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    Cal Exam - Apr 2022 FUV - Solns

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    Nuong Phan
    1. The function (f ◦ g)(x) is defined and its domain and range are calculated. 2. A cosine function h(t) is constructed to model the variation in water height over time with an amplitude of 0.9 m and average height of 2.1 m over a 6 hour period. 3. The function f(x) is defined on two intervals and shown to be continuous at the point where the intervals meet.

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    Cal Exam - Apr 2022 FUV - Solns

    Uploaded by

    Nuong Phan
    58 views3 pages
    1. The function (f ◦ g)(x) is defined and its domain and range are calculated. 2. A cosine function h(t) is constructed to model the variation in water height over time with an amplitude of 0.9 m and average height of 2.1 m over a 6 hour period. 3. The function f(x) is defined on two intervals and shown to be continuous at the point where the intervals meet.

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    Cal Exam - Apr 2022 FUV - solns

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    1. The function (f ◦ g)(x) is defined and its domain and range are calculated. 2. A cosine function h(t) is constructed to model the variation in water height over time with an amplitude of 0.9 m and average height of 2.1 m over a 6 hour period. 3. The function f(x) is defined on two intervals and shown to be continuous at the point where the intervals meet.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views3 pages

    Cal Exam - Apr 2022 FUV - Solns

    Uploaded by

    Nuong Phan
    1. The function (f ◦ g)(x) is defined and its domain and range are calculated. 2. A cosine function h(t) is constructed to model the variation in water height over time with an amplitude of 0.9 m and average height of 2.1 m over a 6 hour period. 3. The function f(x) is defined on two intervals and shown to be continuous at the point where the intervals meet.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CALCULUS EXAM – FUV – 29 April 2022 – 90 minutes (Dr Janet Harris)

    OUTLINE SOLUTIONS
    √
    1. We have f (x) = 1 + x and g(x) = 4 − x2 .
    p √
    a) (f ◦ g)(x) = f (g(x)) = 1 + g(x) = 1 + 4 − x2 .
    b) We need 4 − x2 ≥ 0 so x2 ≤ 4, hence the domain is [−2, 2].
    √
    Also x2 ≥ 0 so 0 ≤ 4 − x2 ≤ 4 and 0 ≤ 4 − x2 ≤ 2 so the range is [1, 3].
    √
    [Alternatively we may recognize 4 − x2 as the top half of a circle of radius 2 centred on the
    origin, and f (g(x)) as this semicircle shifted up by 1 unit, leading to the same results.]

    2. Let h(t) be the height of the water in meters at time t hours. The average height of the water
    is (3 + 1.2)/2 = 2.1, and the amplitude of the variation is 0.9. Since t = 0 at the maximum we
    take a cosine function.
    That is, we start with f (t) = cos(ωt) which has period T = 2π ω
    . Setting period T = 6 gives
    ω = π3 , so f (t) = cos( πt
    3
    ). [OR Start with g(t) = cos(t) which has period 2π then stretch
    t πt
    horizontally by a factor 6/(2π) = 3/π by taking g( 3/π ) = cos( 3 ).]
    We then stretch vertically by a factor of 0.9 and shift up by 2.1 units, to obtain
    πt
    h(t) = 2.1 + 0.9f (t) = 2.1 + 0.9 cos( ).
    3
    
    x2 − 4x + 5 if x ≤ 2
    3. f (x) =
    x+a if x > 2.
    We have lim− f (x) = lim− (x2 − 4x + 5) = 1 and lim+ f (x) = lim+ (x + a) = 2 + a.
    x→2 x→2 x→2 x→2
    For continuity we need lim− f (x) = lim+ (f (x), that is 1 = 2 + a, so a = −1.
    x→2 x→2

    2ex
    4. Find all the horizontal and vertical asymptotes of the curve y =
    ex − 1
    Note that lim ex = ∞ and lim ex = lim e−x = 0.
    x→∞ x→−∞ x→∞
    We have
    2ex 2
    lim y = lim = lim =2
    x→∞ x→∞ ex − 1 x→∞ 1 − e−x

    2ex 0
    lim y = lim x = lim =0
    x→−∞ x→−∞ e − 1 x→∞ −1

    Hence the curve has two horizontal asymptotes: y = 2 and y = 0.


    We note that y does not exist where ex = 1, that is at x = 0.
    2ex 2 2ex 2
    lim+ y = lim+ x
    = + = ∞, lim− y = lim− x
    = − = −∞
    x→0 x→0 e −1 0 x→0 x→0 e −1 0
    So the curve has a vertical asymptote at x = 0.

    Page 1 of 3
    5. a) v(t) is best estimated by drawing a tangent to the graph of s(t) at the point t = 2 and
    calculating its slope. This method gives v(2) ≈ 1.3 (cm/s).
    b) The particle is moving forwards when s(t) is increasing. It is decelerating when s(t) is
    concave down. It is therefore moving forwards and decelerating on the time interval (3, 4).

    6.
    42000
    V (t) = = 42000(1 + 0.3t + 0.1t2 )−1
    1 + 0.3t + 0.1t2
    So by chain rule
    −42000(0.3 + 0.2t)
    V 0 (t) = −42000(1 + 0.3t + 0.1t2 )−2 · (1 + 0.3t + 0.1t2 )0 = −
    (1 + 0.3t + 0.1t2 )2
    −42000(0.7)
    V 0 (2) = − = −7350 ($/year)
    22
    After 2 years, the value of the truck is decreasing at an instantaneous rate of $7350 per year.

    7. We have f (x) = ln(x2 + 1).


    2x
    a) By chain rule, f 0 (x) = .
    x2 +1
    (x2 + 1) · 2 − 2x(2x) 2(1 − x2 )
    Then by quotient rule, f 00 (x) = = .
    (x2 + 1)2 (x2 + 1)2
    b) f 0 (x) = 0 at x = 0. Using this critical point to divide the real line we observe that on
    (−∞, 0), f 0 (x) < 0 so the function is decreasing, and on (0, ∞), f 0 (x) > 0 so the function is
    increasing. Hence we can conclude that y = f (x) has an absolute minimum value of zero at
    x = 0 and has no absolute maximum value.
    c) f 00 (x) = 0 where x2 − 1 = 0, that is at x = ±1. Using these values to divide the real line we
    observe that on (−∞, −1) and (1, ∞), f 00 (x) < 0 so the graph is concave down, and on (−1, 1),
    f 00 (x) > 0 so the graph is concave up. The graph has inflection points at (1, ln 2) and (−1, ln 2).

    8. We have x3 + x = y 2 − 2y.
    Differentiating both sides with respect to x gives 3x2 + 1 = 2y · y 0 − 2y 0
    3x2 + 1
    which rearranges to y 0 = .
    2(y − 1)
    At the point (0, 2), y 0 = 21 . So the tangent line passes through the point (0, 2) with slope 1
    2
    and
    therefore has equation y − 2 = 12 (x − 0), that is y = 12 x + 2.
    b) Differentiating again with respect to x, by quotient rule, we have

    d2 y d  dy  d  3x2 + 1  2(y − 1) · 6x − (3x2 + 1) · 2y 0


    = = =
    dx2 dy dx dy 2(y − 1) 4(y − 1)2

    d2 y 2 · 0 − 1 · 2( 21 ) 1
    At (0, 2), y 0 = 1
    2
    so 2
    == =− .
    dx 4 4
    9. Let x be the distance |AQ| and let y be the distance |QB|, and work in meters and seconds.
    We know dx = 2. We want to find dy when x = 5.
    dt dt √ p
    We have |AP | + |P B| = 28 so by Pythagoras, x2 + 122 + y 2 + 122 = 28.
    Differentiating both sides with respect to t gives
    2x dx 2y dy
    √ + p = 0.
    2 x2 + 144 dt 2 y 2 + 144 dt

    Page 2 of 3
    p
    dy x y 2 + 144 dx
    This rearranges to =− √ ·
    dt
    √ y x2 + 144 dt p
    When x = 5, |AP | = x2 + 144 = 13. Hence |P B| = 28 − 13 = 15 = y 2 − 144 so y = 9, and

    dy 5 · 15 50
    =− ·2= ≈ 1.282
    dt 9 · 13 39
    Hence B is moving towards Q at approximately 1.28 m/s.

    Page 3 of 3

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