MOCK TEST 02

PART A. LISTENING (Each recording will be played TWICE)

Section 1: You will hear a radio program about coping with stress.
Questions 1-4. Complete the list of reasons why these people suffer from stress. Choose from the
list of possible causes in the box.
Coping with Stress

What did each person say was the principal cause Possible causes of stress
of stress for him or her?
A. bad management
Ramon: Team work B. dual-career family
Kikuko: 1. _____________ C. fear of unemployment
Boris: 2. _____________ D. new technologies
Etienne: 3. _____________ E. physical surroundings
Nagwa: 4. _____________ F. powerlessness
G. too much work

Questions 5-7. List THREE parts of one's daily routine that can help reduce stress.
Write THREE WORDS for each answer.
5. ______________________________
6. ______________________________
7. ______________________________

Questions 8-10. Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in each space

Strategies for reducing stress from specific causes

Causes of stress Strategy for reducing stress

Overwork 8. __________________________________
Fear of jobless 9. __________________________________
New technologies 10. _________________________________

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Section 2: You will hear part of a radio interview with a woman called Linda Brown, who is
talking about working in a cake shop when she was a student.
For questions 11-15, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

11. Linda worked in a cake shop because ______.

A. her parents didn’t give her enough money
B. she wanted to give her parents some money
C. she needed to buy things for college
12. What did Linda enjoy about working in the shop?
A. Eating the cakes B. The smell of baking C. The clean workplace
13. In the shop, Linda helped with ______.
A. baking bread B. displaying cakes C. making sandwiches
14. Linda says that the full - time shop assistants ______.
A. were friendly to her
B. hadn’t got the same skills as her
C. didn’t work as hard as her
15. What does Linda say about serving customers?
A. She didn’t like dealing with complaints.
B. She liked giving them advice.
C. She enjoyed the busy part of the day.

Section 3: You will hear an interview with a professional athlete called Ann Brown.
For questions 16-20, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

16. What does Ann say about her performance in the world championships?
A. She was disappointed not to win.
B. She wishes she'd been more prepared.
C. She did better than she'd been expecting to.
17. How does Ann feel about the place where she trains?
A. She finds it quite boring.
B. She enjoys looking at the scenery.
C. She pays little attention to where she is.
18. What is Ann's attitude towards the other competitors in races?
A. She avoids close social contact with them.
B. She's made a few good friends amongst them.
C. She finds it easy to talk to them when she has to.
19. How does Ann feel about being recognized in public?
A. She's relaxed about it.
B. She finds the attention exciting.
C. She dislikes signing autographs.
20. When thinking about the future, Ann ______.
A. plans around five years in advance
B. admits to worrying about getting injured
C. remains focused on winning important races

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PART B. PHONETICS

Pick out the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the other words. Identify your
answer by writing the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.

1. A. thesis B. moisture C. household D. champagne

2. A. coconut B. challenging C. celebrate D. conductor
3. A. determine B. supportive C. counterpart D. commitment
4. A. sophisticated B. hypersensitive C. contributory D. administrator
5. A. hypocrisy B. temperament C. participant D. impertinent

PART C. LEXICO-GRAMMAR

Section 1: Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct answer A, B, C or D.

1. Mathew has changed his ________ several times about buying a new car.
A. sight B. mind C. head D. view
2. Can you give me the ________ for tomato soup?
A. formula B. recipe C. order D. method
3. Helena is one of the few people to ________.
A. I look up them B. who I look up C. that I look up D. whom I look up
4. While you are planning, you must take into ________ how many people you are expecting.
A. thought B. mind C. consideration D. memory
5. His flat looks so ________ that it is difficult to believe he just had a party last night.
A. spick and span B. bubble and squeak
C. leaps and bounds D. odds and ends
6. - Patient: “Can I make an appointment to see the doctor, please?”
- Mathew: “________”
A. Not at the moment. He can’t be disturbed.
B. OK, you will need to check my diary.
C. OK, let me check the diary.
D. Have a seat and I’ll be with you in an hour.
7. Although I explained the situation, he didn’t seem to ________ the degree of danger he was in.
A. seize B. grab C. catch D. grasp
8. After the robbery, the shop installed a sophisticated alarm system as an insurance ________
further losses.
A. for B. from C. against D. towards
9. A scientific hypothesis is tested in a series of ________ experiments.
A. controlled B. limited C. theoretical D. supervised
10. The Government lost a lot of voters because it failed to _________its election promises.
A. stand by B. stand for C. stand in for D. stand over

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Section 2: Supply the correct form of the word provided in each blank.
Jaguars once roamed throughout much of Arizona and New Mexico, even as far north as the
Grand Canyon. But throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, hunters (1.EXTERMINATE)
_________the U.S. population of North America’s only big cat. However, with a breeding
population in adjacent Sonora, Mexico, that numbers up to 200. Cats from their ranks are
(2.INCREASE) _________wandering north into Arizona. At least seven male jaguars have been
seen in the southern part of the state in the last 25 years - including one that resides in southeastern
Arizona - and another (3.HAND) _________have been spotted in Mexico close to the border over
the same period. Now (4.RESEARCH) _________have captured videos of a new jaguar on a ranch
in Sonora, a couple miles south of the spot where Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico intersect - and
where border wall construction ceased only two months ago.
This rare sighting came as a joy to Ganesh Marin, a (5.DOCTOR) _________student at
University of Arizona and a National Geographic explorer who studies local wildlife
(6.ABUNDANT) _________and movement using a grid of about a hundred camera traps at this
ranch. “It was like finding a needle in a haystack,” he says. Ceballos says this jaguar was likely
born less than 60 miles to the south, and that the animals “are breeding now on the doorstep of the
United States.” The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the jaguar as near
(7.THREAT) _________ due to habitat loss and poaching, and the species is protected under the
U.S. Endangered Species Act. Meanwhile, a study published on March 16th in the journal Oryx
estimates that much of (8.CENTER) _________Arizona and New Mexico is prime jaguar habitat,
and could (9.CONSERVE) _________support a population of 150 or more animals. This contrasts
with the estimated carrying capacity previously produced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
which is (10.SIGNIFY) _________lower.

Section 3: The passage below contains 5 mistakes. Write down the line numbers, the
corresponding mistakes and correct them.

1 In a Dutch city of Tilburg, ten people have been taking part in a trial of Crosswalk, a
2 smart phone app that gives pedestrians with limited mobiles extra crossing time. This
3 ground-breaking experiment enables participants to cross the road by one go, without
4 needing to dodge cars. A sensor in the traffic lights is constant on the lookout for anyone
5 with Crosswalk on their phone. It scans both sides of the road and adjusts the crossing
6 time automatically, once a pedestrian carries the app has been detected. Each user
7 triggers a specific time which is pre-installed onto their phone and varies according to
8 their level of mobility. By this way, delays to traffic are also minimized. The app works
9 in combination with GPS and the software that operates the traffic lights, but getting
10 around the need to install further devices to control the system.

No. Line Mistake Correction

0 1 a the
1
2
…

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PART D. READING

Section 1: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer by writing the
corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Types of Social Groups
Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of
these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained
through social interaction - and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for
two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a
relationship.
People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental
ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit
ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a
sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social
links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal. Occasionally, this may
mean working with instead of against competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to
reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.
Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to
distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or
more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties
predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own
right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship
and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary
groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes
primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many
work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with co-workers as they come to
share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.
A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size
is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and
dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish
rapport with them. Second, face-to-face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with
one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings.
And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent
and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and
gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.
Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. First, primary groups are critical to the
socialization process. Within them, infants and children are introduced to the ways of their society.
Such groups are the breeding grounds in which we acquire the norms and values that equip us for
social life. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society
because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of
oneness so critical for social solidarity.
Second, primary groups are fundamental because they provide the settings in which we meet
most of our personal needs. Within them, we experience companionship, love, security, and an
overall sense of well-being. Not surprisingly, sociologists find that the strength of a group's primary
ties has implications for the group's functioning. For example, the stronger the primary group ties of
a sports team playing together, the better their record is.

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 Third, primary groups are fundamental because they serve as powerful instruments for social
control. Their members command and dispense many of the rewards that are so vital to us and that
make our lives seem worthwhile. Should the use of rewards fail, members can frequently win by
rejecting or threatening to ostracize those who deviate from the primary group's norms. For
instance, some social groups employ shunning (a person can remain in the community, but others
are forbidden to interact with the person) as a device to bring into line individuals whose behavior
goes beyond that allowed by the particular group. Even more important, primary groups define
social reality for us by structuring our experiences. By providing us with definitions of situations,
they elicit from our behavior that conforms to group-devised meanings. Primary groups, then, serve
both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.

1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of a relationship?

A. It is a structure of associations with many people.
B. It should be studied in the course of a social interaction.
C. It places great demands on people.
D. It develops gradually overtime.
2. The word endowing in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. leaving B. exposing C. providing D. understanding
3. Which of the following can be inferred about instrumental ties from the author's mention of
working with competitors in paragraph 2?
A. Instrumental ties can develop even in situations in which people would normally not
cooperate.
B. Instrumental ties require as much emotional investment as expressive ties.
C. Instrumental ties involve security, love, and acceptance.
D. Instrumental ties should be expected to be significant.
4. According to paragraph 3, what do sociologists see as the main difference between primary and
secondary groups?
A. Primary groups consist of people working together, while secondary groups exist outside of
work settings.
B. In primary groups, people are seen as means, while in secondary groups people are seen as
ends.
C. Primary groups involve personal relationships, while secondary groups are mainly practical
in purpose.
D. Primary groups are generally small, while secondary groups often contain more than two
people.
5. Which of the following can be inferred from the author's claim in paragraph 3 that primary group
relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?
A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships.
B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group
relationship.
C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.
D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close
relationships.
6. The phrase size up in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. enlarge B. evaluate C. impress D. accept
7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence
in paragraph 5? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential
information.
A. Sociologists think that cultural patterns establish connections between the individual and the
larger society.

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 B. Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society
and primary groups.
C. Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a
society's cultural patterns.
D. Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide social solidarity arise as bridges
from primary groups.
8. This passage is developed primarily by______.
A. drawing comparisons between theory and practice
B. presenting two opposing theories
C. defining important concepts and providing examples of them
D. discussing causes and their effects
9. The word deviate in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A. detract B. advance C. select D. depart
10. According to the last paragraph, why would a social group use shunning?
A. To enforce practice of the kinds of behavior acceptable to the group
B. To discourage offending individuals from remaining in the group
C. To commend and reward the behavior of the other members of the group
D. To decide which behavioral norms should be passed on to the next generation

Section 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the following passage by writing the
corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
The expression on your face can usually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it
has been proved that (1) ________ smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional
responses. The idea was first (2) ________ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906. He
believed that different facial (3) ________ affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this
could create positive or negative feelings. A happy smile or irrepressible (4) ________ increased
the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings. But sad, angry expressions decreased the flow of
oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious circle of gloom and depression by (5) ________
starving the brain of essential fuel.
Psychologist Robert Zajonc rediscovered this early subject, and suggested that the temperature
of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters, which definitely
influence our moods and energy levels. He argued that an impaired blood flow could not only
deprive the brain of oxygen, but also create further chemical imbalance (6) ________ inhibiting
these vital hormonal messages. Zajonc went on to propose that our brains remember smiling
associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (7)
________ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters replacing a depression condition (8)
________ a happier one. People suffering from psychosomatic (9) ________, depression and
anxiety states could benefit from simply exercising their zygomatic muscles, (10) ________ pull the
corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile several times an hour.
1. A. desperately B. inattentively C. deliberately D. decidedly
2. A. put off B. put down C. put by D. put forward
3. A. aspects B. looks C. expressions D. appearances
4. A. laughter B. sadness C. humor D. depression
5. A. effective B. effectiveness C. effectively D. ineffectively
6. A. by B. without C. when D. from
7. A. make B. promote C. allow D. decide
8. A. through B. by C. after D. with
9. A. disease B. illness C. infection D. ailment
10. A. that B. when C. which D. who

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Section 3: Read the passage and fill in each numbered gap with ONE suitable word.
Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, drive us into battle or lull us to sleep. Music is indeed
remarkable in its power over (1)_________ humankind, and perhaps for that very reason, no human
culture on earth has ever lived (2)_________ it. From discoveries made in France and Slovenia,
even Neanderthal man, as long as 53,000 years ago, had developed surprisingly sophisticated,
sweet-sounding flutes carved from animal bones. It is perhaps then, no accident (3)_________
music should strike such a chord with the limbic system – an ancient part of our brain,
evolutionarily speaking, and one that we share with much of the animal kingdom. Some researchers
even propose that music came into this world long (4)_________ the human race ever did. For
example, the fact that whale and human music have so much in common even though our
evolutionary paths have not intersected for nearly 60 million years suggests that music may predate
humans. They assert that (5)_________ than being the inventors of music, we are latecomers to the
musical scene.
Humpback whale composers employ many of the same tricks that human songwriters
(6)_________. In addition to using similar rhythms, humpbacks keep musical phrases to a few
seconds, creating themes out of several phrases before singing the next one. Whale songs in
(7)_________ are no longer than symphony movements, perhaps because they have a similar
attention span. Even though they can sing over a range of seven octaves, the whales typically sing
in key, spreading adjacent notes no farther apart (8)_________ a scale. They mix percussive and
pure tones in pretty much the (9)_________ ratios as human composers – and follow their ABA
form, in which a theme is presented, elaborated on and then revisited in a slightly modified form.
Perhaps (10)_________ amazingly, humpback whale songs include repeating refrains that rhyme.

PART E. WRITING
Section 1: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has a similar meaning to
the original one.
1. The thief ran right past you so I’m sure you saw his face.
→ You _________________________________________________________________.
2. She explained her behavior to me implausibly
→ She gave ______________________________________________________________.
3. She is now leading a normal life as a result of all the support she received from social workers.
→ Had _________________________________________________________________.
4. Don’t run away with the idea that you have discovered a new chemical.
→ Don’t come ___________________________________________________________.
5. Explaining what you mean to such a young girl can be difficult sometimes.
→ It is sometimes difficult to get ____________________________________________.

Section 2: Essay writing:

In recent years, the family structure and the roles of its members are gradually changing.
What kinds of changes can occur? Do you think these changes are positive or negative?
Write an essay within 250 words to give reasons for your answer and include any relevant
examples from your own knowledge or experience.
- THE END -