Department of Mathematics & Computing

Engineering Mathematics I
Tutorial Sheet-IV (Solution)
(Vector Differential and Integral Calculus)

π
1. Solution: Let x = sin t then y = 1 − 2sin2 t = cos 2t, −π
2 ≤t≤ 2

Hence the parametric form is

π
r(t) = sin ti + cos 2tj , −π
2 ≤ t ≤ 2.

2. Solution: The position vector of a point on the curve is r(t) = cos ti + sin tj + tk .
Therefore the tangent vector is r ′ (t) = − sin ti + cos tj + k

3. Solution: F~ (1, 1) = 2j , F
~ (−1, 0) = −i − j

15 7x 3y
4. Solution: For this problem lets solve for z to get z = − − .
4 4 4
The parametric equation for the plane is ~r(x, y) = x, y, 15 7 3
4 − 4x − 4y .

5. Solution: r ′ (t)= - a sin t i + a cos t j + c k .

6. Solution: r(t)=(cos t+sin t) i +(sin t - cos t) j +t k ,

r ′ (t)=(- sin t+cos t) i +(cos t + sin t) j + k ,
r ′′ (t)=(- cos t - sin t) i +(- sin t + cos t) j ,
Hence velocity v(t)=r ′ (t)
v(t)=(- sin t+cos t) i +(cos t + sin t) j + k ,
√
speed =|v(t)|= 3,
acceleration a(t) = r ′′ (t),
a(t) = (- cos t - sin t) i +(- sin t + cos t) j .
p
7. Solution: r = xi + yj + zk ⇒ | r |= x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
1
ln | r |= ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
2

1
∇φ = ∇ ln(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
2
1 2x 2y 2z
= {i +j 2 +k 2 }
2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x + y2 + z2 x + y2 + z2
r
=
x + y2 + z2
2
r
= .
r2

1
 8. Solution: Let φ = ∇(x sin(yz) + y sin(xz) + zsin(xy)).
Then

∂φ ∂φ ∂φ
∇φ = i +j +k
∂x ∂y ∂z
= {sin(yz) + y cos(xz)z + z cos(xy)y}i + {x cos(yz)z + x sin(xz) + z cos(xy)x}j

+ {sin(xy) + x cos(yz)y + y cos(xz)x}k

√
π+ 2 π
= ( )i , at(0, , 1).
2 4

9. Solution: Let f (x, y, z) = x2 + 2y 2 + z 2 − 4.

Now, ∇f = i ∂f ∂f ∂f
∂x + j ∂y + k ∂z = 2xi + 4yj + 2zk .

The normal vector at (1, 1, 1) is (∇f )at(1,1,1) = 2i + 4j + 2k .

2i
√+4j +2k i +2j
√ +k .
The unit normal vector at (1, 1, 1)= 4+16+4
= 6

10. Solution:

RHS = (g∇f − f ∇g)/2

[g{i ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂g ∂g ∂g
∂x + j ∂y + k ∂z } − f (i ∂x + j ∂y + k ∂z )]
=
g2
= ∇(f /g) = LHS.

11. Solution: ∇φ = (2xyz − 4yz 2 )i + (x2 z − 4xz 2 )j + (x2 y − 8xyz)k .

At (1, 3, 1), ∇φ = −6i − 3j − 21k .
The unit vector in the direction of 2i − j − 2k is
b 2i − j − 2k 2 1 2
b= √ = i − j − k.
4+1+4 3 3 3
Thus the required directional derivative is , (∇φ)at (1,3,1) · bb = 11

12. Solution: Let φ = 2x2 + y 2 + z 2 .

∇φ = 4xi + 2yj + 2zk
(∇φ)at = 4i + 4j + 6k
(1,2,3)
x y z
Vector form of the line = = is 3ki + 4kj + 5kk .
3 4 5

The unit vector in the direction of 3ki + 4kj + 5kk is,

b 3ki + 4kj + 5kk 3i + 4j + 5k

b= √ = √ .
2 2
9k + 16k + 25k 2 5 2
Thus the required directional derivative is , (∇φ)at (1,2,3) · bb = 58
√ .
5 2

2
13. Solution: ∇φ = 2zi − 2yj + 2xk .
The directional derivative is maximum in the direction (∇φ)at (1,3,2) = 4i − 6j + 2k .
√
The magnitude of this maximum is | (∇φ)at (1,3,2) |= 2 14.

14. Solution: ∇f (x, y) = (2x − y)i + (−x − 1 + 2y)j .

At (x1 , y1 ), ∇f (x1 , y1 ) = (2x1 − y1 )i + (−x
√ 1 − 1 + 2y1√)j .
(i + 3j ) (i + 3j )
The unit vector in the direction of is .
2 2 √
Now, the directional derivative (2x1 − y1 ) 12 + (−x1 − 1 + 2y1 ) 23 = 0
√ √ √
⇒ (2 − 3)x1 + (2 3 − 1)y1 = 3. Hence the required points are all the points on the line
√ √ √
(2 − 3)x + (2 3 − 1)y = 3

15. Solution:
∇ · (r̄/r) = r −1 ∇ · r̄ + r̄ · ∇r −1

= 3r −1 + r̄ · (−r −1−2 r̄) (∴ ∇r n = nr n−2 r̄)

= 3r −1 − r −3 r̄ · r̄

= 3r −1 − r −3 r 2 = 2r −1

So ∇ · (r̄/r) = 2∇r −1

= 2(−1)r −1−2 r̄ = −2r −3 r̄.

16. Solution:
∇ · Ā = 0
 
∂ ∂ ∂

i +j +k (bx2 y + yz)i + (xy 2 − xz 2 )j + (2xyz − 2x2 y 2 )k = 0
∂x ∂y ∂z
2bxy + 2xy + 2xy = 0

b = −2.

17. Solution:  
∂ ∂ ∂ x2 z z2
Let f = ∇ · Ū = i +j +k ( i + yxj + k )
∂x ∂y ∂z 2 2
∇f |(4,4,2) = zi + k |(4,4,2) = 2i + k

Normal to the sphere g = x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 36 is

∇g|(4,4,2) = 2(xi + yj + zk )|(4,4,2) = 4(2i + 2j + k )

∇g 4(2i + 2j + k ) 2i + 2j + k
ā = unit normal = = =
|∇g| 64 + 64 + 16 3
The required directional derivative is
 
2i + 2j + k 5
∇f · ā = (2i + k ) = .
3 3

3
18. Solution:
i j k
∇ × Ā = ∂ ∂ ∂
∂x ∂y ∂z
x2 − yz y 2 − zx z 2 − xy
= i (−x + x) − j (−y + y) + k (−z + z)

∇ × Ā = 0.

To find f : Ā = ∇f = i ∂f ∂f ∂f
∂x + j ∂y + k ∂z

Comparing components of i , j , k , we get

∂f
= x2 − yz (1)
∂x
∂f
= y 2 − zx (2)
∂y
∂f
= z 2 − xy (3)
∂z
Integrating (1) partially w.r.t x, we get
x3
f= − xyz + c1 (y, z) (4)
3
Differentiating (4) partially w.r.t y and equating it with (2), we get

∂c1
= y2 (5)
∂y
Integrating (5) partially w.r.t y
y3
c1 (y, z) = + c2 (z) (6)
3
Substituting (6) in (4)
x3 y3
f= − xyz + + c2 (z) (7)
3 3
Differentiating (7) partially w.r.t z and equating it with (3), we get
∂c2
= z2
∂z
z3
c2 (z) =
3
x + y3 + z3
3
that is, f= − xyz.
3

19. Solution: F~ d~r = 3xyi − y 2 j , d~r = dx i + dy j

Also, yZ = 2x2 ⇒Zdy = 4xdx Z 1
Now, ~
F d~r = 2
3xydx − y dy = 3x.2x2 dx − 4x4 .4xdx
h C Ci x=0
1
= 6x4 /4 − 16x6 /6 = − 76
0

4
 R R
20. Solution: Like above, C F~ d~r = C (x + y 2 )dx + (x2 − y 2 )dy
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
= (x + x4/3 )dx + (y 3 − y)dy + (x + x2 )dx + (x2 − x)dx = (x4/3 dx + y 3 dy) + 2x2 dx
0 0 0 0
= 1/84

21. Solution: Since C is not closed, so close up the curve C by line segment C from (1,1) to (-1,1).
Z Z
Now, F~ d~r = (1 + xy 2 )dx − x2 ydy
C
∴ P = 1 + xy 2 , Q = −x2 y ⇒ δθ/δx = −2xy, δP/δy = 2xy

Applying Green’s theorem to the region D, we have,

Z Z Z Z Z
(1 + xy 2 )dx − x2 ydy = (−2xy − 2xy)dA = −4xy dA
C∪C ′ D D
Z 1 Z 1
= −4xy dy dx = 0.
−1 2

22. Solution: P = x2 y, Q = −xy 2 ⇒ δQ 2 δP

δx = −y , δy = x
2

R R R R R R 2π R 2
Now, C P dx + Qdy = D −y 2 − x2 dA = − D (x2 + y 2 )dA = 0 0 r 2 .rdrdθ
R 2π R 2 R 2π 4 2 R 2π
⇒ − 0 0 r 3 drdθ = − 0 r4 dθ = − 0 4dθ = −8π.
0
p
23. Solution: The integral would be f (x, y, g(x, y)) 1 + (δt/δx)2 + (δz/δy)2 dA

Now z 2 = 1 − x2 − y 2 ⇒ δz/δx = −x/z, δz/δy = −y/z

Substituting in 2nd equation, we get

Z Z p Z Z p
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y z 1 + x /z + y /z dA = x2 y 2 1 + x2 + y 2 dA
R R
Z Z Z 2π Z 1
= x2 y 2 dA = r 2 cos2 θ r 2 sin2 θrdrdθ = π/24.
R θ=0 r=0

24. Solution:
Za Za Za
I = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dxdydz
0 0 0
Za Za  a
2 2z3
= x z+y z+ dxdy
3 0
0 0
Za Za  
a3
= x2 a + y 2 a + dxdy
3
0 0
Za  a
1 a3 y
= x ay + y 3 a +
2
dx
3 3 0
0
Za  
1 a4
= x a + a4 +
2 2
dx
3 3
0
= a5

5
25. Solution:

Z 2
Z2 Z2 4−x
I = (2x + y)dxdydz
x=0 y=0 z=0
Z2 Z2


= (2x + y) 4 − x2 dxdy
x=0 y=0
Z2
= [16x − 4x3 + 2(4 − x2 )]dx
x=0
80
=
3

26. Solution:
Z a−x−y
Za a−x Z
I = x2 dxdydz
x=0 0 0
Za a−x
Z
= x2 (a − x − y)dxdy
x=0 0
Za
1 2 a5
= x (a − x)2 dx =
2 60
x=0

RR RRR
27. Solution: By divergence theorem, v · n dA = (∇ · v)dV and we can find ∇ · v = 5y + 3.
S D
Now,

Z Z Z Z4 Z4 4−x
Z
(∇ · v)dV = (5y + 3)dydxdz
D 0 0 0
4−x
Z4 Z
= 4 (5y + 3)dydx
0 0
Z4  4−x
5 2
= 4 y + 3y dx
2 0
0
Z4  
5 2
= 4 (4 − x) + 3(4 − x) dx
2
0
928
= .
3

6
28. Solution: We have ∇ · v = 2x + 4y + 6z. Therefore,
√
Z Z Z Z3 Z3 y=Z 9−x2

(∇ · v)dV = (2x + 4y + 6z)dydxdz

√
D 0 −3 y=− 9−x2
√
Z3 y=Z 9−x2
= (6x + 12y + 27)dydx.
√
−3 y=− 9−x2

Since, x, y are odd functions, we find

√
Z Z Z Z3 y=Z 9−x2

(∇ · v)dV = 27dydx
√
D −3 y=− 9−x2
√
Z3 y=Z 9−x2

= 4 × 27 dydx
0 0
Z3 √
9−x2
= 4 × 27 [y]0y= dx
0
Z3 p
= 4 × 27 9 − x2 dx
0
 p  3
x 2
9 −1 x
= 4 × 27 9 − x + sin
2 2 3 0
= 9 × 27 × π = 243π.

The surface consists of three parts, S1 (top),S2 (bottom)and S3 (vertical).

On S1 : z = 3, n = k . Z Z Z Z
(v · n)dA = 3 z 2 dA = 243π
S1 S1
On S2 : z = 0, n = −k . Z Z Z Z
(v · n)dA = −3 z 2 dA = 0
S2 S2
2xi + 2yj
On S3 : x2 + y 2 = 9, n = p = 31 (xi + yj )
2 x2 + y 2
Z Z Z Z
1
(v · n)dA = (x3 + 2y 3 )dA.
3
S3 S3

By using the cylindrical coordinates, we write x = 3 cos θ, y = sin θ, dA = 3dθdz.

Z Z Z3 Z2π
(v · n)dA = (27 cos 3 θ + 54 sin3 θ)dθdz
S3 0 0
Z3 Z2π    
3 3
= 27 cos θ + cos 3θ + 2 sin θ + sin 3θ) dθdz = 0
4 4
0 0

7
 RR RRR
Thus, (v · n)dA = (∇ · v)dV .
S D

29. Solution: Applying Stokes’s theorem, the given integral can be reduced to
Z
1
((y 2 + z 2 )dx + (x2 + z 2 )dy + (x2 + y 2 )dz),
2
C

where C is the curve x2 + y 2 − 2ax = 0, z = 0 or (x − a)2 + y 2 = a2 , z = 0.

Put x = a(1 + cos θ), y = a sin θ, z = 0.
Z
1
((y 2 + z 2 )dx + (x2 + z 2 )dy + (x2 + y 2 )dz)
2
C
Zπ
1

= a2 sin2 θ(−a sin θ) + a2 (1 + cos θ)a cos θ dθ
2
−π
3
= πa .

30. Solution: Consider the projection of S on x − y plane. The projection is the circular region
x2 + y 2 ≤ 16, z = 0 and the bounding curve C is the circle z = 0, x2 + y 2 = 16. We have,
Z Z Z
v · dr = ((3x − y)dx − 2yz 2 dy − 2y 2 zdz) = (3x − y)dx
C C C

since z = 0. Take x = 4 cos θ, y = 4 sin θ, we obtain

Z Z2π Z2π  
3 1
(3x − y)dx = 4(3 cos θ − sin θ)(−4 sin θ)dθ = −16 sin 2θ − (1 − cos 2θ) dθ
2 2
C 0 0
= 16π.

Now, ∇ × v = k , n = 2(xi
√ +yj +zk ) =
2 2 2
xi +yj +zk
4 and (∇ × v) · n = 4z . Therefore,
2 x +y +z

Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
z z dxdy z dxdy
(∇ × v) · n dA = dA = = = dxdy = 16π
4 4 n·k 4 z/4
S S R R R

which is the area of the circular region in the x − y plane. Hence, Stokes’s theorem is proved.