 A Data frame is a two-dimensional data structure,

i.e., data is aligned in a tabular fashion in rows and

columns.

 Features of DataFrame
 Potentially columns are of different types
 Size – Mutable
 Labeled axes (rows and columns)
 Can Perform Arithmetic operations on rows and
columns
 A pandas DataFrame can be created using the
following constructor −
 pandas.DataFrame( data, index, columns, dtype,
copy)
 A pandas DataFrame can be created using various
inputs like −
 Lists
 dict
 Series
 Numpy ndarrays
 Another DataFrame

In the subsequent slides of this lecture, we will see

how to create a DataFrame using these inputs.
 Create an Empty DataFrame
 A basic DataFrame, which can be created is an
Empty Dataframe.

 #import the pandas library and aliasing as pd

 import pandas as pd
 df = pd.DataFrame()
 print df
 Create a DataFrame from Lists
 The DataFrame can be created using a single list or
a list of lists.
 Example 1
 import pandas as pd
 data = [1,2,3,4,5]
 df = pd.DataFrame(data)
 print (df)
 Example 3
 import pandas as pd
 data = [['Alex',10],['Bob',12],['Clarke',13]]
 df=pd.DataFrame(data,columns=['Name','Age'],dty
pe=float)
 print(df)
 Note − Observe, the dtype parameter changes the
type of Age column to floating poi
 Create DataFrame from Dictionary using default
Constructor
 DataFrame constructor accepts a data object that
can be ndarray, dictionary etc.
 But if we are passing a dictionary in data, then it
should contain a list like objects in value field like
Series, arrays or lists etc i.e.
 # Dictionary with list object in values
 studentData = {
 'name' : ['jack', 'Riti', 'Aadi'],
 'age' : [34, 30, 16],
 'city' : ['Sydney', 'Delhi', 'New york']
 }
 On Initialising a DataFrame object with this kind of
dictionary, each item (Key / Value pair) in
dictionary will be converted to one column i.e. key
will become Column Name and list in the value
field will be the column data
 # Dictionary with list object in values
 Import pandas as pd
 studentData = {
 'name' : ['jack', 'Riti', 'Aadi'],
 'age' : [34, 30, 16],
 'city' : ['Sydney', 'Delhi', 'New york']
 }
 dfObj = pd.DataFrame(studentData)
 print(dfObj)
 All the ndarrays must be of same length. If index is
passed, then the length of the index should equal to the
length of the arrays.
 If no index is passed, then by default, index will be
range(n), where n is the array length.
 import pandas as pd
 data={'Name':['Tom','Jack','Steve','Ricky'],'Age':[28,34,29
,42]}
 df = pd.DataFrame(data)
 print(df)
 List of Dictionaries can be passed as input data to
create a DataFrame. The dictionary keys are by default
taken as column names.

 The following example shows how to create a

DataFrame by passing a list of dictionaries.

 import pandas as pd
 data = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2},{'a': 5, 'b': 10, 'c': 20}]
 df = pd.DataFrame(data)
 print df
 Example 2
 The following example shows how to create a
DataFrame by passing a list of dictionaries and the row
indices.

 import pandas as pd
 data = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2},{'a': 5, 'b': 10, 'c': 20}]
 df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=['first', 'second'])
 print (df)
 The following example shows how to create a DataFrame
with a list of dictionaries, row indices, and column indices.

 import pandas as pd
 data = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2},{'a': 5, 'b': 10, 'c': 20}]
 #With two column indices, values same as dictionary keys
 df1 = pd.DataFrame(data, index=['first', 'second'],
columns=['a', 'b'])
 #With two column indices with one index with other name
 df2 = pd.DataFrame(data, index=['first', 'second'],
columns=['a', 'b1'])
 print (df1)
 print (df2)
 Dictionary of Series can be passed to form a DataFrame.
The resultant index is the union of all the series indexes
passed

 import pandas as pd
 d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
 'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
 df = pd.DataFrame(d)
 print (df)
 # In order to deal with columns, we perform basic
operations on columns like selecting, deleting, adding
and renaming.
 Column Selection:
 import pandas as pd
 # Define a dictionary containing employee data
 data = {'Name':['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'],
 'Age':[27, 24, 22, 32],
 'Address':['Delhi', 'Kanpur', 'Allahabad', 'Kannauj'],
 'Qualification':['Msc', 'MA', 'MCA', 'Phd']}
 # Convert the dictionary into DataFrame
 df = pd.DataFrame(data)
 # select two columns
 print(df[['Name', 'Qualification']])
 Column Addition:
 In Order to add a column in Pandas DataFrame, we can declare a new list as a
column and add to a existing Dataframe.
 # Define a dictionary containing Students data

import pandas as pd
dic = {'Name': ['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'], 'Height': [5.1, 6.2, 5.1,
5.2], 'Qualification': ['Msc', 'MA', 'Msc', 'Msc']}

 # Convert the dictionary into DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data=dic)

 # Declare a list that is to be converted into a column

address = ['Delhi', 'Bangalore', 'Chennai', 'Patna']
# Using 'Address' as the column name # and equating it to the list
df['Address'] = address
# Observe the result
print(df)
 Column Addition:
import pandas as pd
dic = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(dic)
 # Adding a new column to an existing DataFrame
object with column label by passing new series
df['three']=pd.Series([10,20,30],index=['a','b','c'])
print(df)
df['four']=df['one']+df['three']
print(df)
 Pandas key data structure is called?

 A. Keyframe
B. DataFrame
C. Statistics
D. Econometrics
 Which of the following input can be accepted by
DataFrame?
a) Structured ndarray
b) Series
c) DataFrame
d) All of the mentioned
 Identify the correct statement:
 A. The standard marker for missing data in Pandas
is NaN
 B. Series act in a way similar to that of an array
 C. Both of the above
 D. None of the above
 If data is an ndarray, index must be the same
length as data.
a) True
b) False
 Column Deletion
 Columns can be deleted, popped or dropped.
import pandas as pd
d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']),
'three' : pd.Series([10,20,30], index=['a','b','c'])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
print(df)
 # using del function
del df['one']
print (df)
 # using pop function
df.pop('two')
print df
 import pandas as pd
 # Define a dictionary containing employee data
 data = {'Name':['Jai', 'Princi', 'Gaurav', 'Anuj'],
 'Age':[27, 24, 22, 32],
 'Address':['Delhi', 'Kanpur', 'Allahabad', 'Kannauj'],
 'Qualification':['Msc', 'MA', 'MCA', 'Phd']}
 # Convert the dictionary into DataFrame
 df = pd.DataFrame(data)
 # select all rows # and second to fourth column
 df[df.columns[1:4]]
 Selection by Label
 Rows can be selected by passing row label to a loc function.
 [loc is label-based, which means that you have to specify rows and columns
based on their row and column label.]

 import pandas as pd
 d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
 'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
 df = pd.DataFrame(d)
 print df.loc['b']
 Selection by integer location
 Rows can be selected by passing integer location to an iloc function.
 iloc is integer index based, so you have to specify
rows and columns by their integer index
 import pandas as pd
 d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
 'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c',
'd'])}
 df = pd.DataFrame(d)
 print df.iloc[2]
 Select Multiple Rows
 Multiple rows can be selected using ‘ : ’ operator.
 import pandas as pd
 d = {'one' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3], index=['a', 'b', 'c']),
 'two' : pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4], index=['a', 'b', 'c',
'd'])}
 df = pd.DataFrame(d)
 print(df[2:4])
 Addition of Rows
 Add new rows to a DataFrame using the append function. This function will
append the rows at the end.

 import pandas as pd
 df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns = ['a','b'])
 df2 = pd.DataFrame([[5, 6], [7, 8]], columns = ['a','b'])
 df = df.append(df2)
 print (df)
 Deletion of Rows
 Use index label to delete or drop rows from a DataFrame. If label is
duplicated, then multiple rows will be dropped.

 If you observe, in the above example, the labels are duplicate.

 import pandas as pd
 df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns = ['a','b'])
 df2 = pd.DataFrame([[5, 6], [7, 8]], columns = ['a','b'])
 df = df.append(df2)
 # Drop rows with label 0
 df = df.drop(0)
 print (df)
 Deletion of Rows
 Use index label to delete or drop rows from a DataFrame. If label is
duplicated, then multiple rows will be dropped.

 If you observe, in the above example, the labels are duplicate.

 import pandas as pd
 df = pd.DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], columns = ['a','b'])
 df2 = pd.DataFrame([[5, 6], [7, 8]], columns = ['a','b'])
 df = df.append(df2)
 # Drop rows with label 0
 df = df.drop(0)
 print (df)
 DataFrame is a two-dimensional matrix and
will give the shape as rows and columns by
 df.shape
 This is a tuple and thus if we need to store
the rows and columns into some variables
 Pandas head() method is used to return top n
(5 by default) rows of a data frame or series.
 We can get the detail of all the data in the
DataFrame like it’s max, min, mean etc. by
just one command df.describe()
 Function to see first few observations in data
frame is
 A. dataframe_object.head()
 B.dataframe_object.start()
 C.head()
 D.All
 What is the syntax to remove column from
dataframe
 A. del dataframe_object(Column_name)
 B. del Column_name
 C. del dataframe_object()
 D.None of the above
 What is the syntax to remove column from
dataframe
 A. del dataframe_object(Column_name)
 B. del Column_name
 C. del dataframe_object()
 D.None of the above
 The syntax to check uniqueness of lables
 A.df.index.is_unique
 B. df.is_unique
 C. index.is_unique
 D. None of the above
 What is the method for generating multiple
statistics
 A. df.explain()
 B. df.stat()
 C. df.describe()
 D. All
 What is the method for generating multiple
statistics
 A. df.explain()
 B. df.stat()
 C. df.describe()
 D. All
 What is the syntax for reading a csv file into
dataframe in pandas
 A. df = pd.read_csv(file_name.csv)
 B. df = pd.read_csv()
 C. df = read_csv(file_name.csv)
 D. All
 What function is used to fill missing data
 A. df.fillna(value)
 B. fillna(value)
 C. df.fillna()
 D. fillna()
 The operator used for concatenation of
strings is
 A. :
 B. +
 C. *
 D. All
 The index of last character in the string is
 A. 0
 B. 1
 C. N
 D. N -1