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International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

ISSN: 2455-3778 :: Volume: 06, Issue No: 06, June 2020

Arduino Based Traffic Monitoring and Controlling

System
L Srinivas1 | J Bhavani1 | K Janakiram1 | M Rupasri1 | A B Chandrika1

1Department of ECE, VSM College of Engineering, Ramachandrapuram, AP, India.

To Cite this Article

L Srinivas, J Bhavani, K Janakiram, M Rupasri and A B Chandrika, “Arduino Based Traffic Monitoring and Controlling
System”, International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, Vol. 06, Issue 06, June 2020, pp.:104-107;
https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST060622

Article Info
Received on 03-May-2020, Revised on 02-June-2020, Accepted on 07-June-2020, Published on 13-June-2020.

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, controlling the traffic becomes major issue because of rapid increase in automobiles and also
because of large time delays between traffic lights.to optimise this problem we have made a frame work for
an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the junction demands
longer green time as compared to standard allotment time we, therefore propose here a mechanism in which
the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the traffic present at that
time . Once the density is calculated ,the glowing time of a green light is assigned by the help of
microcontroller(Arduino). The sensors which are present on sides of the roads will detect the presence of the
vehicles and sends the information to the microcontroller where it will decide how long a flank will be open or
when to change over the signal light. This project explains you how to control the traffic based on density. In
this system, we will use IR sensors to measure the traffic density. We have to arrange one IR sensor for each
road, these sensors always sense the traffic on that particular road .All these sensors are interfaced to the
microcontroller .Based on these sensors, controller detects the traffic and controls the traffic system.

KEYWORDS: IR sensors, microcontroller

Copyright © 2014-2020 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST060622

I. INTRODUCTION the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic

demand id great enough that the interaction
In modern life we have to face many problems
between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic
one of which is traffic congestion becoming more
stream these results in some congestion. As
serious day after day. It is said that the high
demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of
volume of vehicles, the inadequate infrastructure
the intersections along the road ), extreme traffic
and the irrational distribution of the development
congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped
are main reasons for increasing traffic jam. The
for periods of time, this is colloquially known as
major cause leading to traffic congestion is the high
traffic jam or traffic snarl-up. Traffic congestion
number of vehicle which was caused by the
can lead to drivers becoming frustrated and
population and the development of economy.
engaging in road rage. To solve the problem we are
Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks
designing a framework for a dynamic and
that occurs as use increases ,and is characterized
automatic traffic light control system and
by slower speeds, longer trip times ,and increased
developed a simulation model with codes in to help
vehicular queuing. The most common example is
build the system on hardware.Generally,each

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 L Srinivas, J Bhavani, K Janakiram, M Rupasri and A B Chandrika, “Arduino Based Traffic Monitoring and Controlling System”

traffic light on a intersection is assigned a constant B. Hardware Components:

green signal time.It is possible to propose dynamic Arduinoboard:
time-based coordination schemes where the green
signal time of the traffic lights is assigned based on
the present conditions of traffic.The intelligent
work which is done by traffic inspector will be
perfectly done by the microcontroller in the circuit
with the help of sensors and the program which is
coded to the microcontroller.
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM &HARDWARE COMPONENTS
A. Block Diagram:
An Arduino uno microcontroller has both digital
pins and analogue pins.A0 to A5 are analogue pins
and 16 digital pins are present. Here in this project
we use both analogue and digital pins.IR sensors
has three pins.They are ground,output, 5v power
Fig: Arduino board
supply.Ground is given common in a breadboard
and power supply is connected to 5v pin in Arduino Arduino board is considered as the brain of the
uno board.Output pin is connected to one of the project.It takes input from the IR sensor and
anlogue pins according to our program. according to the input it gives output through
LEDS.It controls the total system.In our project we
Here we use LEDs as traffic lights. Which has 2
use Arduino uno 328 microcontroller.
pins anode and cathode anode is considered as
positive and cathode is considered as negative.Now The Arduino uno is a microcontroller board
positive is connected to power supply of 5v in based on the AT mega328. It has 14 digital i/o
breadboard and negative should be pins(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs) 6
grounded.These are the connections of Arduino analog inputs, a 16MHZ ceramic resonator, a USB
based traffic control system. connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button. It contains everything needed to
We use bread board for connections. In these we
support the microcontroller , simply connect it to a
short all the ground pins. And also short all the
computer with a USB cable or power it with a
power supply pins. These two pins are connected to
AC-DC adapter or battery to get started.
ground and power supply to
microcontroller(Arduino). C. IR Sensor:
IR sensor is used to detect an object placed in front
of it.It has both transmitter and receiver.IR
transmitter is used to transmit a light rays and if
any object is detected in between that light that
information is sent into the IR receiver.And this
output is given to the microcontroller.

An infrared sensor emits and/or detects infrared

radiation to sense its surroundings. The basic
concept of an infrared sensor which is used as
obstacle detector is to transmit an infrared signal,
this infrared signal bounces from the surface of an
object and the signal is received at the infrared
receiver.

Fig: Block Diagram

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 L Srinivas, J Bhavani, K Janakiram, M Rupasri and A B Chandrika, “Arduino Based Traffic Monitoring and Controlling System”

allowing vehicles at the signal 1 to pass .Then after

signal 1, the system will move on to signal 4
skipping 2 and 3.If there is no traffic at all the 4
signals ,system will stop at the current signal and
will only move on the next signal if there will be
traffic at any other signal .Here the input is taken
by using IR sensors at this input is given to the
Arduino microcontroller and the output is seen in
LEDs.

IV. APPLICATIONS & CONCLUSION

A. Applications:
1. The project is mainly used in the control of
Fig:IR Sensor traffic signals in metropolitan cities to provide
uniform distribution of traffic.

D. LEDs: B. Conclusion:
The project is very well used in where the traffic
In this project we use LEDs for output as traffic signals is kept and many other places where we
lights. An LED is a light emitting diode is a need to fulfil the need of the automation. In this
semiconductor device that emits light due to project we have studied the optimization of the
electroluminescence effect. An LED is basically a traffic light controller in a city using IR sensors
PN junction diode,which emits light when forward shows the complete circuit diagram of Arduino
biased. board. By using this system configuration we tries
to reduce the possibilities of traffic jams, caused by
In LEDs we have anode and cathode anode is traffic lights, to an extent and we have successfully
given to power supply and cathode is get the results.
grounded.based on the output given by the IR
sensors to the microcontroller the LEDs gets on in We will implement this system for traffic
this project. controlling in a 4 lane junction. We will update this
system with when a pedestrian try to cross the road
during green signal it will turn on a alarm and
warn the pedestrian and traffic police. And we will
try to update this when a vehicle try to move even
during red signal it will turn an alarm to the driver
of the vehicle and traffic.

OUTPUT:

Fig:LEDs
III. WORKING
The working of the project is divided into three
steps.If there is traffic at all the signals ,then the
system will work normally by controlling the
signals one by one.If there is no traffic near a
signal, then the system will skip tis signal and will
move on the next one .For example, if there is no
vehicle at signal 2,3 and currently the system is
Fig:working module

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 L Srinivas, J Bhavani, K Janakiram, M Rupasri and A B Chandrika, “Arduino Based Traffic Monitoring and Controlling System”

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[2] Bilal Ghazal, Khaled ElKhatib “Smart Traffic Light Control
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[3] Dinesh Rotake, Prof. Swapnil Karmore “Intelligent Traffic
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[4] Malik Tubaishatr, Ti Shang and Hongchi Shi “Adaptive
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[5] Nang Hom Kham, ChawMyat New “Implementation of
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