. The brain is
comparatively small except in the bees and ants. The circulatory system consists simply of a long
tube heart, the blood vessels being absent. In this way the internal organs of the insect are simply
bathed in the blood. The system of respiration is most complicated. The air is taken in through
pores usually along the side of the body and is then carried through fine tracheal tubes to all parts
of the body. You cannot drown an insect by putting its head under water, since it does not
breathe through its mouth. The muscular system is similar to that of other animals which have
the skeleton on the outside.

Questions
1. What are the parts of an insect’s body?
2. What do insects have in common with birds?
3. What are young insects often mistaken for? Why?
4. How do young and mature insects differ?
5. Describe compound eyes.
6. Describe generally how insects’ mouths differ from our own.
7. How do the internal organs of insects compare to those of other animals?
8. Why can’t you drown an insect by putting its head under water?

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