Science10 Q3 Mod3 v2

Science 10
Quarter 3 – Module 3
The Nervous System
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: The Nervous System
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

Schools Division Superintendent: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Development Team of the Module
Author/s : Jine Melody S. Parista, PhD

Content Editor : Mark Windel R. Doño
Language Editor : Marria Luisa M. Casiño
Reviewers : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD, Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD
Illustrator and Layout Artist : Silverio B. Balanay Jr.
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Chairperson : Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons : Victor G. De Gracia Jr., PhD, CESO V
Assistant Regional Director
: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Schools Division Superintendent
: Shambaeh A. Abantas-Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
: Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

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10
Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3
Nervous System
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson 1 - Parts and Functions of the Nervous System

What I Need to Know 1
What I Know 2
What’s In 3
What’s New 3
What Is It 4
What’s More 6
What I Have Learned 8
What I Can Do 8
Assessment 9
Additional Activities 10
Lesson 2 - Pathway of the Nervous System
What I Know 11
What’s In 13
What’s New 13
What Is It 14
What’s More 16
What I Can Do 18
Assessment 18
Lesson 3 - Nervous System Diseases
What I Know 21
What’s In 23
What’s New 23
What Is It 23
What’s More 26
What I Can Do 27
Assessment 28
Assessment (Post - Test) 30

Answer Key 32
References 35
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT
Introductory Message:
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The Nervous
System.
To the Teachers:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
schools to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards set
by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress and allow them to manage their own learning for
optimal development and understanding. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this module.
To the Parents:
This module was designed to provide your children with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at their own pace and time.
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a great factor
to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents, you are expected to
monitor your children’s progress as they accomplish the tasks presented in this module and
ensure that they will practice learning independently.
To the Learners:
This learning resource hopes to engage you into guided and independent learning activities at
your own pace and time. In other words, your success in completing this module lies in your
own hands. You are capable and empowered to achieve the competencies and skills
presented in this material if you will only learn, create and accomplish to the best of your
ability.
Be rest assured that this material is entirely learner-friendly for this aims to help you acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration your needs and circumstances.
It is our objective, therefore, that you will have fun while going through this module. Take
charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets and
objectives set in here which are intended for your ultimate development as a learner and as a
person.
- From the Science 10 Module Development Team

How to Learn from This Module
To achieve the objectives set in this module, you, the learners, are to do the following:
• Take time in reading the lessons thoroughly;

 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises carefully; and
• Answer all the given tests diligently.
Icons Used in This Module

This module contains the following parts and their corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This gives you an idea on what skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in each
lesson.
What I Know It includes an activity that aims to check your

prior knowledge on the lesson you are about to
take. If you get all the answers correctly (100%),
you may decide to skip the lesson.
What’s In This serves as a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with that to the previous
one.
What’s New It offers a new lesson by introducing it

interestingly through a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
What Is It This provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

This aims to help you discover and understand
new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key found at the end
of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
what you have learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do It delivers an activity which will help you transfer
your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This aims to evaluate your level of mastery in

achieving the learning competencies.
Additional Activities This enriches your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned. It also tends to the retention of
the learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains all of the answers to all activities

and exercises presented in this module.
At the end of this module, you will also find:
References This shows the list of all sources used in

developing this module.
Guidelines and Reminders

Before using this module, please take time to read the following guidelines and reminders:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer the What I Know section before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and be able to
gain a deeper understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Parts and Functions
Lesson
of the Nervous
1 System
What I Need to Know
This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nervous system. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. Furthermore, the lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. describe the parts and functions of the nervous system;
2. create a concept map of the nervous system; and
3. cite ways on how to care for the nervous system.
Good day, young

scientist! Let’s
have our journey
to the Nervous
System!
1
What I Know
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer.
1. Name the main control system of the body.

A. brain C. neurotransmitter
B. neurons D. spinal cord
2. Select which of the following is the center of intelligence and thinking.
A. cerebellum C. medulla oblongata
B. cerebrum D. pons
3. Describe the function of the thalamus.
A. It functions to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebrum.
B. It is the main control system of the body.
C. It is the center of intelligence and thinking.
D. It is responsible for emotions.
4. Predict the part that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
A. amygdala B. hippocampus C. hypothalamus D. thalamus
5. Determine what controls the emotions such as fear and aggression.
A. amygdala B. hippocampus C. hypothalamus D. thalamus
6. Infer which is responsible for memory storage and retrieval.
A. cerebrum C. medulla oblongata
B. hippocampus D. pons
7. Choose which of the following is associated with the regulation and coordination of
movement, posture and balance.
A. brain stem B. cerebrum C. cerebellum D. pons
8. Examine which controls the autonomic functions like breathing, heart and blood
vessel function, and digestion.
B. hypothalamus D. pons
9. Complete this sentence: ___________ carry all impulses throughout the body to
and from the brain.
A. cerebrum C. pons
B. medulla oblongata D. spinal cord
10. Choose from the following which is responsible for voluntary actions.
A. autonomic nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. parasympathetic nervous system
11. Distinguish which of the following is a receptor.
A. bladder B. nose C. heart muscle D. intestine
12. Identify which makes up the brain and the spinal cord.
A. autonomic nervous system C. peripheral nervous system
B. central nervous system D. sensory nervous system
13. Figure out what regulates the involuntary and automatic reactions.
2
14. Classify where the following organs belong to: heart muscles, smooth intestine,
bladder and uterus.
15. Tell which activity is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.
A. a boy running C. a teenager exercising
B. a girl jumping D. a man sleeping
What’s In
Have you ever wondered how our brain works? Or what are its different parts
that enable it to function? How do these parts even work in the human body?
Our brain, a very complex body organ, is the major part of the nervous
system. The nervous system is made up of two main divisions -- the Central
Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS is
composed of the brain and the spinal cord that receives and processes all information
from all parts of the body while the PNS includes the spinal and cranial nerves.
What’s New
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is your body's

decision and communication center. The first
division, the central nervous system (CNS),
consists of the brain and the spinal cord while
the second division, the peripheral nervous
system (PNS), involves all of the nerves.
Together, they control every part of your daily life,
from breathing and blinking to helping you
memorize facts for a test. Nerves reach out from your
brain to your face, ears, eyes, nose, and to the spinal
cord which connects to the rest of the body. Figure 1.1 The brain structure
3
What Is It
MAJOR DIVISIONS AND PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
In this section, the different components that make up the nervous system will
be discussed in more detail.
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The CNS receives and processes all of the information from all parts of the
body. In other words, it controls the entire organ system of the body. The following are
the major parts of the CNS:
A. The Brain
The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It has three main parts:
the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Moreover, it is divided into three main
regions: the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.
Figure 1.2 Parts of the brain
4
Table 1.1 Parts and Functions of the Brain
PART FUNCTION
Forebrain contains the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
and hippocampus
 Cerebrum center of intelligence and thinking; associated with
higher brain functions such as thought and action
○ Frontal Lobe associated with reasoning, planning, parts of
speech, movement, emotions, and problem
solving
○ Parietal Lobe associated with movement, orientation and the
recognition and perception of stimuli
○ Occipital Lobe associated with visual processing
○ Temporal Lobe associated with perception and recognition of
auditory stimuli, memory and speech
 Thalamus relays motor and sensory signal to the cerebrum
 Hypothalamus regulates the sleep-wake cycle
 Amygdala controls emotions such as fear and aggression
 Hippocampus holds memory storage and retrieval
Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain
holds the cerebellum, pons and medulla
Hindbrain
oblongata
 Cerebellum for coordination, movement, posture and balance
 Pons involves motor control and sensory analysis
 Medulla Oblongata controls autonomic functions
B. The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord is about 40-50 cm long. Through it, the brain and the body
becomes interconnected. Composing the nerve tissues of the cord is a gray and white
matter. The spinal cord transmits impulses all over the body to and from the brain. It is
also responsible for involuntary movements.
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The PNS contains all the nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord. It carries
impulses from the sensory nerves to the CNS and from the CNS to the motor nerves.
The PNS is further divided into two more divisions – the somatic and autonomic
nervous systems.
a. The Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
The SNS regulates the activities that are under conscious control. It includes all
the nerves controlling the muscular system and external sensory receptors.
5
Specifically, these receptors refer to the external sense organs – the eyes, ears,
nose, skin, and tongue.
b. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
This is a part of the PNS which includes the motor neurons that control the
internal organs. This means that the ANS regulates all activities that are considered as
involuntary or those reflexes that are done without conscious will. Some of its
functions include controlling the muscles in the heart and the smooth muscles in the
internal organs such as the intestines, bladder and the uterus.
The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems.
1. Sympathetic - It is known as the “fight or flight response” which controls the

internal functions of the body in times of stress. In addition, it is responsible
for the acceleration of heart rate, the constriction of blood vessels and the
rise of blood pressure.
Example:
2. Parasympathetic – It is known as the “rest and digest” which is the

opposite of the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the internal
functions at rest. Thus, it slows down the heart rate and increases the
intestinal and gland activities.
Example:
What’s More
ACTIVITY 1: PERFECT MATCH!
Instruction: Match the function in column A with the appropriate structure in column B.
Write the letter only of your answer on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point
each)
6
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. center of emotion a. amygdala
_____2. relays sensory and motor signals b. brain stem
_____3. little brain c. cerebellum
_____4. for motor and sensory analysis d. cerebrum
_____5. connects the forebrain and midbrain e. frontal lobe
_____6. center of intelligence f. hindbrain
_____7. pons, medulla and midbrain g. hippocampus
_____8. regulates the sleep-wake cycle h. hypothalamus
_____9. controls autonomic actions i. medulla
_____10. gray and white matter j. midbrain
_____11. for memory and message retrieval k. occipital lobe
_____12. holds the cerebellum, pons l. pons
and medulla oblongata
_____13. associated with reasoning and m. spinal cord
problem solving
_____14. associated with visual processing n. temporal Lobe
_____15. associated with perception o. thalamus
ACTIVITY 2: CREATE ME!

Instruction: Create a concept map of the nervous system. Write your answers on
an extra sheet of paper.
7
What I Have Learned
Instruction: Complete the following paragraph using the important terms you
have learned in this lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity. (1 point
each)
The nervous system has two main divisions: 1. _____________________ and
2. _____________________. The CNS is composed of the 3. ______________and
the 4. _____________________that receives and processes all information from all
parts of the body. On the other hand, the PNS is composed of 5.
____________________connected to the brain and spinal cord. The 6.
_____________________is the control center of the nervous system. It has three
main parts: 7. ______________8. ______________ and 9. _________________. It is
also divided into its three main regions: 10. ____________11. ____________ and 12.
_________________. The peripheral nervous system has two divisions the 13.
______________ and autonomic nervous system that is further divided into the 14.
____________ and 15. _________________.
What I Can Do
Instruction: Using any android or smart phone, take 15 pictures of activities that
help to take care of your nervous system. You can post them on your
Facebook account or simply paste them on a separate sheet of paper.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
8
Assessment
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Tell which activity activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

A. a boy dancing C. a teenager having her Zumba
B. a girl hopping D. a man relaxing
2. Classify the following organs: eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue.
3. Figure out what is responsible for involuntary movements.
A. autonomic nervous system C. parasympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system
4. Identify which makes up the nerve cells.
5. Choose which is accountable for voluntary actions.
A. autonomic nervous system C. somatic nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system
and from the brain.
A. cerebrum C. pons
7. Choose which of the following is associated with balance.
8. Examine which controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart and blood vessel
function, and digestion.
B. hypothalamus D. pons
9. Infer which is responsible for memory retention.
10. Determine what controls emotions such as crying.
A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. hippocampus D. thalamus
11. Distinguish which of the following is a receptor.
A. bladder B. nose C. heart muscle D. intestine
12. Predict what regulates the sleeping cycle.
A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. hippocampus D. thalamus
13. Describe the role of the thalamus.
D. It is responsible for emotions.
9
14. Select which of the following works for intelligence and thinking.
B. cerebrum D. pons
15. Name the central control system of the body.
A. brain C. neurotransmitter
B. neurons D. spinal cord
Additional Activities
Instruction: Create a music video, song, or poem to illustrate both of the cited
content below.
 Give the two main divisions of the nervous system; the main parts of CNS and
PNS; and the two divisions of PNS and its two further subcategory.
 The main functions of CNS and PNS.
Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor Score

5 4 3 0
Content Gives the two Gives the two Gives two No
main divisions of main divisions of main Product
the nervous the nervous divisions of
system, the main system, the main nervous
parts of CNS and parts of CNS system, the
PNS, the two and PNS, the main parts of
divisions of the two divisions of CNS and
PNS, the two the PNS and two PNS and the
subdivisions of subdivisions of two divisions
PNS and PNS of the PNS
mentions the
main function of
the CNS and
PNS
Creativity All parts of the Some parts of All parts of No

video, song, video, song, the video, product
poem or poem or song, poem
illustration are illustration are or illustration
original not original are not
original
Time Able to finish One day late 2 or more No
Management before or on the days late product
deadline
10
Lesson The Pathway of the
2 Nervous System
What I Need to Know
Welcome to a chapter wherein the different components of the nervous

system’s pathway will be discussed.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the parts and functions of a neuron;
2. discuss the role of sensory and motor neurons in the nervous system;
3. illustrate the pathway and function of the sensory and motor neurons; and
4. infer the importance of the nervous system as the control system of the body.
Hi there, young Science

enthusiast! Are you ready
for a new day of
adventure to our nervous
system? Ready, get set,
go!
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the other name for a nerve cell?

A. axon B. dendrite C. nerve body D. neuron
11
2. Select which part of the nerve cell contains the nucleus.
A. axon B. cell body C. dendrite D. myelin sheath
3. Describe a synapse.
A. It carries messages to the cell body.
B. It carries messages away from the cell body.
C. It is a gap between the axon and the dendrites of another neuron.
D. It is a gap between the axon and the axon terminal of another neuron.
4. Comparing a neuron to a computer, what part could the neuron be?
A. CPU B. keyboard C. monitor D. mouse
5. Determine which of the following neurons is sensitive to pain.
A. chemo receptors C. nociceptors
B. mechanoreceptor D. thermoreceptors
6. Infer which of the following carries messages away from the cell.
7. Choose which among the following uses photoreceptors.
A. ears B. eyes C. nose D. skin
8. Examine which situation uses olfactory receptors.
A. a boy eating an ice cream C. a girl calling her friend
B. a girl playing with her doll D. a mother frying an egg
9. Complete this statement: Ears are to mechanoreceptors while the nose is to
________.
A. chemoreceptor C. olfactory receptors
B. photoreceptor D. thermoreceptors
10. Choose which of the following parts receives and carries information.
A. axon B. dendrite C. nerve body D. neuron
11. Figure out which of the following sends information to the brain through a chemical
reaction.
A. action potential B. nerve impulse C. stimulus D. response
12. Differentiate photoreceptors from mechanoreceptors.
A. Photoreceptors are for the eyes while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
B. Photoreceptors are for the eyes while mechanoreceptors are for the nose.
C. Photoreceptors are for the pain while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
D. Photoreceptors are for the taste while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
13. Identify which part of the nerve cell carries the message away from the cell body.
A. axon B. axon terminal C. dendrite D. myelin sheath
14. Classify the following receptors: muscles and glands.
A. affector B. associative C. effector D. sensory
15. Tell what will happen if balance and coordination among the different organs of the
body is achieved.
A. disease B. disorder C. epistasis D. homeostasis
12
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned about the parts and functions of the
Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). However,
have you ever given a thought on how a message is transported from the brain to the
different parts of the body?
Today, we are going to go deeper to discover how a message is passed from a
stimulus to get a response. As you have just learned, the nervous system is
connected to the different organs of the body and the senses. These organs are
composed of different receptors: for the eyes, photoreceptors; for the ears,
mechanoreceptors; for the tongue, chemoreceptors; for the nose, olfactory
receptors; for pain, nociceptors; and thermoreceptor for temperature. With these
receptors, the nervous system is able to get all of the information on all happenings
around the body.
What’s New
When playing, studying or working, you take some time to think about how you
are going to respond in these situations. All of these activities are always controlled by
the nervous system. Prepare to discover more about the nervous system as we
continue to journey into your body's decision and communication center.
Figure 2.1 Transfer of information from the stimulus to the brain
13
What Is It
THE NEURONS
The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron or nerve cell which carries
impulses to the nervous system. A neuron is composed of the following parts:
dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, nodes of Ranvier, myelin sheath cells and
the axon terminal.
Figure 2.2 Parts of the nerve cell
A neuron is composed of the cell body which contains the nucleus and is
covered by myelin sheath with an axon terminal at its end. The dendrites receive the
impulses and carry these toward the cell body while the axon carries the impulses
away from the cell body which passes along the different parts of the neuron. Axons
then pass the impulses to the dendrites of the other neurons’ cell body in the muscle
cells. At the end of these dendrites, signals originate as a dendrite is called the
receptor site of neurons.
Classification of Neurons
1. Sensory or affective neurons carry impulses from the sense organs to the
brain and spinal cord.
2. Motor or effective neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to
the muscles.
3. Associative neurons, located in the CNS, analyze and interpret the data or
impulses.
14
How is a message transported?
The stimulus had triggered the information sent to the central nervous system
as the reaction to the stimulus response happened. The five sense organs namely,
the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin collect the information and send it to the brain in
a nerve impulse. A nerve impulse is a wave of a chemical reaction and
electrochemical change. When a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal,
neurotransmitters are released which send the information across the synapse to
stimulate the next neuron. The information transmitted is called action potential.
Meanwhile, reaction time happens in the length of time between the activation of the
stimulus up to its recognition. In order to live day by day, an organism must be able to
respond to these different stimuli.
Figure 2.3 The stimulus response model
As shown in Figure 2.3, once a stimulus is detected through a receptor or a

sense organ (eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue), the sensory neuron carries the
message to the brain from one nerve cell to another. When the message is received
by the brain, it processes the information and orders the effector (muscles or glands)
to respond to the message. To deliver a response, the motor neuron sends a
message away from the brain.
As distinct as these functions are, it is still of high importance that these body
parts function with balance and coordination with one another to attain homeostasis.
What is homeostasis? Read on to learn more about this important body condition.
15
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the condition wherein the human body system is maintained in

balance despite the changing factors outside. The organ system of the body which
includes the cells, tissues and other body parts is responsible in maintaining the
balance inside. This is possible by making the internal environment always in good
condition by keeping things in balance and to make certain adjustments, if needed.
Regulating the internal environment is very important to make the organs function
well. The following components are necessary in maintaining homeostasis:
1. Stimulus – The variable that is being regulated.

2. Sensor – It monitors the value of the variable and sends the message to the
control center.
3. Control Center – It matches the data to the normal values.
4. Effector – The organ, gland, muscle or other body parts that act on the
message from the control center to move back to the set point to regulate
the body.
Let us take your body temperature as an example. The body’s core
temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. When it overheats, like what happens when
exercising, the sensors send a message to the brain to regulate the heat and this is
why you sweat afterward. The sweat sets the body’s temperature back to its regular
level. To maintain the values in normal range, negative feedback happens in a loop
that includes the stimulus, sensor, control center and effector. Negative feedback
loops can control the body temperature and even the glucose level. Positive
feedback, on the other hand, is not so common. This type of feedback serves to
intensify a response until endpoint is reached. Some examples include blood clotting
and childbirth.
When homeostatic mechanism is not in balance, organ failure or diseases
could happen.
What’s More
ACTIVITY 1: NAME ME!

Instruction: Identify the parts and functions of a nerve cell.
16
Give the function of the following parts:
12. Axon 14. Cell Body
13. Dendrites 15. Myelin Sheath
ACTIVITY 2: YOU A-MAZE ME!

Instruction: Trace the pathway on how a message is transported from the stimulus
to the brain. (15 points)
What I Have Learned
Instruction: Complete the following paragraph using the terms that you have learned
in this lesson. Write your answer on another paper. (1 point each)
The basic unit of the nervous system is the 1. _______________or nerve cell.
Neurons carry 2. _______________to the nervous system. A neuron is composed of
the following parts: 3______________, 4. _____________, 5. _______________, 6.
_________________, 7. ______________, 8. _____________and axon terminal.
Neurons are classified as 9. _______________,10. _____________, 11.
____________. The stimulus triggers the information sent to the central nervous
system as the reaction to the stimulus 12. _______________happened. The five
senses collect the information and send it to the brain in a 13. _______________.
When a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal, 14. _______________ are released
which sends information across the 15. _______________ to stimulate the next
neuron. An organism must respond to a stimulus in order to survive daily.
17
What I Can Do
Instruction: Cite three (3) situations or experiences which show that your nervous
system is working well. You can draw, take pictures or create a video. (5
points each)
Assessment
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Tell what will happen if there is balance and harmony among the organ systems.
A. disease C. epistasis
B. disorder D. homeostasis
2. Classify the following parts of the body: muscles and glands.
A. effector C. stimuli
B. neurons D. receptors
3. Identify which part of the neuron sends information away from the cell body.
A. axon C. dendrite
B. axon terminal D. myelin sheath
4. Differentiate photoreceptors from mechanoreceptors.
A. Photoreceptors are for the eyes while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
B. Photoreceptors are for the eyes while mechanoreceptors are for the nose.
C. Photoreceptors are for the pain while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
D. Photoreceptors are for the taste while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
18
5. Figure out which of the following sends a message to the brain through a chemical
reaction.
A. action potential B. nerve impulse C. stimulus D. response
6. Infer which of the following carries a message towards the cell.
7. Choose which of the following parts receives and carries a message.
A. axon C. nerve body
B. dendrite D. neuron
8. Examine which situation uses the olfactory receptors.
A. a boy eating a cake C. a girl whispering to her friend
B. a girl playing with her bike D. a mother baking
9. Complete this statement: Ears are to mechanoreceptors while the nose is to
_________.
A. chemoreceptors C. olfactory receptors
B. photoreceptors D. thermoreceptors
10. Choose which of the following uses photoreceptors.
A. ears B. eyes C. nose D. skin
11. Determine which of the following neurons is sensitive if hurt.
A. chemo receptors C. nociceptors
B. mechanoreceptor D. thermoreceptors
12. Comparing a computer to a neuron, what part could the neuron be?
A. CPU B. keyboard C. monitor D. mouse
13. Describe a synapse.
A. It carries messages to the cell body.
B. It carries messages away from the cell body.
C. It is a gap between the axon and the dendrites of another neuron.
D. It is a gap between the axon and the axon terminal of another neuron.
14. Select which part of the neuron encloses the nucleus.
15. What is the other name for a neuron?
A. dendrite C. nerve body
B. nerve cell D. axon
19
Instruction: Answer the crossword puzzle with the terms and concepts that you
have learned about the nervous system. (1 point each)
ACROSS DOWN
1. happens in the length of time
between the activation of stimulus 1. carries impulses away
and recognition from the cell body
2. receptors such as eyes, ears, nose, 2. a reaction to the
skin and tongue stimulus
3. neurotransmitters are released here 3. a kind of neuron that is
when reached by a nerve impulse composed of muscles or
4. a wave of chemical reaction glands
and electrochemical change 4. located between neurons
5. a kind of neuron that carries 5. encloses the nucleus
impulses from the sense organs 6. also known as the nerve cell
to the brain and spinal cord 7. triggers the information to
6. signals originate here at the end of be sent to the central
the dendrites nervous system
7. located within the cell body
8. receives impulses and carries
them towards the cell body
20
Lesson Nervous System
3 Diseases
What I Need to Know
Unfortunately, just like the other systems in the body, the nervous system can
also be affected by certain disorders or illnesses, and this is what this current lesson
will delve into.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. name some common diseases that affect the nervous system;
2. create a slogan or “hugot” lines about the nervous system; and
3. share ways on how to take good care of the nervous system.
What I Know
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is an Alzheimer’s disease?
A. a brain damage that causes loss of memory or problems with speaking and
thinking
B. a growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside the skull
C. a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls movement
D. a disease that leads to pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and hands
2. Select which of the following diseases manifests a pressure inside the skull or
destruction and compression of the normal brain tissue which leads to function
loss.
A. aphasia B. brain tumor C. epilepsy D. meningitis
3. Describe aphasia.
thinking
B. entails loss of speech which usually happens to a person who suffers from
stroke or traumatic brain injury
C. causes loss of insulation that leads to a short circuit in the nerve cell
D. an insufficient blood supply to the brain
21
4. Compare anxiety from panic disorder.
A. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness or overthinking while
panic disorder is the repeated episodes of sudden fear and impending doom.
B. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness or overthinking while
panic disorder is a state of being sad or unhappy.
C. Anxiety is a state of being sad or unhappy while panic disorder is the
repeated episodes of sudden fear and impending doom.
D. Anxiety is a state of being sad or unhappy while panic disorder is the
5. Determine which of the following is a sign of a nervous system disorder.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. getting a regular exercise
B. eating a balanced diet D. losing a memory
6. Infer which of the following involves a problem within the nerve cells of the brain
that controls movement.
A. aphasia C. peripheral neuropathy
B. Parkinson’s disease D. multiple sclerosis
7. Choose which of the following keeps your body and nervous system healthy.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. eating junk food
B. not taking a rest D. using tobacco
8. Examine which shows a fear zone during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A.I complain frequently. C. I identify with emotion.
B.I evaluate information. D. I stop compulsive buying.
9. Complete this statement: Cerebrovascular accident is also known as _________.
A. ischemia C. meningitis
B. seizure D. stroke
10. Choose which of the following parts receives and carries information in the
learning zone.
A.I am empathetic. C. I thank others.
B. I complain frequently. D. I recognize that we’re all trying our best.
11. Figure out which zone includes thanking people who help others during COVID-
19.
A. acceptance zone C. growth zone
B. fear zone D. learning zone
12. Differentiate Parkinson’s from Alzheimer’s disease.
A. Parkinson’s is a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls
movement while Alzheimer’s entails loss of memory.
B. Parkinson’s is a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls
movement while Alzheimer’s entails loss of speech.
C. Parkinson’s entails loss of speech while Alzheimer’s involves loss of
memory.
D. Parkinson’s entails insufficient blood supply to the brain while Alzheimer’s
involves loss of memory.
13. Identify which mental health disorder entails being sad or unhappy.
A. anxiety B. depression C. panic disorder D. stress
14. Classify the following indicators: loss of sight and memory.
A. anxiety disorder C. symptoms of a nervous system disorder
B. mental health disorder D. ways to keep the nervous system healthy
22
15. Tell which of the following suffers from pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs
and hands.
A. brain tumor C. meningitis
B. epilepsy D. peripheral neuropathy
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned how a message is transported to the
different parts of the body from the brain. At this point, you are going to explore how
certain diseases and disorders of the nervous system can also affect the different
organs of the body.
What’s New
As cited earlier, the organ system of the body which includes the cells, tissues
and other body parts is responsible in maintaining the balance inside and this balance
is called homeostasis. This is possible by making the internal environment in good
condition and keeping things in balance and to make adjustments if the need arises.
When homeostatic mechanism is not achieved, diseases may occur.
What Is It
A nervous system problem may occur slowly in time thus its loss of function is
gradually felt. Sometimes though, it may happen very suddenly and can be highly life
threatening. Below, you will find some signs and symptoms of nervous system
disorders:
 persistent or sudden onset of headaches;

 loss of feeling or tingling;
 weakness or loss of muscle strength;
 loss of sight;
 memory loss;
 impaired mental ability; and
 lack of coordination.
On the succeeding page, an outline of these disorders is presented.
23
Nervous System Diseases
NAME DESCRIPTION
Alzheimer’s Disease This is a type of brain damage that causes loss of memory
and problems in speaking or thinking which may get worse
over time.
Aphasia It entails loss of speech which usually happens to a person
who suffers from stroke or traumatic brain injury. They have
difficulty in saying the right words, or they may even start to
speak slowly and eventually, totally lose their speech.
Cerebrovascular This is also known as stroke wherein a blood vessel may
Accident (CVA) burst leading to internal bleeding or blood clot which deprives
the brain from getting oxygen. The person may experience
paralysis, loss of speech or loss of vision.
Brain Tumor A growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside
the skull or destruction and compression of normal brain
tissue that causes function loss. A person also can suffer
from headaches and seizures.
Epilepsy Some may experience seizure and high fever in a short time.
It has no permanent after-effect.
Multiple Sclerosis It shows multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the
insulating layer of the nerve fiber. The loss of insulation can
cause a short circuit in the nerve cell. Patients with this
condition suffer from paralysis, sensory disturbance or even
blindness.
Meningitis It is a swelling of the lining around the brain and spinal cord.
It is caused by virus and bacteria. The person may suffer
from headache, vomiting, insomnia and seizure.
Parkinson’s This refers to a problem within the nerve cells of the brain
Disease that controls movement. It may cause problems in balance or
walking, as well as confusion and memory loss.
Peripheral In this disorder, the peripheral nerves are affected. The
Neuropathy person can suffer from pain and loss of feeling in the feet,
legs and hands.
Transient Ischemic “Ischemia” which means no enough blood is related to the
Attack (TIA) circulatory system. There is therefore an insufficient blood
supply to the brain that may show in some stroke symptoms
like weakness of the arms and partial loss of vision.
Mental Health Disorders

The following are some common illnesses pertaining to the mental health:
1. Anxiety: uncomfortable feeling of fear; uneasiness; or overthinking that
something bad may happen
2. Panic Disorder: repeated episodes of sudden fear; or feeling of great danger
and impending doom
24
3. Depression or Psychosis: a state of being sad; loss of happiness; lack of
interest on things; wanting to be away from others; and loss of energy. It
is not a normal sadness or grief that is manifested with low energy.
Worldwide, many suffer from depression especially during the time of the
COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, we should always find ways and means in order to divert
such depression which, if not addressed, may lead to the loss of many lives.
Figure 3.1 Overcoming depression during the COVID-19 pandemic

Source:Free image
How to keep your body and nervous system healthy?
To keep your body and nervous system in good shape, strive to do the
following on a daily basis:
1. perform a regular exercise;

2. refrain from smoking;
3. get plenty of rest;
4. drink 8-10 glasses of water; and
5. eat a well-balanced diet.
25
What’s More
ACTIVITY: YOU INSPIRE ME!
Instruction: Name the common disease of the nervous system that is being
described. (2 points each)
NAME DESCRIPTION
“Ischemia” which means no enough blood is related to the circulatory
system. There is therefore an insufficient blood supply to the brain
1. that may show in some stroke symptoms like weakness of the arms
and partial loss of vision.
This refers to a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that
2. controls movement. It may cause problems in balance or walking, as
well as confusion and memory loss.
It shows multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer
of the nerve fiber. The loss of insulation can cause a short circuit to
3. the nerve cell. Patients with this condition suffer from paralysis,
sensory disturbance or even blindness.
A growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside the skull
4. or destruction and compression of normal brain tissue that causes
function loss. A person also can suffer from headaches and seizures.
This is also known as stroke wherein a blood vessel may burst
leading to internal bleeding or blood clot which deprives the brain
5. from getting oxygen. The person may experience paralysis, loss of
speech or loss of vision.
This is a type of brain damage that causes loss of memory and
6. problems in speaking or thinking which may get worse over time.
In this disorder, the peripheral nerves are affected. The person can
7. suffer from pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and hands.
It is a swelling of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. It is
8. caused by virus and bacteria. The person may suffer from headache,
vomiting, insomnia and seizure.
Some may experience seizure and high fever in a short time. It has
9. no permanent after-effect.
It entails loss of speech which usually happens to a person who
10. suffers from stroke or traumatic brain injury. They have difficulty in
saying the right words, or they may even start to speak slowly and
eventually, totally lose their speech.
26
What I Have Learned
Instruction: Complete the following paragraph with the terms you have acquired
from this topic. Write your answer on another paper. (1 point each)
Nervous system problems may occur 1. __________________of function.

Sometimes this may happen 2. ______________ and can be life threatening. Signs
and symptoms of nervous system disorders include the following: 3. _________ or
sudden onset of headache, 4. _____________________, 5. __________________, 6.
_______________ and 7. _________________. There are three kinds of mental
health disorders, namely: 8. ______________, 9. _____________ and 10.
_____________. In order to keep your body and nervous system healthy, you should
11. _____________,12. _______________, 13. ______________,
14. ______________ and 15. ____________________.
What I Can Do
Instruction: Construct a slogan or “hugot” line about the nervous system. (15 points)
27
Assessment
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Classify the following receptors: loss of sight and memory.

A. anxiety disorder C. symptoms of a nervous system disorder
B. mental health disorder D. ways to keep the nervous system healthy
2. Tell which of the following suffers from pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and
hands.
A. brain tumor B. epilepsy C. meningitis D. peripheral neuropathy
3. What is an Alzheimer’s disease?
A. a brain damage that causes loss of memory, or problems with speaking and
thinking
B. a growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside the skull
C. a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls movement
D. a disease that brings pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and hands
4. Select which of the following diseases manifests pressure inside the skull or
destruction and compression of the normal brain tissue that leads to function
loss.
A. aphasia C. epilepsy
B. brain tumor D. meningitis
5. Identify which mental health disorder involves being sad and unhappy.
A. anxiety C. panic disorder
B. depression D. stress
6. Describe aphasia.
thinking
B. involves loss of speech which usually happens to a person who suffers from
stroke or traumatic brain injury
C. causes loss of insulation that leads to a short circuit on the nerve cell
D. an insufficient blood supply to the brain
7. Compare anxiety from panic disorder.
A. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness or overthinking while
panic disorder is the repeated episodes of sudden fear and impending
doom.
B. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness or overthinking while
panic disorder is a state of being sad or unhappy.
C. Anxiety is a state of being sad or unhappy while panic disorder is the
D. Anxiety is a state of being sad or unhappy while panic disorder is the
8. Determine which of the following is a sign of a nervous system disorder.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. getting a regular exercise
B. eating a balanced diet D. losing a memory
28
9. Infer which of the following involves a problem within the nerve cells of the brain
that controls movement.
A. aphasia C. peripheral neuropathy
B. Parkinson’s disease D. multiple sclerosis
10. Choose which of the following keeps your body and nervous system healthy.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. eating junk food
B. not taking a rest D. using tobacco
11. Examine which shows fear zone during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A. I complain frequently. C. I identify with emotion.
B.I evaluate information. D. I stop compulsive buying.
12. Differentiate Parkinson’s from Alzheimer’s disease.
A. Parkinson’s is a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls
movement while Alzheimer’s entails a loss of memory.
B. Parkinson’s is a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls
movement while Alzheimer’s entails loss of speech.
C. Parkinson’s entails loss of speech while Alzheimer’s involves loss of
memory.
D. Parkinson’s entails an insufficient blood supply to the brain while Alzheimer’s
involves loss of memory.
13. Complete the statement: Cerebrovascular accident is also known as _________.
A. ischemia B. seizure C. meningitis D. stroke
14. Choose which of the following parts receives and carries information in the
learning zone.
A.I am empathetic. C. I thank others.
B. I complain frequently. D. I recognize we’re all trying our best.
15. Figure out which zone includes thanking people who help others during COVID
19.
A. acceptance zone C. growth zone
B. fear zone D. learning zone
Instruction: In 3-5 sentences, share any activities that show how you can take good
care of the nervous system. (15 points)
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
29
Summative Assessment
Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Name the main control system of the body.

A. brain B. neurons C. neurotransmitter D. spinal cord
2. Select which of the following is the center of intelligence and thinking.
A. cerebellum B. cerebrum C. medulla oblongata D. pons
3. Describe the function of the thalamus.
D. It is responsible for the emotions.
4. Predict what regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
A. amygdala C. hippocampus
B. hypothalamus D. thalamus
5. Determine what controls emotions such as fear and aggression.
A. amygdala C. hippocampus
B. hypothalamus D. thalamus
6. Infer which is responsible for memory storage and retrieval.
7. Choose which of the following is associated with the regulation and coordination of
movement, posture and balance.
8. Examine which controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart and blood vessel
function, and digestion.
and from the brain.
A. cerebrum C. pons
10. Choose which is responsible for voluntary actions.
11. Select which functions as a gap between the axon and the dendrite of another
neuron.
A. nerve impulse C. reaction time
B. neurotransmitter D. synapse
30
12. Identify which makes up the brain and the spinal cord.
13. Figure out which regulates the involuntary and automatic reactions.
14. Classify the following organs: heart muscles, smooth intestine, bladder and uterus.
15. Tell which activity activates the parasympathetic nervous system.
A. a boy running C. a teenager exercising
B. a girl jumping D. a man sleeping
31
Answer Key
32
33
34
References
Bodytomy. (2019). Understanding Negative and Positive feedback in Homeostasis
Made Easy. Retrieved from https://bodytomy.com
Gaman, D. (2016). The Brain and What It Does. Retrieved from

http://www. brainwaves.com
Gans, K.C. (2019). A Guide to the Anatomy of the Brain. Retrieved from
http://www. verywellmind.com
Gallo, F. (2015). Parts of your Brain and Interesting Thing They Do. Retrieved from
http://www. aurorahealthcare.org
Healthwise Staff. (2019). Healthwise forever Health Decision. Retrived from

http://www. peacehealth.org.
Health24. (2011). Brain Areas and their Function. Retrieved from

http://www. m.health24.com
Hoffman, M. (2014). Human Anatomy. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com
Matira, M.D., Chico, A.M., Fabian,J.C and Hingcoy, D.F. (2015). Metamorphosis-
Science Series for 21st Century Learner. Espana Blvd.cor. Don Quijote St.
Sampaloc, Manila. St. Augustine Publication, Inc.
Mayfieldclinic. (2018). Mayfield Brain and Spine. Retrieved from

http://www.mayfieldclinic.com
Norteast University. (2010). Traumatic Brain Injury Resource for Survivors and
Caregiver. Retrieved from http:// bouve.northeast.edu.
Salvacion, D.L., & Yang, G.C. (2001) The Living World. Quezon City. SIBS Publishing
House Inc.
Schuman, J.S. (2019). Brain Overview. Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com
Visible Body. (2020). The Human Brain: Anatomy and Function. Retrieved from
http://www. Visiblebody.com
35
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
DepEd Division of Bukidnon

Fortich Street, Sumpong, Malaybalay City
Telefax: (088) 813-3634
E-mail Address: bukidnon@deped.gov.ph
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Science 10

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bukidnon

Author/s : Jine Melody S. Parista, PhD

Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Lesson 1 - Parts and Functions of the Nervous System

Assessment (Post - Test) 30

- From the Science 10 Module Development Team

• Take time in reading the lessons thoroughly;

Icons Used in This Module

What I Need to Know This gives you an idea on what skills or

What I Know It includes an activity that aims to check your

What’s In This serves as a brief drill or review to help you

What’s New It offers a new lesson by introducing it

What Is It This provides a brief discussion of the lesson.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

Assessment This aims to evaluate your level of mastery in

Additional Activities This enriches your knowledge or skill of the

Answer Key This contains all of the answers to all activities

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This shows the list of all sources used in

Guidelines and Reminders

What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

Good day, young

1. Name the main control system of the body.

What is the nervous system?

The nervous system is your body's

MAJOR DIVISIONS AND PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Figure 1.2 Parts of the brain

B. The Spinal Cord

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

a. The Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

b. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

1. Sympathetic - It is known as the “fight or flight response” which controls the

2. Parasympathetic – It is known as the “rest and digest” which is the

ACTIVITY 1: PERFECT MATCH!

ACTIVITY 2: CREATE ME!

10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15.

1. Tell which activity activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor Score

Creativity All parts of the Some parts of All parts of No

What I Need to Know

Welcome to a chapter wherein the different components of the nervous

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

Hi there, young Science

1. What is the other name for a nerve cell?

Figure 2.1 Transfer of information from the stimulus to the brain

As shown in Figure 2.3, once a stimulus is detected through a receptor or a

Homeostasis is the condition wherein the human body system is maintained in

1. Stimulus – The variable that is being regulated.

ACTIVITY 1: NAME ME!

ACTIVITY 2: YOU A-MAZE ME!

What I Have Learned