ESE-Singls & Systems Volume-1 CRPQ
ESE-Singls & Systems Volume-1 CRPQ
1
Classification of signals
(A) x(n) + 2x(–n) (B) 5x(n) x(n–1)
06. Determine whether the following signals are
(C) x(n) x(–n–1) (D) 4x(2n) energy (or) power signals?
(a) A > D > B > C (b) C > D > A > B (a) x(t) = et u(t)
(c) B > D > A > C (d) D > A > C > D (b) x(t) = A
(c) y(t)
02. A signal x(t) is nonzero for –1 t 2 and zero A
–t
Ae
elsewhere. Then the signal y (t) 2x ; 2 t E is t
2 0
nonzero for duration of
(d) x(t) = A cos(t + )
(a) 6 (b) 3
(e) x(t) = tu(t)
(c) 1.5 (d) 2
(f) x(t) = e3tu(t)
03. Find the value of the following integrals 07. (i) Two sequences x1[n] and x2[n] have the same
2 energy. Suppose x1[n] = (0.5)nu[n], where is
(a) # (t t2) G(t 4) dt
a positive real number and u[n] is the unit step
-1
sequence. Assume
3
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
18 Systems & Signal Processing
09. Give in figure are the parts of a signal x(t) and x(t) Signal 1 x(t) Signal 2
4
its even part xe(t) for t 0 only; that is x(t) & xe(t)
1
for t < 0 are not given. Complete the plots of x(t) 7 t
t -5 -2 -2 2 5
& x0(t). –2 2
xe(t) x(t) Signal 3
x(t) 2
2 1
2 2 t
5
t
0 1 0 2 t
Classification of systems
10. Determine which of the following signals are
periodic, if periodic find the fundamental 12. Determine which of the following systems is
period ? linear?
(a) x(t) = cos(18t) + sin (12t) (a) y(t) = x(t) x(t – 2)
(b) x(t) = sin (2t/3)cos(4t/5) (b) y(t) = sin{x(t)}
(c) x(t) = cos 3t + sin 5t (c) y (t)
d
(x (t))
dt
(d) x(t) = jej10t (d) y(t) = 2x(t) + 3
(e) x(t) = cos(5t)u(t) t
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
19 Introduction
x2(t) x3(t)
17. Find whether the following systems are linear,
1 2 T.I. and dynamic
1
0
2 4 t (a)
2tdy (t)
4y (t) 2tx (t)
dt
-1- -1 0 1 2 t
d2 y (t)
(b) 4y (t) 2x (t)
dt2
15. Check whether the following systems are d2 y (t) 2dy (t) 3d
(c) 4 y (t) x (t)
causal (or) non causal? dt2 dt dt
dy (t) 2
(a) y(t) = (2t + 3) x(t) (d) ; E 2t y (t)
4dx (t)
dt dt
(b) y(t) = x2(t)
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
20 Systems & Signal Processing
18. Match the following 21. Consider the feedback system shown in figure,
List I (System) assume that y[n] = 0 for n < 0
(a) y(n+2)+ y(n+1) + y(n) = 2x(n+1) + x(n)
(b) n2y2(n) + y(n) = x2(n) x(n) y(n)
(c) y(n + 1) + ny(n) = 4nx(n) + Unit delay
+_
(d) y(n + 1)y(n) = 4 x(n)
20. Determine which of the following systems are 23. Statement (I): The discrete time system
invertible? described by y[n] = 2 x[n] + 4 x[n 1] is unstable,
(a) y(t) = x2(t) (here y[n] is the output and x[n] the input)
(b) y(t) = x(t)
Statement (II): It has an impulse response with
(c) y(t) = x(t – 3)
a finite number of non-zero samples.
d
(d) y (t) dt
x (t)
(e) y(n) = x[n]x[n – 1] 24. Statement (I): A memory less system is causal
(f) y(n) = nx(n) Statement (II): A system is causal if the output
(g) y(n) = x[n] – x[n – 1] at any time depends only on values of input at
n
(h) y (n) / x [k] that time and in the past.
k =- 3
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
23 Introduction
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
34 Systems & Signal Processing
t
0 1 2 6
1 1 A
(d) )
1 t2 1 t2 1 0.25t2
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
35 LTI (LSI) Systems
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 0.5 (d) – 1 18. Two discrete -time signals x[n] and h[n] are
both non-zero only for n = 0,1,2, and are zero
13. Given x (t) 5rect b 2 l and h (t) = / 2(t 2k)
3
t otherwise. It is given that x[0] = 1, x[1] = 2,
then x (t) ) h (t) is
k =-3
x[2]=1, h[0] = 1, Let y[n] be the linear
(a) 10 t convolution of x[n] and h[n]. Given that
3
y[1] = 3 and y[2] = 4, the value of the expression
(b) / 5rect c t 2 m
k =3
2 (10y[3] + y[4]) is _______
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
36 Systems & Signal Processing
h1(n) = EG(n – 1) 26. Find the step response of the system if the
impulse response is h(n) = (0.5)n u(n)
(a) Find I.R. of overall system.
(b) Is this system causal ? Under 27. An LTI system with Input u(n) produces the
What condition the system is stable. output as (n), then find the output due to
the input nu(n)?
22. Consider a D.T system ‘s1’, with I.R
h(n) = (1/5)nu(n) 28. If step responses of 2 L.T.I systems are s1(t) &
(a) Find ‘A’ such that h(n) – Ah(n–1) = (n)
s2(t) respectively, how the cascaded step
(b) Using result from part (a), determine the I.R
response sc(t) is related interms of s1(t) &
g(n) of an LTI system s2 which is inverse of s1
s2(t)?
23. For the interconnected system shown in Fig.
find the overall impulse response.
x(n) y(n)
y1[n] = x(n) – ½ x(n-1) h2 [n] = (½ )n u[n]
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
38 Systems & Signal Processing
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
50 Systems & Signal Processing
+V
01. A periodic signal is given by
x(t) = 3 sin (4t + 30o) – 4 cos (12t – 60o).
Find the amplitude of second harmonic? -2S - S 0 S 2S t
(T) m(t)
2
(a) DC and cosine terms
(b) DC and sine terms 1
(c) Cosine & sine terms t
–2 –1 1 2 4
(d) None of these –1
–2
(Q)
(a) DC, Cosine and Sine terms
f(t)
(b) DC, Cosine terms with even harmonics
V (c) DC, Cosine terms with odd harmonics
(d) None of these
-S 0 S 2S 3S t
-V 04. Consider the signal
x(t) = 10cos(10t + /7) + 4sin(30t + /8).
(a) Sine and Cosine terms It’s power lying within the frequency band
(b) Only odd harmonics 10 Hz to 20 Hz is ____
(c) Sine terms with odd harmonics (a) 4W (b) 8W
(d) DC and Sine terms (c) 50W (d) 58W
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
51 Fourier Series
05. Consider the trigonometric series, which holds 09. f(t), shown in figure is represented by
3
truet, given by f (t) = a 0 + / an Cosnt + bn Sinnt
x(t) = sin0 t + 1/3 sin 30t + 1/5 sin 50t n=1
The value of a0 is
+ 1/7 sin 70 t + - - - - - - - - - -
f(t)
At 0t = /2 the series converges to
(a) 0.5 1.5
(b) /4 +1
(c) /2 –S 0 S 2S 3S t
(d) 2
-1.5
06. x(t) is a real valued function of a real variable (a) 0 (b) /2
with period T. Its trigonometric. Fourier Series (c) (d) 2
expansion contains no terms of frequency
= 2(2k)/T; k = 1, 2….……. Also, no sine terms are
10. A periodic rectangular signal x(t) has the
present. Then x(t) satisfies the equation
(a) x(t) = –x(t – T) waveform shown in fig frequency of the fifth
(b) x(t) = x(T – t) = –x(–t) harmonic of its spectrum is
(c) x(t) = x(T – t) = –x(t –T/2)
(d) x(t) = x(t – T) = x(t – T/2) x(t)
x(t)
3
3
1
– 6 – 4 – 3– 2 0 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 t
t 0 3 4 5
1
(a) 5/6
(a) cosine terms of odd harmonics
(b) 1
(b) sine terms of odd harmonics
(c) 5
(c) sine terms of even harmonics
(d) 6
(d) cosine terms of even harmonics
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
52 Systems & Signal Processing
12. The rms value of the periodic waveform shown Exponential F.S
in figure is
16. For the periodic signal
6A
x (t) = 2 + cos : 3 D + 4 sin : 3 D
2rt 5rt
1
13. A half - wave rectified sinusoidal waveform has
a peak voltage of 10 V. Its average value and
the peak value of the fundamental component
are respectively given by : 1 0 1 2 t
20 10 10 10
(a) r V, 2 V (b) r V, 2 V 18. The F.S. coefficient of the signal x(t) shown in
fig (a) are C0 = 1/, C1 = –j0.25, Cn = 1/(1 – n2)
10 20
(c) r V, 5V (d) r V, 5V (n even). Find F.S. coefficients of y(t), f(t) and
g(t)?
14. A periodic signal with period T = 2 is defined as
x(t)
t, 0 # t # 1
x (t) = ) 1
2 t, 1 # t # 2
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 t t
-1 0 1 2
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
53 Fourier Series
19. Let x(t) be a periodic signal with period T and 22. One period (0, T) of 2 periodic waveforms
F.S coefficient Cn w1 & w2 are shown in Fig. then Fourier series
Let y(t) = x(t–t0) + x(t + t0). The F.S. coefficient of Coefficient are respectively proportional to
____
y(t) is dn.
w1 1 w2
If dn= 0 odd n then t0 can be 1
(a) T/8 (b) T/4
(c)T/2 (d) 2T t
0 T/2 T t 0 T/2 T
321 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 f(Hz)
–300
1 –600
Fig. –900
Which one of the following statement is TRUE? 24. (a) Find the power up to second harmonic for
the periodic signal shown in figure?
(a) ak = 0, for k odd integer and T = 3
(b) ak = 0, for k even integer and T = 3
(c) ak = 0, for k even integer and T = 6 1
(d) ak = 0, for k odd integer and T = 6
–1 0 1 2 3 t
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
54 Systems & Signal Processing
x(t)
0 2 n
+1 4 3 2 1 1 3 4
S/4
–4 0 4 8 t S/2
25. The F.S Coefficients, of a periodic signal x(t) is 27. Match the following
3
expressed as x (t) = / Cn e jn~ t 0
are given by
n =-3
List – I (Periodic function)
C–2 = 2– j1; C–1= 0.5 + j0.2; C0 = j2;
C1 = 0.5 – j0.2; C2 = 2 + j1;
A. Impulse train
Cn = 0 for |n| >2.
Which of the following is TRUE?
(a) x(t) has finite energy because only finitely
many coefficients are non zero -T 0 t
-2T T
(b) x(t) has zero average value because it is
periodic
B. Full-wave rectified sine wave
(c) the imaginary part of x(t) is constant
(d) the real part of x(t) is even.
C. 2sin(2t/6) cos(4t/6)
-1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 n
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
55 Fourier Series
sin Zt 5 cos (Zt + 30q) 07. Ans: (a) 08. Ans: (a)
S1
09. Ans: (a) 10. Ans: (d)
(1/4) sin10t cos (5t)
S2 11. Ans: (b) 13. Ans: (c)
1
11. The F.T of a triangular pulse f(t) shown in
t e j~ je j~ 1
-2 -1 0 1 2 figure is F() = using this find the
2
F.T of the signals shown in figure?
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
75 Fourier Transform
1
(a) ej6fX(f ) – ej4fX(–f )
(b) [ej6f – ej4f]X(f) -3 -1 1 3 f
0
(c) [ej6f – ej4f]X(–f )
(d) ej6f X(–f ) – ej4 f X(f ) (c)
4
f
-3 3
0
(d) None of these
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
76 Systems & Signal Processing
y3(t) Sin St
Time & Frequency Differentiation (c) (d) y4(t)
1
t 1
Z 0 4 2 1 0 2 t
-1 0 1
1
-j ʌ
y9(t)
21. Find the F.T. of te - t ,hence find the transform (i) (j)
1
4t
of y10(t)
(1 + t2) 2
1
22. Given x(t)X(), express the F.T. of the following
signals in terms of X() ? t
2 2 t 2 1 0 1 2
(i) x1(t) = x(2 – t) + x(– t – 2 ) 0
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
77 Fourier Transform
Convolution (a) e - rf
2
(b) e - rf /2
2
to g(t). If g(t) applied as input to h(t), then Find c, such that energy in the output is half
the Fourier transform of the output is that of Input energy?
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
78 Systems & Signal Processing
35. Find the value of the integral (a) 4 cos 10t + sin 26t
+3
2a
36. For the signal g (t) = a2 + t2 , determine the (d) 8 cos (10t – /2) + sin (26t – /2)
essential B.W. B Hz of g(t) such that the energy
contained in the spectral components of g(t) of
frequencies below B Hz is 99% of signal energy 39. For a linear phase channel, what is tp & tg?
in g(t)?
40. The system under consideration is an RC LPF
37. The magnitude of the Fourier transform of a
with R = 1 k & C = 1 μF
signal x(t) is shown in figure.
The energy of the signal is i) Let H(f) denote the frequency response of RC
|X(f)| LPF. Let f1 be the highest frequency component
10-6 H (f1)
such that 0≤|f|≤f1, $ 0.95
H (0)
then f1 (in Hz) is _____
(a) 327.8
4 4
-10 0 10 f(Hz) (b) 163.9
(c) 52.2
(a) 32 # 10-8 (b) 32 # 10-8
(d) 104.4
(c) 13 # 10-8 (d) 1010
(ii) Let tg(f) denote the group delay of RC LPF and
f2 = 100 Hz, then tg(f2 ) in msec, is ____
Distortionless Transmission (a) 0.717
38. Consider a transmission system H() with (b) 7.17
magnitude and phase response as shown (c) 71.7
in figure. If an input signal
(d) 4.505
x(t) = 2Cos 10t + Sin 26πt is given to the system
the output will be ________
|H(Z)| 41. The input to a channel is a bandpass signal. It
2
is obtained by linearly modulating a sinusoidal
carrier with a single-tone signal. The output of
1
the channel due to this input is given by
1
- 40S 20S 20S 40S Z (rad/sec) y (t) = cos (100t 10 -6) cos (106 t 1.56)
100
The group delay (tg) & the phase delay (tp) in
1
y3 (t) = cos b 20t 10 l + 2 cos b 220t 2 l
r r
x3(t)=cos20t+cos220t
0 20 30 50 f, kHz Correlation
Arg H(f)
f 45. Find the auto correlation and power in the
signal x(t) = 6 cos(6t + /3)
-900
46. Find the ACF of x(t) = e3t u(t)
1
47. Consider a filter with H () = and input
43. Consider an LTI system with magnitude 1 + j
x(t) = e2t u(t)
response
]Z] (a) Find the ESD of the output?
] f
H (f) ][1 20 , f # 20
(b) Show that total energy in the output is
]] 0, f 20
one-third of the input energy?
and phase \ response Arg[H(f)] = –2f.
If the input to the system is 48. Let g(t) = exp(–8t)u(t)
x (t) 8 cos b 20t 4 l 16 sin b 40t 8 l 24 cos b 80t 16 l Define x(t) = convolution of g(t) with it self and
Then the average power of the output signal y() = correlation of g(t) with it self
y(t) is ______ i) The value of x(t) at t = 1/16 is
1 1
(a) (b)
44. An analog filter has the magnitude and phase ^8 e h ^16 e h
characteristics shown in figure. If the following (c)
1
(d) 1/(16e)
Inputs are applied to this filter, we got the ^ eh
following steady-state outputs. Tell what kind ii) The energy density spectrum at f = 0 is
of distortion has occurred? (a) 8 (b) 1/8
|H(Z)| (c) 1/64 (d) 64
2
iii) y() value at = 0, is
1 1
1 (a) (b)
8 16
Z 1
200 0 200
(c) (d) 16
4
H(Z)
49. Find the C.C.F of x(t) = etu(t) and
S
y(t) = e3tu(t) ?
2
53. Two signals x1(t) & x2(t) are band limited to 2 kHz
& 3 kHz respectively, find the Nyquist rate of the f
following signals?
(b)
(a) x1(2t)
(b) x2(t – 3)
(c) x1(t) + x2(t)
(d) x1(t)x2(t)
f
(e) x1(t) x2(t)
(f) x1(t) cos(1000t) (c)
(b) c me
sin (rt/5) -j r4
60. r t/ 5
(i) The output y(t) of the following system is to be (c) 2 c m ej 4
sin (rt/5) r
r t/ 5
sampled, so as to reconstruct it from its samples
(d) 2 c me
uniquely. The required minimum sampling sin (rt/5) -j r4
r t/ 5
rate is
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
82 Systems & Signal Processing
Hilbert
4sinc(2t) y(t)
Transform
sin (x)
Here sin c (x) x . The 3
value (accurate to
two decimal places) of # y (t) 2 dt is __________
-3
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
83 Fourier Transform
a
32. Ans: r
2.302
36. Ans: B = a rad/ sec
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
90 Systems & Signal Processing
10
01. Find the L.T. of the following signals with R.O.C?
1. x1(t) = et u(t) + e3t u(t)
2. x2(t) = e2t u(t) + e4t u(t)
3. x3(t) = et u(t) + e5t u(t) 0 2 4 t(secs)
-5
4. x4(t) = 1 t
5. x5(t) = sgn(t)
6. x6(t) = e|t|
07. L.T. of the waveform shown in fig is
1^
1 + Ae -s + Be -4s + Ce -6s + De -8sh then D is
02. Consider the signal x(t) = e–5tu(t) + e–tu(t) & its L.T. s2
is X(s). What are the constraints placed on the ______
real & imaginary parts of if the R.O.C of X(s) is
Re{s} > 3 ? 1
jZ -1
Fig.
V
-3 -1 1 2 (a) –0.5 (b) –1.5
(c) 0.5 (d) 2
Fig
08. Let x(t) be a signal that has a rational L.T. with
Time shifting and shift in S - domain exactly 2 poles located at s = 1 and s = 3.
If g(t) = e2tx(t) and G() converges, determine
04. Find the I.L.T. of
e -3s whether g(t) is
Y (s) = , > 1
(s + 1) (s + 2) (a) Left-sided
(b) right-sided
05. Consider the signal x(t) = e5tu(t1) with L.T. X(s)
(c) two-sided
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
91 Laplace Transform
h(t)= u(t). The output is If G(s) is the Laplace transform of g(t), then the
(a) [1 – exp(–2t)]u(t) + u(t + 6) number of poles of G(s) is _______.
(b) [1 – exp(–2t)]u(t) + u(t – 6)
(c) 0.5[1 – exp(–2t)] u(t) + u(t + 6) Unilateral L.T
(d) 0.5[1 – exp(–2t)] u(t) + u(t – 6)
20. A system described by a linear, constant
16. Consider an LTI system with impulse response coefficient, ordinary, first order differential
h(t) = e5t u(t). If the output of the system is equation has an exact solution given by y(t) for
y(t) = etu(t) e5t u(t) then the input, x(t), is given t > 0, when the forcing function is x(t) and the
by initial condition is y(0). If one wishes to modify
(a) e3t u(t) (b) 2e3t u(t) the system so that solution becomes –2y(t) for
(c) e5t u(t) (d) 2e5t u(t) t > 0, we need to
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
92 Systems & Signal Processing
24. An LTI system is having transfer function (a) Find T.F & R.O.C.?
s2 + 1 (b) Find the output if the input is
2 and input x(t) = sin(t+1) is in steady
s + 2s + 1
state. The output is sampled at s rad/sec to x(t) = e3t t using part (a)?
obtain final output {y(k)} which of the following
is true? 28. Consider an LTI system with input x(t) and
(a) y(•) = 0 for all s output y(t) related as
(b) y(•) 0 for all s dy (t) d2 x (t) dx (t)
+ 3y (t) = + dt 2x (t)
(c) y(•) 0 for s > 2 but zero for s < 2
dt dt2
Find the T.F. of inverse system. Does a stable &
(d) y(•) = 0 for s >2 but nonzero for s < 2
Causal inverse system exist?
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
93 Laplace Transform
30. The output of a causal all-pass system is 12. Ans: y(t) = (t)
y(t) = e2tu(t), for which the system function is
s1 e -5s
H (s) = s + 1 . Then the corresponding stable 13. Ans: Y (s) = 2 < < 3
(s + 2) (3 s)
input signal is
1 -t 3
2 1 14. Ans: h (t) = e u (t) e -3t u (t)
(a) e t u ( t) e -2t u (t) 2 2
3 3
2 1
(b) e t u (t) + e -2t u (t) 15. Ans: (d) 17. Ans: (b)
3 3
1 2
(c) e -2t u (t) e t u ( t)
3 3 22. Ans: h(t) = 4e2tu(t) + 12e4tu(t)
1 2
(d) e t u ( t) e -2t u (t)
3 3
23. Ans: y(t) = 2.8288 cos(2t + 45)
e - (s + 5)
05. Ans: s + 5 , > 5
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
101 DTFT
03. (i) Find the inverse DTFT of 07. Given the signal x (n) = %1, 2, 3- , 2, 1, 0 / .
X(ej) = 1 + 2 cos + 3 cos2 Then Fourier transform of x[2n] is
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
102 Systems & Signal Processing
12. For each of the following pair of signals 18. The impulse response of a causal linear phase
determine whether or not the system is LTI if discrete time system of five samples is given
such system exists find the frequency response by h(0) = 2, h(1)= 3, h(2) = 0, h(3) = 3 and
(a) x1 (n) b 2 l u (n), y1 (n) b 4 l u (n)
1 n 1 n h(4)= k. The value of k and slope of the phase
curve are respectively
(b) x2 (n) e jnr/4, y2 (n) 0.5e jnr/4
(a) 2, –2 (b) –2, –2
sin (nS/4) sin (nS/2) (c) 0, 2 (d) –3, 2
(c) x3 (n) nS , y3 (n) nS
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
103 DTFT
21. Let h[n] be the impulse response of a discrete- 25. Given h(n) = [1, 2, 2], f(n) is obtained by
time linear time invariant (LTI) filter. The impulse convolving h(n) with itself and g(n) by
response is given by h (0) = ; h 51? = ;
1 1
3 3 correlating h(n) with itself. Which one of the
h 52? = ; and h[n] = 0 for n < 0 and n > 2.
1
3 following statements is TRUE?
Let H () be the Discrete-Time Fourier transform
(DTFT) of h[n], where is the normalized angular (a) f(n) is causal and its maximum value is 9
frequency in radians. Given that H(0)= 0 and (b) f(n) is non-causal
0 < 0 < , the value of 0 (in radians) is equal to (c) g(n) is causal and its maximum value is 9
______. (d) g(n) is non causal and maximum value is 9
x(n)
27. The sequence x 5n? = cos : 4 D was obtained
rn
2
by sampling a continuous signal, x(t) = cos(0t)
1
at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The two possible
values of 0 that have resulted in the sequence
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 n x[n] are respectively
6 7
-1 (a) 250 and 2250
(b) 125 and 2250
Fig. (c) 250 and 1125
(d) 125 and 1125
(a) X(ej0) (b) X(ej)
r r
(c) # X (e j~
) dZ (d) # X (e j~) e j2~ dZ A continuous time signal x(t) is sampled at
-r -r
fs = 9kHz is passed through a digital filter with
r
r
filter?
2
d
(f) # dZ
X (e j~) dZ
-r
(g) X (e j~)
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
104 Systems & Signal Processing
4
02. (a). Ans: 3 (b).Ans: 1
(c). Ans: DC gain = 10, HF gain = 2
sin b 4 l
nr
04. Ans: y (n) = 2 cos b 2 l .
nr
nr
jnr
11. Ans: y (n) = 4e 4
3
13. Ans: DC gain =
1+ 2
14. Ans: b = a
1
23. Ans:
40
S S
26. Ans: fS = 40 kHz, #Z#
4 2
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
114 Systems & Signal Processing
(a) >
01. Let x(n) = (1)n u(n) + n u(nn0). Determine the (b) <
1 z -1
, z >b2l
1
02. Find the ROC of the following signals without X (z) =
1 b 4 lz
1 -2
finding Z.T.
The value of x(n) at n = 2 is given by
(a) x1 (n) = %1, 2, 3- , 1 /
1
(a)
(b) x2(n) = (1/2)n[u(n) u(n10)] 2
1
(b)
(c) x3(n) = {(1/2)n + (3/4)n}u(n10) 2
1
(c)
(d) x4 5n? = (1 3) n (1 2) n u 5n? 4
1
(d)
4
(a) |a| < |b2| z = ej/2 and there are 2 zeros at the origin.
(b)|a| > |b | 2
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
115 Z - Transform
z3 2z
12. Given X ] z g and x(n) is left-sided, find
z2
(d) y4[n] Y4(z) = 2z4 + 3z2 + 1
x(n)?
0.5
Re(z)
–0.5 0.5 Convolution
0.5
x2(n) = (1/3)nu(n)
11. Consider the signal
Find Y(z) with ROC?
1; 0 # n # 5
x (n) = )
0; elsewhere
Let g(n) = x(n) x(n1). Find G(z) with ROC?
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
116 Systems & Signal Processing
17. Find the response of the system Initial & final value
y(n) = 5/6 y(n1) 1/6 y(n2) + x(n) to the Input
signal, x(n) = (n) 1/3(n1)
0.5
23. Given X (z) = . It is given that the ROC
18. G(z) = z-1 + z-3 represents a digital LPF with 1 2z -1
linear phase if and only if of X(z) includes the unit circle. Then x(0) is
(a) = (b) = 1/3 _________
(c) = (d) = 1/3
1; n even
24. Apply F.V.T. for x (n) = ) .
0; n odd
19. A system with T.F. H(Z) has I.R. h(n) defined as
h(2) = 1, h(3) = –1 and h(k) = 0 Assume the signal is Causal?
otherwise, consider the following statements
S1: H(Z) is a LPF 25. A digital filter has an impulse response
S2: H(Z) is a FIR filter G (n) + G (n 1) + G (n 2)
h (n) =
10
(a) only S2 is true (a) How many finite poles & zeros are there
(b) both are false
in its transfer function?
(c) both are true and S2 is the reason for S1
(b) If the excitation is unit step sequence,
(d) both are true but S2 is not a reason for S1
what is final value of output?
20. The following is known about a D.T.L.T.I system
with Input x(n) & output y(n) 26. An input signal x(t) = 2 + 5sin(100t)u(t) is
1. If x(n) = (2)n n, then y(n) = 0n
sampled with a sampling frequency of
2. If x(n) = (1/2)nu(n)n,
400 Hz and applied to the system
then y(n) = (n) + a(1/4)nu(n) n
whose transfer function is represented by
Where ‘a’ is a constant.
1 ;1 z -N E
(a) Find the value of ‘a’ H (z) N 1 z -1 where N represents the
(b) Find the response y(n) if the Input is number of samples per cycle. The output y(n)
x(n) = 1 n. of the system under steady state is ________.
(a) 0 (b) 1
21. Let y(n) denote the convolution of h(n) &
(c) 2 (d) 5
g(n) where h (n) = b 2 l u (n) & g(n) is a causal
1 n
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
117 Z - Transform
Causality & Stability 32. Consider the system with transfer function,
z -1
H (z) = Then the corresponding stable
1 2z -1
28. A casual LTI system is described by the
impulse response is
D.E 2y(n) = y[n–2] – 2x[n] + x[n–1]
The system is stable only if (a) 0.5 (n) 0.5 (2)n u[n 1]
(a) ||= 2, || < 2 (b) ||> 2, || > 2 (b) 2n1 u[n 1]
(c)||< 2, any (d) ||< 2, any (c) 0.5 (n) + 0.5 (2)n1 u[n 1]
(d) 0.5 (n) + 2n u[n 1]
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
118 Systems & Signal Processing
36. Assertion (A): The stability of the system is 41. A direct form implementation of an LTI system
assured if the Region of Convergence (ROC) with H (z) =
1
is shown in fig. the
includes the unit circle in the Z-plane. 1 0.7z -1 + 0.13z -2
Reason (R): For a causal stable system all the values of a0, a1 & a2 are respectively _________
poles should be outside the unit circle in the Input Output
Z-plane.
a0
z1
37. Statement (I): The system function
z3 2z2 z a1
H]zg 1 1 is not causal. z1
z2 z
4 8
Statement (II): If the numerator of H(z) is of a2
lower order than the denominator, the system (a) 1.0, 0.7 and 0.13
may be causal. (b) 0.13, 0.7 and 1.0
(c) 1.0, 0.7 and 0.13
38. Statement (I): (d) 0.13, 0.7 and 1.0
Z-transform approach is used to analyze the
discrete time systems and is also called as pulse 42. In the IIR filter shown below, a is a variable gain.
transfer function approach. For which of the following cases, the system will
Statement (II): transit from stable to unstable condition?
The sampled signal is assumed to be a train of x(n)
impulses whose strengths, or areas, are equal 6
y(n)
to the continuous time signal at the sampling
instants.
a
Realization Structures z -1
Fig.
P + P z -1 + P3 z -3
39. A DF having T.F. H (z) = 0 1 using
1 + d 3 z -3
DFI and DFII realizations of IIR the number (a) 0.1 < a < 0.5
(b) 0.5 < a < 1.5
of delay units required in DFI and DFII are,
(c) 1.5 < a < 2.5
respectively …….
(d) 2 < a <
(a) 6 & 6 (b) 6 & 3
(c) 3 & 3 (d) 3 & 2
43. Consider the causal digital filter structure shown
in fig. For what values of k the system is stable?
40. 2 systems H1(z) & H2(z) are connected in
cascaded as shown below. The overall output
x[n] y[n]
y(n) is the same as the input x(n) with a one + +
unit delay. The transfer function of the second
system H2(z) is
z–1
x(n) y(n)
1 0.4 z 1
H1 ( z ) H2(z) k/3 k/4
1 0.6 z 1
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
119 Z - Transform
z 1 c
b
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
130 Systems & Signal Processing
(c) Will the step response s[n] match the step (a) Use the bilinear transformation to convert
this analog filter H(s) to a digital filter H(z) at
response s(t) of the analog filter at the
a sampling rate of 2 Hz.
sampling instants? Should it? Explain. (b) Use H(s) and the bilinear transformation to
design a digital lowpass filter H(z) whose
1 gain at f = 20 kHz matches the gain of H(s)
02. Consider the analog filter H (s) = .
s+2 at = 3 rad/s. The sampling frequency is
(a) Convert H(s) to a digital filter H(z) using step
80 kHz.
invariance at a sampling frequency of 2Hz.
(b) Will the impulse response h[n] match the s
06. Consider the analog filter H (s) = .
s2 + s + 1
impulse response h(t) of the analog filter at (a) What type of filter does H(s) describe?
the sampling instants? Should it? Explain. (b) Use H(s) and the bilinear transformation
(c) Will the step response s[n] match the step to design a digital filter H(z) operating at
1 kHz such that its gain at f0 = 250 Hz
response s(t) of the analog filter at the
matches the gain of H(s) at a = 1 rad/s.
sampling instants? Should it? Explain.
What type of filter does H(z) describe?
08. An IIR digital lowpass filter is required to meet 13. Find H(z) and H(F) for each sequence and
the following specifications: establish the type of FIR filter it describes by
Passband ripple checking values of H(F) at F = 0 and F = 0.5
(or peak-to-peak ripple): 0.5 dB
(a) h 5n? = %1, 0, 1 /
0
Passband edge: 1.2 kHz
Stopband attenuation: 40 dB (b) h 5n? = %1, 2, 2, 1 /
0
09. Determine the system function H(z) of the sequence of a linear-phase filter are
lowest-order chebyshev digital filter than meets h[n] = {2, –3, 4, 1, ….. }. Determine the complete
the following specifications: sequence (assuming the smallest length for
(a) 1-dB ripple in the pass-band 0 || 0.3 h[n] if the sequence is to be:
(b) At least 60 dB attenuation in the (a) type 1
stop-band 0.35 || . Use the bilinear (b) type 2
transformation.
(c) type 3
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
148 Systems & Signal Processing
11. A signal x(t) is bandlimited to 10 kHz is sampled 16. The four point DFTS of x(n) and y(n) is
with a sampling frequency of 20 kHz. The DFT of X(K) = {22, – 4 + j2, – 6, – 4 – j2} and
N = 1000 samples x(n) is then calculated. Y(K) = {8, – 2 – j2, 0, – 2 + j2}. The circular
(a) What is the spacing between the spectral convolution of x(n) and y(n) is w(n), then w(2)
samples? is
(b) To what analog frequency does the index (a) 38 (b) 30
k = 150 correspond? What about k = 800? (c) 12 (d) 60
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad
150 Systems & Signal Processing
21. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the Using the radix-4 decimation-in-time algorithm
Key for Objective Questions
4-point sequence
x[n] = {x[0], x[2], x[3]} = { 3, 2, 3, 4} is
X[k] = {X[0], X[1], X[2], X[3]} 01. Ans:
= {12,2j, 0, 2j}.
If X1[k] is the DFT of the 12-point sequence 02. Ans: { 6, 2+2j, 2, 2 2j}
x1[n]= {3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0} the value
X1 58? 04. (a). Ans: [4, 3, 6, 5]
of is
X1 511?
(b). Ans: [5, 4,3,6]
22. Assume that a complex multiply takes 1s and (c). Ans: [6, 3,4,5]
that the amount of time to compute a DFT is
determined by the amount of time it takes to 05. Ans: X (5) = 0.125 + j0.0518
perform all of the multiplications. X(6) = 0, X(7) = 0.125 + j0.3018
(a) How much time does it take to compute a
1024-point DFT directly? 06. Ans: (a)
(b) How much time is required if an FFT is used
09. (i) Ans: X2(k) = (1)kX1(k)
23. Speech data is sampled at a rate of 10 kHz is
to be processed in real time using FFT. Part of (ii) Ans: y(n) = x((n4))6
the computations required involve collecting = {2, 1, 0, 0, 4, 3}
blocks of 1024 speech values and computing
a 1024-point DFT and a 1024 point inverse DFT. 12. Ans: (a)
If it takes 1 s for each real multiply, how much
time remains for processing the data after the 16. Ans: (a)
DFT and inverse DFT are computed?
ACE Engineering Publications Hyderabad Delhi Pune Bengaluru Lucknow Chennai Vijayawada Vizag Tirupati Kolkata Ahmedabad