Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI 2017)

IEEE Xplore Compliant - Part Number: CFP17L34-ART, ISBN: 978-1-5386-4031-9

Density Based Traffic Signal System Using Arduino Uno

R. Bhargavi Devi1 D. Kavya Reddy2

Dept. of Electronics And Communication Engineering Dept. of Computer Science Engineering

Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir

bhargavidevi193@gmail.com Kavyareddy.kiwi@gmail.com

E. Sravani 3 Gaddam Srujan 4

Dept. of Electronics And Communication Engineering. Dept. of Electronics And Communication Engineering

Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir.

sravanierukulla1@gmail.com sujjireddy@gmail.com

Shiv Shankar 5 Dr. Shubhro Chakrabartty 6*

Dept. of Electronics And Communication Engineering Dept. of Electronics And Communication Engineering

Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir

shankar.shiva4@gmail.com shubhroacumen@gmail.com

Corresponding Author: shubhroacumen@gmail.com

Abstract---

Present era controlling traffic became very arduous because of increase in the automobiles such as cars, bikes, etc. Due to
this, there is a longer time delays in the signalling systems. In order to overcome this problem, we have designed the
density based traffic signal with a delay of 1000ms to control the traffic based on density at the crossings or four-side lane
or roads system using Arduino Uno ATMega 328P.

Keywords-Traffic signals, Infrared Sensors, Arduino Uno AT Mega 328P Microcontroller, Light Emitting Diodes.

978-1-5386-4031-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 426

 Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI 2017)
IEEE Xplore Compliant - Part Number: CFP17L34-ART, ISBN: 978-1-5386-4031-9

II. PRESENT TRAFFIC SIGNALLING SYSTEM

Traffic control in India is a serious problem after lots of

improvement in today’s digital hegemony [1]. In present
I. INTRODUCTION
manual traffic control system is used in many places of
Mostly cities, traffic is becoming a prime problem India. A comparable and matching education program is
for day to day life. So lots of techniques are taken required, through driver-licensing authorities, to assure
into concern to subdue the traffic. We have also that those who operate motor vehicles understand the
presented our technicality by designing the density rules of the road and the actions that they are required or

based traffic signal system using Arduino Uno advised to take when a particular control device is in used.
ATMega 328P. For the same at first we have Each traffic control device is governed by standards of
considered four IR sensors, eight LED’s, eight 220 design and usage; for example, stop signs always have a
ohms resistors and one Arduino Uno which acts as red background and are octagonal in shape. Design
the microcontroller. Here he IR sensors are used to standards allow the motor operator to quickly and

measure the traffic density i.e., the number of consistently perceive the sign in the visual field along the
vehicles are counted that are passing through the road. Standard use of colours and shape aids in this
each IR sensor which is called as traffic density identification and in deciding on the appropriate course of
and the four IR sensors are interfaced with the action. Under current circumstances, traffic lights are set
Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno has 28 pin on in the different directions with fixed time delay,

configuration and also consist of 14 digital I/O pins following a particular cycle while switching from one
(out of 14 pins, 6 can be used as PWM outputs), signal to other creating unwanted and prodigal congestion
six Analog inputs, 16MHz crystal, USB on one lane while the other lanes remain vacant [2]. The
connection, power jack, ICSP header, reset button. system we proposed identifies the density of traffic on
Here three different colour light emitting diode i.e. individual lanes and thereby regulate the timing of the

red, yellow and green are applied, according to the signals’ timing. IR trans-receivers count the obstructions
traffic conditions. The road which covers more and provide an idea about the traffic density on a
number of vehicle, given as green signal and other particular lane and feed this response to a controller unit
remaining roads are given as red signal. In this which will make the necessary decisions while it is

project we have designed the system with a delay required.

of 1000 ms. Based on the sensors output, the

III. OPERATIONAL MODEL
microcontroller detects the traffic and the signals
The model works on the principle of changing delay of
are given according to it and hence the traffic can
Traffic signals based on the number of cars passing through
be controlled by the delay.
an assigned section of the road. There are four sensors
placed at four sides of a four-way road which counts the
number of cars passing by the area covered by the sensors.
Here we are using IR sensors replacing traffic control
system to design a density based traffic signal system. IR
sensor contains IR transmitter IR receiver (photodiode) in
itself. These IR transmitter and IR receiver will be mounted
on same sides of the road at a particular distance [3]. As the
vehicle passes through these IR sensors, the IR sensor

978-1-5386-4031-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 427

 Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI 2017)
IEEE Xplore Compliant - Part Number: CFP17L34-ART, ISBN: 978-1-5386-4031-9

will detect the vehicle & will send the information to the In the code section sensorState1 reads and stores the state of

microcontroller. The microcontroller will count the number sensor1. If the state of the detector in more than a few from

of vehicles, and provide the glowing time to LED according the previous state, it satisfies the condition, then the

to the density of vehicles. The lane or road which has the statement in parenthesis gets dead. Again the detector goes

higher density, then the LED will glow for higher time than high to low and vice versa. This could cause the counter to

average or vice versa. The traffic lights are initially running extend twofold whenever an automobile passes, to avoid

at a fixed delay of 1000 milliseconds, which in turn this downside the counter is augmented only if the detector

produces a delay of 1000+1 milliseconds in the entire goes low to high. If (sensorState1 == HIGH) avoid the count

process. This entire embedded system is placed at that once the detector State goes high to low. Similarly, four

junction. Microcontroller is interfaced with LED’s and IR counters are used for sensors for numeration cars at four

sensors. The total number of IR sensors required are 4 and directions.

LED’s are 8. Therefore, these are connected to any two ports

of the Arduino.IR sensor module consists of IR transmitter
and IR receiver. When the sensor finds any object vehicles
the, comparator output goes low else it gives high voltage i.e.
+5v or 3.3v.

Figure 3: Schematic Diagarm

Figure 1: IR Sensor Module

IR
MODULE

ARDUINO
UNO AT MEGA LED’S
328P

POWER
SUPPLY
(USB Cable)

Figure 2: Block Diagram

Figure 4: Programming Flowchart

978-1-5386-4031-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 428

 Proceedings of the International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI 2017)
IEEE Xplore Compliant - Part Number: CFP17L34-ART, ISBN: 978-1-5386-4031-9

[2] Intelligent Traffic Control System Using Arduino

UNO by J. Jasmine, M. Deva Priya, G. Ram Swathi,
P. Nachiyar.

[3]Intelligent Traffic Signal Control System Using

Embedded System by Dinesh Rotake & Prof. Swapnili
Karmore, Innovative Systems Design & Engineering,
ISSN 2222-1727(paper) ISSN 2222-2871 (online), Vol.
3,No. 5, 2012.

Figure 5: Result of the Density Based Traffic Signal

System
V. CONCLUSION

In present situation we need a very efficient and economical

traffic management system in our country, as India meets
with 384 road accidents each day. To overcome this
congestion and unwanted time delay in traffic a
sophisticated system is designed by us. By the practical field
application of this technology, the exasperating chaos of
traffic may be effectively channelized by distributing the
time slots with delay supported the benefit of the vehicle
load the lanes of multi junction crossing. We have designed
and checked the same work in laboratory scale but in
coming days we will try to make in commercial basis for
bringing the revolutionary modification in traffic
management system.

VI. REFERENCES

[1] Road Traffic Congestion Monitoring & Measurement

using Active RFID & GSM Technology by Koushik
Mandal, Arindam Sen, Abhijnan Chakraborty and
Siuli Roy, IEEE/Annual Conference on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, 2011.

978-1-5386-4031-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 429